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Migration and refugee movement, affecting most parts of the modern world in a direct or indirect way, are among the top issues that require a global responsibility and burden sharing. More and more people are leaving their homes, lands, jobs, workplaces, habits, cultural heritage, relatives, loved ones and eventually their countries. While migrants mostly relocate due to factors such as underdevelopment, climate change and natural disasters, refugees are subjected to forced migration due to factors such as wars, discrimination, human rights violations and genocide. Therefore, it can be said that migrants opt to relocate, whereas refugees are forced to do so.
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Since 1982, with the establishment of neoliberalism in Mexico, the health system experienced a growing reduction in federal budgets and the growing commercialization of many of the medical services previously offered by the public health system. In this paper, there will be an analysis of how the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 deepened the limitations of the national health system to serve the population of the country and increased the serious structural problems of the health system, such as the scarcity of financing, deficiencies in the quality of services, and unequal effective access. Given this, a restructuring of Primary Health Care (PHC) with actions and public health functions is urgent, not only through a clinical care approach but also with a comprehensive vision of building a unique, universal, and free public health system as a priority of the López Obrador government in the following years.
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The Covid-19 pandemic, which emerged in the first quarter of the 21st century and negatively affected the whole world, countries' economic, political, social, etc. has caused problems. Many sectors were negatively affected by the pandemic, which was first seen in Wuhan, China in 2019 and affected the whole world in a short time. The aviation industry is one of the sectors negatively affected by the countries closing their border gates and the suspension of air traffic. Every strategic decision to be taken for the continuity of aviation activities and the survival of businesses has become important. While governments' support for businesses in the sector can be considered as a solution in the short term, what strategy will businesses implement in the long term remains a problem due to the continuing pandemic. While the pandemic continues, it is obvious that the aviation activities of the countries have increased with the start of normalization and the vaccination process worldwide. However, despite this increase in air traffic, the negative effects of the countries in terms of socioeconomic aspects will be felt in the long term. The socio-economic impact, which was carried out on the estimation of air traffic passenger numbers and ticket fees before the pandemic, started to be evaluated within the framework of different scenarios with the flight ban that occurred worldwide after the Covid-19 pandemic. Factors such as the continuation of the pandemic, the economic situation of the countries, fluctuations in ticket prices, change in the job market, changing preferences and attitudes of customers will determine the socioeconomic effects. Considering that the total economic impact of the global aviation industry worldwide has reached 2.7 trillion USD and the sector supports 65.5 million jobs, the damage caused by the Covid-19 pandemic is very significant. During the course of the world list with aviation activities in the first row in place of Turkey, it is remarkable how well it will continue to follow a path in this process. The main focus of this work, travel restrictions within the scope of the analysis of the impact on the aviation industry to collect data on air passenger traffic in Turkey in the pandemic process and to compare them with air passenger traffic in Europe. Hence, the aviation sector is of socio-economic reveals how that affected the aviation activities and to assess the socio-economic point of view in Turkey. This study, the first quarter of 2021. All the outbreaks continue to increase rapidly, the aviation sector in Turkey is the first study of the socio-economic evaluation. With the findings obtained, it is aimed that airline companies take the right decisions and determine a good policy within the scope of their exit strategies from the global crisis.
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The report examines the trends in the development of labor productivity and employment in the construction sector in Bulgaria for the period 2010-2020. These indicators are important for the development not only of this sector, but also of any other branch of the economy, because they characterize the most important resource used - labor. These indicators can be used to determine the extent to which the construction sector contributes to increasing labor productivity, as well as the way in which labor resources are used in this sector and the economy as a whole.
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The purpose of this report is to establish the degree of affordability to residential properties in the city of Varna. Indicators, price-to-income ratios and residual income were used to study the degree of affordability. The results of the analysis show that there is an extremely high unavailability of the acquisition of residential properties in the city of Varna. In some neighborhoods, the number of acquisition years calculated on the basis of price-to-income ratios varies widely from 12 to 41 years on average per person and between 5.8 and 19 years per household. Based on residual income in some of the prestigious neighborhoods it reaches over 100 years if the home is acquired by one person. The report also identifies tools that can be used to increase the availability of affordable housing.
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Effective and efficient management of the existing social housing stock is very important for the provision of affordable social housing for disadvantaged households. In Bulgaria, there are still significant housing needs that social landlords in the face of municipalities must meet. The practice of the countries of the European Union combines various forms of rent and management of social housing, through which opportunities are sought to overcome the challenges of social housing policy.
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The development of the innovation potential in the stages of residential construction is of fundamental importance for the development of the construction sector. In the last years of digitalization and information development, innovations have been present in a large part of our lives. In the construction sector, for the purposes of the study, innovations from recent years are presented at each stage of construction and implementation of a residential construction site, such as blockchain technology, data storage database or multifunctional construction robot that replaces all work of a construction worker. As a result of these innovations, the sector continues to grow and occupy an increasing market share of the country's economy.
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The purpose of this article is to examine Bulgaria’s social convergence in recent years – within the country and of the country compared to the EU. The paper’s tasks are to assess the current state of some basic social indicators and to analyze their performance both: by regions in Bulgaria and at national level compared to the European average. The methodology includes comparative, graphical and descriptive analysis based on statistical data. The main results are: an analysis of key indicators for social convergence in Bulgaria and a summary of EU’s recommendations for their improvement.
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The aim of the project “Comparative Analyses of European Identities in Business and Every- Day Behaviour” (EU-CAB) is to find out whether – regardless of the return to national state positions that has been obvious lately since the peak of the refugee movement in 2015 – a kind of European identity has been built up in the selected European nations. Furthermore, the project seeks to answer whether the perception of behaviour in these countries is similar or varies to a certain degree. The project covers the following EU member states: Finland, France, Hungary, Poland, Portugal, and Germany,1 which were selected according to political and geographical criteria. The project’s staff is multi-disciplinary, including social psychologists and sociologists, engineers, linguists, economists, mathematicians and philosophers.
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Wasta (in the Arabic literature wasta) means “intercession” or “mediation”. This concept covers a wide range of social activities. In the West it is known as clientelism, due to the existence of an informal relationship between the client (requestor of Wasta-demanding interest) and the possessor. The purpose of this paper is to analyze Wasta in an Arabic country through the three dimensions of the social capital (structural, cognitive, relational). To achieve this aim a theoretical research method was used to analyze Wasta. As a social mechanism in an Arabic country, Wasta can be considered an example of social capital, due to the fact that it contains the structural, cognitive and relational dimensions of the social capital mentioned in the literature.
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Diversity management is indicated as one of the most important challenges faced by contemporary organizations (Roberson 2019; Cletus, Mahmood, Umar and Ibrahim 2018; Januszkiewicz, Bednarska-Wnuk 2017). The ability to take advantage of diversity in the development of the communication process (Okoro, Washington 2012; Evans, Suklun 2017), interpersonal relations (Mamman, Kamoche, Bakuwa 2012), and finally cooperation, is the key factor in building organizational commitment (Luu, Rowley, Vo 2019; Ghasempour, Rahimnia, Ahanchian and Syed 2020) and a competitive advantage based on social capital (Herriot, Pemberton 1995; Han, Han, Brass 2014; Walczak 2011; Aghazadeh 2004). The aim of this chapter is to analyse the methods and tools of multicultural management in organizations including issues such as culture and multiculturalism and their impact on human behaviours in organizations, and intercultural sensitivity (Bennet, Bennet 1993; Sizoo, Plank, Iskat, Serrie 2005; Bhawuk 2009; Paige, Jacobs-Cassuto, Yershova, DeJaeghere 2003). Based on desk research, we also indicate recommendations for managers in multicultural environments.
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The aim of this chapter is to analyse diversity and inclusion (D&I) practices from the perspective of different cultures and verify if approaches towards those concepts are common or contain disparities. According to a literature analysis, approaches towards D&I vary significantly depending on the culture, mostly due to a country’s location (Western vs. Eastern), and history and values by which a nation is driven. Research conducted in an international IT company, on the contrary, shows no differences in D&I practices among cultures. Lack of diversification may be a result of the necessity to adapt to a constantly changing business world and requirements imposed on all units of an organisation to follow one coherent strategy in terms of D&I. Research limitations as well as the need for a further analysis in order to fully investigate the subject are also discussed.
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This chapter provides an insight into culture and performance appraisal practices and processes in the South African public sector. Performance appraisal is an element of performance management – a relatively new phenomenon in many African countries, which depends on western-oriented reform initiatives and is becoming increasingly more popular. Literary discussions about cultural influences on performance appraisals in South Africa and some African countries are limited. Performance appraisal is a complex process whose outcomes are used for decision-making in an organisation – to improve employee performance. This chapter concludes that many African practices, attitudes and customs affect the effective use of performance appraisals in improving employee performance in the public sector. The chapter contributes to findings regarding cultural influences on performance appraisal in the South African public sector and the African public sector in general.
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Traditional economic growth theories considered capital and labor as essential growth factors for every economy. Exogenous growth theory is centered on exogenous shocks – like new technology innovations or natural crises, such as pandemics – as major drivers or downturns of economic growth measured in capital and labor impact. Endogenous growth theory then drew attention to dynamic variable interactions between capital and labor but also endogenous growth derived from ideas, innovation and learning. Growth concepts were opened up for innovation generated in productive group interaction and learning inside firms in teams, learning-by-doing while performing tasks and learning-by-using of new technology. The outbreak of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) heightened attention for hygiene and healthcare. According to exogenous growth theory, the health risk exposure to the exogenous shock of COVID-19 differs between employees, firms, industries, environments and countries. Health of labor capital but also a risk-free working culture, environment, industry and country will flourish growth in a COVID-19-struck economy. In endogenous growth theory terms, team hygiene and group monitoring of the collective health status but also learning-to-preventing holds future economic growth potential. Applications of the presented COVID-19 adjusted growth models will be discussed with attention to inequality of growth in the digital age. Future research directions are envisioned.
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This paper represents the quintessence of our own research on the critical success factors identified by analysing the lives and deeds of 10 world leaders from an entrepreneurial perspective. In the research we looked for the answers to a series of questions such as: What defines these action people, who have calculated and taken risks to achieve the proposed objectives? What motivated these personalities to conquer minds, hearts, and territories? Where did they get the courage, they needed to act according to their dream? What were their strengths? What defines and differentiates a successful manager? Where is the boundary between the managerial style beneficial to the organization and the sinusoidal approach of the managerial path? The paper was made by substantiating these answers and developing a list of determining factors in achieving the success of an entrepreneur. The results obtained constitute a decalogue for entrepreneurs to achieve added value for the businesses they implement.
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Globally, post-event funding needs are growing, while the material and human damage caused by extreme events is constantly growing. The 2015 United Nations (UN) Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction estimated that worldwide, these extreme events cause losses of approximately $ 250-300 billion annually.Although there are now various post-event financing options (insurance, grants, loans, donations, etc.) for the population, companies or public institutions, these instruments are often not sufficient for post-event recovery and reconstruction, so many challenges remain for post-event recovery.Thus, there is often a gap between the financing needs of companies or the population and the existing financing instruments, most often the amounts needed for financing being higher than the amounts that are available through the various existing financing mechanisms.In this article we addressed the topic of post-event funding sources such as donations and highlighted that these, although they are one of the cheapest sources of funding, the support of post-event donors is often uncertain. Also, in the elaboration of this paper I used qualitative and quantitative research based on the use of methods such as Spearman correlation indicator, data processing and analysis, documenting reports, studying reference works and other studies.
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People try to control and dominate their environment or are dominated by it. This is related to how they try to handle their existence. Personal, individual life is very important in cultures where self-control is common. People are convinced that they can control nature by imposing their will. In cultures characterized by outer control, nature is considered much stronger than the individual. People see themselves as part of nature and want to live in harmony with nature. People believe that they cannot determine their own destiny, as it is influenced by external circumstances.
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The new global economy requires innovative businesses that can respond to all major challenges around the world. Innovative Entrepreneurship is an active field of research since innovation is nowadays crucial for the development of any business in the world. Policymakers are also focusing their attention on innovation in business because Innovative Entrepreneurship contributes to economic growth and job creation. To create an environment that supports Innovative Entrepreneurship it is appropriate to provide access to knowledge, labour, finance, and specific policies and regulations. Innovative Entrepreneurship has a new role in the economic development of any country that is interested in creating a competitive business environment. This paper aims to identify the most relevant research concerning Innovative Entrepreneurship and realize a bibliometric mapping of the information gathered during the investigation. To perform the bibliometric analysis was used a Scopus database which included articles related to Innovative Entrepreneurship. The processing of data has been carried out using VOS viewer, an effective tool for the visualization of bibliometric networks. The bibliometric mapping included multiple analysis such as co-authorship, citation, and co-occurrence. The results of this research can be a basis for present and future researchers who are operating in the field of entrepreneurship and who intend to investigate more thoroughly the importance of innovation for business development. Another important issue to be investigated is the development of innovative business models that can strengthen the business environment.
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