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Semiotics, image and narration. 12-th Early Fall School in Semiotics

Author(s): / Language(s): English

It is by now a tradition that the intellectual efforts of the participants at the Early Fall School in Semiotics (EFSS), organized annually by the Southeast Center for Semiotic Studies (SEECSS) at the New Bulgarian University, result in a collection of selected papers. The present volume in English and French is an outcome of the XIIth edition of the EFSS on "Semiotics, Image and Narration", held in 2006 in the town of Sozopol. It is formally divided into two parts, containing texts by 'guest lecturers' from our partner Universities in Finland, Italy and USA, as well as by 'local participants' - professors and students at the New Bulgarian University. From parchments to paper and from print to the internet, "the story of humankind has been written, and will be written upon its virtual walls" (Albertson, 1997). In the new millennium we are ever more surrounded by bulletin boards and computer networks, from advertisement banners to cyberspace. Nowadays humankind learns by watching rather than by reading or being lectured to. In order to be considered literate in the information age, the new literate person needs to be media literate as well as being proficient in literature and arithmetic.

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Teacher's Work with Computer Multimedia Technology in Music Education at Elementary and Secondary Schools in the Czech Republic

Author(s): Marek Sedláček / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In 2010 and 2011 the Department of Music (Faculty of Education, Masaryk University in Brno) conducted a nation wide extensive research based on the questionnaire addressed to all elementary and secondary schools in the Czech Republic, regarding the degree of multimedia using by teachers in music lessons (types and forms). The research also explored the musical skills of teachers and monitored their qualification. The results are presented and theoretically reflected in this study.

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To the Results of the Research on Music Attitudes to the Artistic Music of the 20th in the University Youth in the Czech Republic from the Point of View of Music Pedagogy

Author(s): Marek Sedláček / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The essay summarizes the results of the national musical-sociological research on music preferences of university students in the Czech Republic which took place in 2015-2016, with the focus on the issue of contemporary classical music. At the end of the essay, the results are considered a starting point for music pedagogy at elementary and secondary schools.

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Music Culture of Contemporary Young People in the Czech Republic

Author(s): Renata Horáková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper discusses music culture of Czech pupils and students regarding the teaching of music education, and presents some findings published in The Annual Report of the Czech School Inspectorate. Pupils learning music at elementary art and music schools end their studies after completing the first cycle and do not continue developing their skills further although this moment tends to have the greatest impact on the future direction of an individual’s development and his/her skills. Partial results from an empirical research published by a team of the Department of Music, Faculty of Education, Brno is compared with data that is continuously collected by the Czech School Inspectorate by carrying out their inspectorial duties in primary schools and elementary art and music schools to find an answer to why elementary art pupils finish their studies prematurely and why an “active producer” of music becomes a “passive listener” only. The paper also discusses the “musicality” of the Czech nation, especially young people. An insight into the folklore and traditions is provided with an emphasis on folklore elements of some regions, respectively in South Moravia.

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The Development of Music Education in the Area of Pre-School and Outof-School Pedagogy in the Czech Republic

Author(s): Terezie Čertková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The work deals with the development of music education at secondary schools of education. It investigates how the character and demands of the subject are changing in this area of education, which components of music education were crucial for the development in the field of music and the status of music education at secondary schools of education now, in connection with school legislation changes.

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National And Skin Colour Identity In Art Evaluation

Author(s): Giovanni Perillo,Stefano Mastandrea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Social identity contributes to build the self-image, generated by the awareness of belonging to a social group, reinforced by the value and the emotional meaning that the individual attributes to his/her belongingness.We present the results of two studies to understand how belonging to a social group can influence the aesthetic evaluations of artworks.These studies suggest how artworks and associated places, such as museums and art galleries, can generate social identity dynamics that influence the way people evaluate and feel about specific works of art and art contexts.

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UNDERSTANDING PARALLEL WORLDS: THE MOCKING SONG ABOUT THE KAMNIK BURGHERS

Author(s): Marija Klobčar / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The main topic of this article is the question how folk songs can help us understand social oppositions. The research is based on a case study in the central part of Slovenia, north-east from Ljubljana, in the Kamnik area. By analyzing major conflicts of the Slovene Civil War, which took place during the Second World War, the author tries to find the reasons for these oppositions. She points to the pre-War oppositions between the remote Tuhinj valley and between Kamnik, revealing the town versus countryside opposition. By studying mocking songs, many images of difference, of parallel worlds, and even of big social tensions, come to the foreground. Seeking parallel worlds in folk songs was an attempt to get an emic view. The most important key to revealing social processes was the mocking song about the Kamnik burghers. In the study of life practices in the Kamnik area, this mocking song provided an extremely informative testimony of the perception of the ‘other’. It explained oppositions not only during the time in which it was created, but also during the period when it has already become a part of tradition.

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Proměny duše v arteterapii

Author(s): Hana Stehlíková Babyrádová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Psýché – duši člověka je obtížné pozorovat, její povahu nelze přesně popsat a ještě obtížnější je ji pochopit či stanovit pro ni nějakou definici. Psychiku člověka lze přirovnat k řece, jejíž proud se neustále proměňuje, a do něhož vstupuje mnoho postranních ramen, z nichž přitékají další proudy měnící její obsahy a celkové složení. Popsat detailně principy dynamiky psychických procesů je velmi těžkým úkolem pro odborníky, jako jsou psychologové, psychiatři, pedagogové či antropologové nebo sociologové. Umělci psychiku nepopisují, ale podvědomě ji vyjadřují skrze svoje díla. V umění jsou psychické fenomény symbolizovány, a právě skrze symboly jim lze částečně porozumět. Umělci, spontánní tvůrci, ale i charismatické osobnosti zabývající se terapií uměním, mají určitou výhodu, jelikož procesuální dynamiku neustále se proměňující psýché zakoušejí v dobrodružství tvorby, která se v kontextu léčení psychických poruch stává svobodným nástrojem vyjádření niterných obsahů duše jedince.

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Přístupy k práci s archetypem v terapii uměním

Author(s): Pavel Šafář / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Objev nevědomí na počátku 20. století je připisován psychoanalýze a především jejímu zakladateli S. Freudovi, který zásadně pozměnil pohled na člověka a na jeho biologické, kulturní a společenské podmínky. Již před Freudem mnozí myslitelé pracovali s fenoménem, který měl podobné charakteristiky jako nevědomí. A. Schopenhauer mluvil o nevědomé vůli k životu, která prý v našem tajuplném nitru pohání svého služebníka – intelekt: „Vůle je jako statný slepec, který nese na svých ramenou vidoucího, ale chromého člověka. Pouze zdánlivě jsou lidé přitahováni něčím, co je před nimi, ve skutečnosti jsou poháněni zezadu. Žene je nevědomá vůle k životu.“ (Schopenhauer, 1998, cit. dle Störig, 2000, s. 387) Na tyto myšlenky navázal Friedrich Nietzsche, který rozpoznal dva estetické principy – apollinský princip dobra, krásy a řádu a princip dionýský, noční, chaotický a dynamický, ve kterém lze spatřovat jakýsi předstupeň psychologického pojmu nevědomí.

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Zprostředkování umění v galeriích dětem předškolního věku

Author(s): Magda Strouhalová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Zprostředkování umění v galerii přináší možnost nahlédnout do fantastického dětského světa skrze výtvarné umění. Budeme se snažit nalézt odpovědi na stěžejní otázky týkající se zprostředkování umění. Jak se edukační program tvoří? Co je při tvorbě programu důležité? Jaké zvolit výtvarné aktivity a jak mohu následně navázat výtvarnou činností v mateřské škole na edukační program? Pokusíme se nastínit zákulisí zprostředkování umění předškolním dětem při edukačních programech nebo při výtvarných ateliérech s rodiči a ilustrovat nejdůležitější informace a zkušenosti na konkrétních příkladech, které se odehrály v rámci konkrétních výstav. Abychom podpořili dlouhodobý aktivní zájem dítěte o umění a kulturu, je nesmírně důležité, jakým způsobem je koncipováno jeho první setkání s uměním.

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Undulační válce (inovace versus reprodukce)

Author(s): Jindřich Lukavský / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Ve výtvarné výchově nalezneme specifickou třídu učebních úloh, které jsou založeny na konfrontaci žáků s reprodukcemi nebo originály expertních uměleckých děl. S tímto modelem se velmi často setkáváme v artcentrickém pojetí výtvarné výchovy (koncepce DBAE - Discipline Based Art Education). To se zaměřuje na své „mateřské“ obory, ale i na obory směřující k poznávání výtvarného umění a esteticko-vědních pojmů (Slavík, 1997). V praxi se toto pojetí nejčastěji objevuje na základních uměleckých školách, ve středním umělecko-řemeslném vzdělávání nebo v galerijních animačních programech. Nezřídka je však výše uvedený typ úloh zařazován učiteli do výuky ve všeobecném vzdělávacím prostoru.

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Sanat Eğitiminde Çağdaş Öğretim Yöntemlerinin Öğrenme Üzerindeki Etkisi

Author(s): Tuba Şevgin / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Bu çalışmada sanat eğitimi yöntemlerinin kişinin duygu ve düşsel kapasitesini bulmasına yardımcı olması ve yaratıcı bir aşama olarak çocuğu özgür çalışmaya, özgür düşünmeye yöneltmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında öğretim yöntemleri öğrencinin ders içi motivasyonunu ve konuya yönelik hedeflenen kazanımın sağlanması yönündeki beklentileri karşılaması açısından önemlidir. Sanat eğitimi, genel eğitimin oldukça önemli bir bölümüdür. Çağdaş bir eğitim; bireyin sorgulayıcı, araştırıcı, yaratıcı, öğrendiklerini uygulayabilen özellikler kazandıran, kişilik geliştirici bir eğitimdir. Bununla alakalı olarak çağdaş eğitimde ezbere dayanan, çokça bilgi yükleyici, aktarılan bilginin değiştirilmeden benimsenmesini, ezberlenen bilgilerin tekrardan aktarılmasını öngören bir yönteme ve sisteme yer yoktur. Sanat eğitimindeki çağdaş yöntemler: kopya yöntemi, bellek eğitimi yöntemi, kolaydan zora yöntemi, psikolojik yöntem, drama yöntemi, müzikli yöntem, gösteri (demonstrasyon) yöntemi, çocuk sanatı yöntemi, sanat yoluyla eğitim yöntemi olarak verilmiştir. Bu yöntemler detaylı bir şekilde ele alınarak tanımlanmıştır. Asıl olan öğrenecek kişide öğretilmek istenenin kalıcı olması ve bir davranış değişikliğine dönüşmesidir. Öyle ise öğretim esnasında en uygun yöntemi seçmek, öğretmenin alan bilgisine, eğitim formasyonuna ve yaratıcılığına kalmaktadır.

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Sosyolojik Bir İnceleme: Sanatta Yaratıcılığın Yok Olması, ‘Yapay Zekâ ile Duygusuz Sanat

Author(s): Nuran Öze,Hasan Yurdbekler / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Art is the event of willingly and consciously transferring an emotion that manifests in humans. Considering that with art raises and exalts the human soul; art is related to human inspiration and creativity. As a result of the changing social structures with the modernization process, mass culture influenced art. In this study, it is thought that art, which has a unique structure, does not fit into a utilitarian pattern in its essence, however, it transforms into a kind of good with the spread of mass culture, and with that, the creativity of art in a utilitarian identity has deeply affected. Artificial intelligence, which enters all areas of life and affects human life, has begun to manifest itself in many areas requiring emotion, including the art field. The art is associated with emotion, however, the commodification of the concepts of inspiration and creativity together with modernization on the basis of popular culture has deepened and has changed dimensions with the presence of artificial intelligence in the field of art. In art, which is the expression of human emotion, it is thought that artificial intelligence is a kind of replication, not inspiration, to attempt to perform art through software installed to itself away from emotion and creativity. The study sought to answer the question of whether art can be performed emotionally with the development of technology based on the literature reviews. As a result, it is thought that high art, which has lost much of its essence with mass culture, will negatively affect art, artistic production, and the artist in the near future with the existence of artificial intelligence enabling and attempting to perform art. Without emotion, the meaning of art will lose, rather than change.

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Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde Çağdaş Seramik Sanatının Gelişim Süreci

Author(s): Selda Alp,Aysel Kürtoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Ceramics, which has taken place in human life in Anatolia since the Neolithic period, has reached the present day by taking shape and developing according to the lifestyle of the societies it belongs to. Ceramic, which takes place in human life as functional architectural elements and auxiliary materials, has become a material that draws attention by painting and sculpture artists in the middle of the 20th century and is used to embody emotions and thoughts, by getting rid of functionality. The modernization process of ceramics, which developed with this European-centered innovation in the use of ceramics, was also reflected in Turkey, and ceramic production, which has a deep-rooted history in Anatolia, took on a new face. In the 1950s, ceramic works began to be produced by contemporary Turkish ceramic artists, which developed in parallel with Europe, completely moved away from the functional aspect, and completely embodied forms of artistic expressions. The adventure of contemporary Turkish ceramics continues today, thanks to ceramic artists, who show creativity and productivity in the country and around the world.

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Türk Halk Giyim Kuşamında Kullanılan Suzeni Tekniği ile İşlenmiş Uçkur Örnekleri

Author(s): Şerife Doğan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

İnsanların örtünme hissinin insan üzerinde büyük etkisi olmuştur. Hem insanların estetik değerlere olan bakış açısını değiştirmiş hem de süsleme kültürünü ortaya çıkarmıştır. Asıl maksadı bedeni muhafaza etmek olan giyim, toplumun kültürel değerlerini, sosyo-ekonomik yapısını, yaşadığı coğrafyayı, kullanılan malzemeleri, iklimi, inançları vb. yansıtır. Zamanla faktörlere göre şekillenmiş ve biçim, malzeme, kullanım ve süsleme özellikleri bakımından çeşitlenmiştir

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Lákání k hravosti (aspekt hry ve výtvarném umění)

Author(s): Kateřina Plesníková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Nikdy dříve se v umění nevěnovalo tolik pozornosti dětskému projevu jako ve dvacátém století. Průkopníci moderny, jako byl například Pablo Picasso, obdivovali své kolegy, kteří si v tvorbě dokázali zachovat spontánnost a opravdovost. Picasso například ctil Henriho Rousseaua. Malíř, jehož tvorba se přímo označuje jako naivní umění, tvořil s tak živým a opravdovým zaujetím, že se bál tygra, kterého namaloval v džungli.

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Neobyčejné obyčejnosti (inspirace tvorbou studentů katedry výtvarné výchovy)

Author(s): Marta Kovářová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Cizím slovem fosílie jsou označovány zkamenělé i nezkamenělé zbytky a otisky dávno vyhynulých organismů. Mnohdy se též za fosílie považují stopy po činnosti těchto organismů – otisky končetin, drobné dírky po vrtání či cestičky po lezení. „Aktuální fosílie“, jak jsme akci nazvali, pro nás výtvarníky dnes znamenají zatvrdliny po stopách současně žijících organismů na fakultě.

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Animace je legrace

Author(s): Jana Francová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Citát, který jste právě četli, napsal Herbert Read ve své knize „Výchova uměním“, která poprvé vyšla v Londýně roku 1958. Situace ve školství se od té doby značně zlepšila a současnou realitu bych nepopsala přívlastkem „mučivá“, přesto se přidávám k základní myšlence citátu, kterou je pokora. Tato kapitola skromně navrhuje určité postupy a náměty, které slouží jako inspirace a mohou vyústit v hravé projekty s dětmi. Kromě rozvoje výtvarné a komunikační stránky dítěte, rozvinete tytéž schopnosti i u dítěte skrytého v nás samotných. A doufám, že si užijete i legraci.

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Digital curator at the museum of fine arts

Author(s): Lukáš Pilka / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

If we examine a painting in a gallery, we can see it contains an array of different things. When we are looking at it from a distance, we are likely to be drawn to its dimensions or overall composition. When we edge closer, we discern the abstract style of the painting, our eyes follow the lines, surfaces, edges and shapes. When the style of the painting is representative, we start to explore a motif, a figure or the elements and how they are spatially arranged. In the case of a portrayal of a human being, our eyes will naturally turn to the face, the features and gestures depicted, the position of the body or the attributes of the figure. We might also be intrigued by the creative style, the schematic aspect of the image, or the specifics that emerge from the artist’s handwork, such as brushstrokes, contrasts, or the color scheme; we might even pay attention to the unique and defining artistic signature.

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Etyczny i ekonomiczny przymus pracy artysty na przykładzie refleksji Józefa Czapskiego

Author(s): Małgorzata Krakowiak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article illustrates the experience of Józef Czapski’s activity as painter, writer and soldier. This experience was presented in two aspects: part one shows the reconstruction of the artist work method basic on archival notes from his diaries, referring to the paintings – special pressure put on representative, 69 volume; second part describes philosophical Czapski’s deliberations on the work problematics. The article shows the influence of significant readings, written by Stanisław Brzozowski, Cyprian Norwid and Simone Weil, on personal Czapski’s rethinking, referring to sense and target of creation process. “Work coercion” in the title (used by Weil) means the physical effort as well necessary element of man’s interior growth/development: it is the problem of responsibility. It influences the creation of reality and allows saving the human dignity. It is essential component of Czapski’s work ethic.

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