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The author of the monograph Soul, Body and the Taboo investigates the hypotheses of two German scholars of the first half of the 20th century: Franz Specht and Wilhelm Havers, according to whom, one of the Pre-Indo-European formatives—the formative *u—was at its roots deeply connected with the sacred and the supernatural. For that reason, the formative was included in the words denoting objects of sacred, dangerous, supernatural or taboo nature. In her search of the echoes of the formative *u, the author focuses predominantly on the analysis of those body parts which, according to the English philologists James G. Frazer and Richard B. Onians, were supposed to be regarded by thePre-Indo-Europeans as the vessels of the soul, the main object of the taboo. Apart from that, the author analyses the names of organs which played vital parts in the practices of the haruspices, as well as those body parts which could arouse fear due to either the virulent forces residing within them or magical and apotropaic character. The etymological study focuses first and foremost on Latin nomenclature. However, the author refers also to Pre-Indo-European nomenclature and the current state of other Indo-European languages. Theetymological analysis is further strengthened through the cultural study of the beliefs and superstitions of ancient Romans, which they might have inherited from their ancestors.
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The publication presents results of ethnographic research of holidays of 21st Century in Slovakia. The original empirical findings described in the different chapters of this monograph present opinions of authors through the study of specific holidays on their current social functions, and outline the picture of the Slovak society in the 21st century in the mirror of these holidays. Particular parth of the publication focuses on three chosen holidays: Anniversary of the Slovak National Uprising (SNP), Christmas and Halloween. Specifically we observe the legislative preparation and changes of the Holiday Act.
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The purpose of this research was to identify common and distinct factors of resilience or vulnerability to violent extremism in Bosnian communities as well as the influence of key actors on those factors. Cantons selected as case studies had the highest number of parajamaats and foreign fighter departures, such as Sarajevo Canton (SC) and Zenica-Doboj Canton (ZDC), or had no parajamaats or departures, such as Bosnian-Podrinje Canton (BPC). The research sought to answer three main questions: 1) What are key factors of community resilience or vulnerability, and what factors are linked to the development of violent extremist beliefs by individuals and groups and the choice to join foreign violent extremist groups? 2) Which key actors influence community vulnerability or resilience to violent extremism, and how do they shape such dynamics? 3) What is the impact of existing PVE programmes and initiatives in BiH on factors of community vulnerability or resilience to violent extremism? Researchers also wanted to determine: What are the primary entry points for PVE programming and response in BiH? And what crossover exists between PVE activities and peacebuilding and reconciliation efforts in BiH? This research identified several factors and actors that contribute to the degree to which certain communities in BiH have been affected or unaffected by radicalisation. The history of the 1992–1995 war has especially played a decisive role in shaping post-conflict radicalisation processes. This is true both in terms of how wartime actors and activities sowed the seeds of the Salafist movement in BiH and how wartime networks in certain communities increased the likelihood of investment by specific foreign actors in the post-war period. While researchers found that all these communities share some characteristics, including a lack of trust in institutions and a sense of uncertainty about the future, the main differences between affected and unaffected communities are linked to the war.
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I started writing this book with only one purpose – to define all civilizational concepts. What is the meaning of civilization, art, religion or language? These concepts have been discussed in thousands of books, hundreds of different definitions, but till today there has been no accepted general definition of any of them. Not even for the concept of civilization! There was only one way to set about defining these concepts – to trace their origins, to understand how and why each of them, separately, arose. Why has art become a necessity for humanity? Why were people forced to speak? Why, why and why? At the beginning I was thinking with my brain, an ordinary, Homo sapiens brain, about what I would do if I were living in the conditions of prehistoric people. Why would I speak, why would I draw, why would I cook? And all this led me to the same dead end that I had read about in the books. It was then I understood there had been a mistake. I realized that my way of thinking was the wrong way round. None of the primitive people decided to tame animals, because nobody knew what a tame animal was. None of the primitive people decided to talk, because nobody knew what a language was. None of the primitive people decided to cook, to draw, to get dressed, to formulate religions, because nobody knew what food preparation, art, clothes or religion were. So, how has man created these conditions? The answer is very simple: unconsciously!
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Společnost je různorodá, a to hned z několika hledisek. Ať už se bavíme o pohlaví, věku, zdraví, etnickém či náboženském vyznání, politické příslušnosti, lidé jsou různí. Některé z charakteristik si svobodně volíme, s některými se rodíme, tak či onak bychom za ně neměli být potrestaní pouze z toho důvodu, že se možná v daný okamžik odlišujeme od většiny. Třeba tím, že máme více dětí, než je běžné, nebo nezvyklé náboženské vyznání. Prvotním dojmem při setkání s něčím novým, neznámým, občas bývá obava. Bojíme se, že to, co neznáme, by nás mohlo nějak omezovat. Aniž bychom měli nějakou zkušenost, apriori zavíráme dveře před něčím, co neznáme. Touto publikací otevíráme téma diverzity a rovnosti šancí, specifickou pozornost věnujeme náboženské rozmanitosti. Chtěli bychom přispět k zamyšlení ještě před pomyslným zavřením dveří. Znakem svobodné společnosti je možnost veřejné diskuze. Díky diskuzi přicházíme na to, jak obohacující je uvědomovat si odlišné perspektivy a potřeby, a setkáváme se s novými pohledy na věc. V době, kdy se Česká republika z izolované totalitní země typické spíš emigrací posunula přes tranzitní stát směrem na západ k zemi s narůstajícím podílem migrantů a migrantek, je potřeba reagovat na to, co s sebou taková proměna přináší. Vzedmutá vlna odporu vůči v Česku málo zastoupenému náboženství islámu je jedním z důvodů, proč je potřeba, aby vycházely publikace jako je ta, kterou právě držíte v rukou. K tématu se snažíme přistoupit z pohledu zaměstnavatele a nabídnout konstruktivní pohled na to, jak s diverzitou na pracovišti pracovat tak, aby byla přínosem a vedla ke spolupráci a respektu, namísto primitivního vymezování se. [...]
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The monograph “Gods’ Ways. Interpreting Religions and Nationalism in Modern Japan” deals with the role of religious phenomena in the process of forming the national identity in modern Japan, with the problem to identify and interpret these phenomena. The introductory chapter is concerned with the issue of defining the theoretical and methodological frame of the thesis. It characterizes the study of religions as a critical social science. Referring to Jonathan Z. Smith, the author deals with the concept of religion as with an analytical category and treats this concept as a social construction originating in the context of Western, Euro-American culture. The thesis is also occupied with the questionof identifying religious phenomena in the context of Japan. It deals with the theories of secularization, with the process of defining religious and secular domains, as well as with the concepts of nation in social sciences. It concerns the subject of implicit religions, finding the theories of implicit religions to be rather vague and inadequate for analyzing religious phenomena in modern Japan. In the conclusion to the chapter, the author proposes the definition of “religion” based on Benson Saler’s concept of tracing “family resemblances” of the phenomena classified as religious. Second chapter deals with the topic of interpreting and systematizing religious phenomena in Japan. It concentrates on the concepts of Shinto and Japanese religion in the works of H. Byron Earhart, Karel Werner, Thomas P. Kasulis, Joseph M. Kitagawa, and Isaiah Ben-Dasan.
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This book shares papers from a conference taking a deeper look at the victims of ISIS and beyond that all religious minorities of Iraq. This is the first book that considers all the religious minorities that existed in modern Iraq, including both historic communities and new groups that recently came with labour migration, especially to the Autonomous Region of Kurdistan. The book resulted from a conference in 2018 organized exactly at the site of the Simele Massacre in 1933. The campus of the American University of Kurdistan is located on the site of the first big massacre against a religious minority in Iraq. The conference entitled ‘Beyond ISIS: Minorities and Religious Diversity in Iraq and the Future of Êzîdî, Christians, Shabak, Yarsan, Mandeans and other Religious Minorities in the Middle East’ brought together Iraqi and international scholars, activists, and religious and community representatives. This book contains papers presented at the conference that included contributions on Iraq’s religious diversity and the historical and contemporary consequences of genocide and persecution on the religious minorities of Iraq.
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The book brings an original presentation of unique materials from the mid- 1970s which have not been published in an English language monograph so far. It contains a visual analysis of historical photographs from Buryatia and Tibet and the analysis of author's own field observations and recordings of interviews.
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"The monograph focuses the onset of the Latin written culture in Bohemia and Moravia, especially its sources. Its focus lies on the presentation of manuscript fragments of the early medieval era, which were usually excluded from the codicological discourse or marginalised; most of them are published for the first time. The intrusion of the Latin caroline script in the Bohemian lands is presented on the base of a complex palaeographical and codicological anlysis as a phenomenon, that accompanied the Latin trend of christianisation, which came into the central Danubian region from the ecclesiastical centres of Bavaria during the IXth Cent. From mid-11th century on, the preserved sources show an important transformation: the initial passivity (i. e. dependence of the Bohemian lands upon the import of books from other countries) is transforming into an active participation of Bohemia in the transcriptions of Latin texts. In this period the oldest identifiable scribe school in the Bohemian lands can be traced – the scriptorium in Břevnov monastery founded during the long abbotship of Meginhardus. The book includes coloured pictures of all relevant sources including diagrams visualising the codicological conclusions; codicological and palaeographical registers are added."
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Elinizdeki bu kitap, Türkiye’den yurt dışına göç eden insanların bulundukları ülkelerdeki göçmenlik halleri üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmada alanlarında uzman on akademisyen tarafından, Almanya, Fransa, Hollanda, Avusturya, Belçika, Danimarka, İsveç, Norveç, İngiltere ve Amerika’da yerleşik Türk göçmenlerin kültürel, sosyal, ekonomik, etnik ve dinsel yaşam tecrübeleri bütüncül bir bakışla ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca her bir bölüm, Türk göçmenler tarafından tesis edilen dinî sivil örgütlenmeler etrafında şekillenen dinsel yaşam tecrübeleri üzerine sosyolojik analizleri de ihtiva etmektedir.
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Sociology as the main concern appears in the works included in the book Razumijevanje društva (Understanding of society) which arised as a result of academic teamwork and cooperation. One of the goals for making and publishing this book is to focus on some of the principal areas of sociology in the manner that it will include the scientific and research fields of the authors of the Department of Sociology, Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Sarajevo. The book represents theoretical insights into some of the most important sociological disciplines. In the context of sociological perspectives, the works include the nature and understanding of society, a theory of society with a focus on the approach to sociology as a specific science with its subject and methods. From the point of view of the individual in society, the works are conceived in a way to present the relationship between culture and society, the field of sociology of violence and to give theoretical explanations about society as a system and structure. The third chapter of the book covers three units, namely social inequalities and poverty, society and population, and rural and urban society. Furthermore, the segment of social institutions emphasizes the relations of education, religion and politics and society, as well as the issues of the modern family and tradition. The section on the human environment implies reflections on social changes in general, but also on changes in the modern world, social ecology and research issues of ethnology / social anthropology. The book ends with an article on the development of sociology in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We hope that this book will fulfill its mission of better understanding social reality in both traditional and modern theoretical framework and in that sense will be useful to students of sociology emphasizing the important emancipatory role of sociology.
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Još su prije 4–5 tisuća godina u zapadnoazijskim ratarskim društvima „vođeni spiskovi inventara, stanovnika (da bi se moglo oporezovati i slati u rat), džakova žita, robova i tako dalje“ (Eriksen 2003: 54). Biblija nas upoznaje i s popisom stanovništva u Rimskom carstvu. Što je onda popis stanovništva pa je tako značajan za državu i društvo? Mogli bismo reći kako je popis stanovništva neka vrsta opisa demografskog i ekonomskog stanja društva u određeno vrijeme (broj kućanstava, stambenih objekata, poljoprivrede…). Tako dobiveni podaci služe i za usporedbu s podacima iz ranijih „stanja društva“, kao i za demografske i ekonomske procjene što bi moglo slijediti u danom društvu. Za popis stanovništva se temeljito pripremaju popisni obrasci, obavlja se obuka popisivača kako bi se popis obavio što uspješnije. Kod sastavljanja pitanja u popisnom listu, uvijek se vode debate kakvu tipologiju odgovora ponuditi. Recimo, kod nacionalne pripadnosti nude se odgovori „Bošnjak“, „Hrvat“, „Srbin“ i „Ostali“. Ili kod pitanja o konfesionalnoj pripadnosti nude se modaliteti odgovora „katolik“, „musliman“, „pravoslavni“, „Ostali“.
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Fondacija Boris Divković formirana je u ljeto 2013. godine u Sarajevu. Ideja osnivača je da se kroz rad Fondacije što veći broj mladih ljudi, kako u našoj zemlji tako i u regiji, upozna i uči odgovornoj političkoj teoriji i praksi. Iako Fondacija djeluje na socijalno liberalnim polazištima, odlučilo se ovim obrazovnim procesom obuhvatiti i mlade ljude koji su dijelom različitih organizacija, političkih ili nevladinih, drugačijih ubjeđenja, ali i one koji individualno žele unaprijediti svoja znanja o političkoj kulturi. Pitanje sprege morala i politike bilo je od velike važnosti za našeg kolegu Borisa Divkovića i upravo je jedna od prvih značajnijih aktivnosti Fondacije organizacija Akademije političke odgovornosti u kojoj su učestvovali mladi brojnih političkih orijentacija i profila. U novembru 2016. godine održana je treća Akademija političke odgovornosti, a zbog velikog interesa polaznika u maju ove godine organiziran je i njen drugi modul. Teme su obuhvatile: opšti pojam političke kulture, njen razvoj i važnost, dominantnu paradigmu regionalne političke kulture iz perspektive koncepcije svjetskog etosa, religiju kao podcjenjeno mjesto političke socijalizacije. Razgovarali smo o ekonomiji u području politike, kulturi sjećanja. Također, predstavljeni su globalni politički portreti ličnosti poput Vaclava Havela i Wangari Muta Maathai, te regionalni politički portreti kao što su: Zoran Đinđić, Vlado Gotovac, Bogić Bogićević I Boris Divković. Drugi modul išao je detaljno u političko-ekonomske paradigme sa stajališta svjetskog etosa, religiozne socijalne nauke, itd. Posebna pažnja posvećena je ekološkim temama.
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Mjesto i uloga sociologije u bosanskohercegovačkom društvu : zbornik / priredio Ivan Cvitković. - Sarajevo : Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine : Fakultet političkih nauka, 2010. - 94 str.
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This book focuses on togetherness within a Chinese traditional family. Step by step, the specific structure of this kind of family, and the set of social codes and regulations it uses, unfolds. Although what is being discussed is an ideal image of a family, it has to be taken into account as the model which real families follow. In eight chapters, specific cultural and social phenomena are described, being, in the realm of the living: family, matrimony, and child-rearing; in the realm of the dead: ancestor worship, funeral rites, and visions of afterlife; and finally on the spiritual level, folk religion, traditional festivities, and attempts to change one’s destiny. For better understanding, the text is supplemented with pictures.
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In twelve chapters, this publication describes the results of the research of two Czech and two Polish authors devoted to the Czechs and Poles in Ukraine in the 20th century. From the Czech side, it describes the existing historiography devoted to the Czechs in Ukraine, then deals with their lives in the territory under Russian domination (especially in Volyn, Kiev and the Crimea), in the territory that between the two world wars belonged to Poland (Western Volyn, eastern Galicia), Czechoslovakia (Carpathian Ruthenia) and Romania (northern Bukovina). Chapters by Polish authors are problematic and relate to the national consciousness of Poles in Ukraine, their living conditions, their number and deployment, education, religious life, community organizations and the press.
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Interdisciplinary studies in social sciences have become widespread. This interaction, which is pleasing in scientific terms, brings new horizons to researchers. Of course, the working boundaries of each discipline are clear, but interdisciplinary studies also make serious contributions to the field as they realize a division of labor. Nowadays, the work of scientists with multiple understanding is prioritized rather than a single type of social scientist worldwide. It can be said that the harmony of different disciplines is also important for the personal development of researchers. For example, it is good for historians researching Ottoman history to work together, but maximum efficiency can be achieved with the contribution of sociologists, philosophers, political scientists and international relations experts. Therefore, interdisciplinary work can be applied not only in scientific indexed works but also in education. Offering multiple interdisciplinary courses in social sciences at universities can ensure that our future generations have an analytical mindset. For example, political science and sociology courses could be offered in the History undergraduate program. In this study, an important work was tried to be obtained from the combination of different disciplines. I owe a debt of gratitude to everyone who contributed to bringing this work together. I hope it will be a multifaceted work that can help scholars who want to work interdisciplinary.
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Ovaj zbornik pod nazivom Feminizam i religija u 21. stoljeću: tehnologija, dijalog i širenje granica predstavlja pionirsko izdanje. Razne autorice pišu o transformacijskim efektima komunikacijskih tehnologija, internetu, blogovima i društvenim medijima, poput Twittera i Facebooka, u zajednicama žena i muškaraca koji se bave religijom i feminizmom. Žene su izuzetno uključene u digitalni svijet jer dominiraju blogovima, a predstavljaju većinu ukupnih korisnika društvenih medija. Ti mediji razbijaju granice, komuniciraju globalno i preko brojnih podjela, a ženama dozvoljavaju da se bave različitim pitanjima polazeći od vlastitog iskustva.
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“In this book, we have named the phenomena neoreligion and reactivation. Neoreligion does not mean a change inside institutionalised religion, it does not correspond to some kind of dogmatic creative crisis, which would bring established religious groups to claim to create something new while only dusting out ancient components of their religion. It is not to confuse, either, with some kind of religious nostalgia, a desire to return to the origins or foundations of a religion. Such a dynamic can be observed with the born-again phenomena – obvious in the spheres of monotheistic religions – that is individual religious revivalism of people who are often searching for a supposedly original orthodoxy.Neoreligion, on the contrary, is the phenomenon where, outside existing religions, new religions are created, but not from nothing: they are reactivated in a new form. They take their roots – or at least claim to do so – in traditional or ancient beliefs and adopt some of the imagined traditional behaviours. The movement, therefore, is one of transformation, since it is a takeover of the old. But this change does not simply follow the logic of the old: there is also a dimension of novelty, of creation.This volume is dedicated to studying these phenomena: describing and analysing their various appearances, uncovering their logic and dynamics, shedding light on the motivations of followers, and discussing their consequences.”
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