Wybrane aspekty taoistycznej praktyki wéiwúwéi

Author(s): Wacław Romer / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

The article aims to explore some aspects of the wéiwúwéi (Ⅽ↓Ⅽ) practice recommended by the DàodéjÎng byexamining it in various contexts. Five theses are postulated: (1) we read in the DàodéjÎng about an ontological principle which states that the functionality of the entity is determined by its structure which is a nonentity; (2) wéiwúwéi can be performed by inspiring by personal example; (3) wéiwúwéi can be realized as a result of a transcendental orpsychological transformation of the subject by liberating the agent from conditions; (4) wéiwúwéi can be performed as permission for the errors of one's subordinates; (5) The ideal ruler as proposed by the DàodéjÎng is characterized by low time preference.

Još jednom o mišljenju egzistencije

Author(s): Jugoslav Vuk Tepić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01+02/2014

Contemplation of existence as a concrete human situation in the world has been forever present in the philosophical thinking, even when it was not explicitly intended so by the philosopher. It is similar with stating the con¬templated issue using the metaphoric language. That presents two impossi¬ble-to-bypass characteristics with reference to every individual philosophy of existence. Many others shall be pointed to, in order to place our contemplation in between subject and science, i.e. existence and philosophy. Discussion shall take its course through the reflection on basic classification of philosophy of existence in general, as well as over contemporary thinking, philosophical and non-philosophical, in which one spots more important characteristics of this contemplation milieu.

Фантастическое невидимое

Author(s): Irina Golovacheva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2016

The article focuses on the case proving that the emphasized absence of certain visual image in the text accentuates the meanings which can be deciphered only by correlating the visible with the invisible. The plot of the famous comedy Harvey (1943) by Mary Chase centers around an invisible protagonist. The oversized rabbit Harvey is initially perceived as Elwood P. Dowd’s hallucination. The anthropomorphic rabbit – either Dowd's ghostly double or a supernatural trickster (phooka) – influences each and every character of this philosophical comedy. It is Harvey's ambiguous ontological status that ensures the reader’s and the viewer’s hesitation and anxiety about his interpretation. Among other things, the presence of the invisible rabbit in the play allows us to interpret this comic story as one of the earliest anti-psychiatry narratives in literature.

WSTĘP

Author(s): Rafał Ilnicki,Tomasz Załuski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 31/2015

Introduction: We wstępie do angielskiego przekładu książki Félixa Ravaissona De l'habitude (1838), Catherine Malabou wskazuje, że w europejskiej tradycji filozoficznej występują dwa zasadnicze sposobu ujęcia zagadnienia habitusu – nawyku [Malabou 2008, VII]. Pierwszy, zainicjowany przez Arystotelesa i kontynuowany przez filozofów średniowiecznych, a następnie podjęty przez Hegla i rozwinięty w filozofii francuskiej – przez takich filozofów, jak Maine de Biran, Félix Ravaisson czy Henri Bergson – skłania do interpretacji habitusu w kategoriach ontologicznych. Jest on ontologicznym prawem, które określa bycie bytów podlegających zmianie, czasowych, skończonych i kontyngentnych. (...)

The dispute between Gilson and Maritain over Thomist realism

Author(s): Stephen Chamberlain / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

This paper considers the proper location and function of critique in establishing a Thomist realism. The author begins by providing a brief explanation of Étienne Gilson’s understanding of critique and why he thinks a “critical realism” is incoherent. Next, the author considers the criticisms made by John Knasas who, from a Gilsonian perspective, argues that Jacques Maritain employs a version of the transcendental method of retorsion in order to justify his realism. Finally, the author offers a Maritainian response to Knasas in which it is argued that Maritain’s account provides a via media between the Transcendental Thomists, on the one hand, and the strict Aristotelian or a posteriori Thomists, on the other.

The interior of things: The origami of being

Author(s): Levi R. Bryant / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

In The Interior of Things: The Origami of Being Bryant develops a critique of object-oriented philosophy and its thesis that objects are withdrawn from one another or never touch. Arguing that such a position is ultimately incoherent, Bryant instead proposes an ontology of folds and folding in which the minimal unit of existence is conceived as the fold between thing and field such that things interiorize the field out of which they emerge. In this way Bryant is able to account for relationality among beings while also maintaining their irreducible singularity resulting from the unique way in which things pleat their world. What emerges is a profoundly ecological conception of existence in which beings are perpetually pleating their world.

The ontology of destiny and freedom among the Igbo-African: a discourse in existential metaphysics

Author(s): Nelson Udoka Ukwamedua,Victor Omokpo / Language(s): English Issue: XXVIII/2016

From an existential and metaphysical standpoint, the African world is dualised into the physical and metaphysical world. This is bald-faced in the dynamics of the relationship that characterizes the African worldview. In praxis, the metaphysical world is seen to be higher in the scheme of things because, it is from it that the impersonal beings/forces operate and superintend on the physical world of man. It is based on this that the twin issue of destiny and freedom is topical and recurrent in Igbo-African metaphysics. The concern is whether man can be free in the physical world, which seems to be a manifestation of the will/wishes and/or the whims and caprices of the beings/forces in the metaphysical world. It is consequent upon this that this paper undertook an existential analysis of these contending issues of freedom and destiny within the Igbo-African context. From the analysis, it was palpable that, though there can be manipulations from the metaphysical world which can bring about luck (good or ill), the Igbo-African is expected to make effort to excel and work responsibly with his chi; because, a man can have a good or bad luck but his/her practical effort is still expedient.

Bóg Jako „Ty Wieczne”. Dialogiczna Filozofia Boga Martina Bubera

Author(s): Karol Jasiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXIV/2012

The paper concerns Martin Buber’s idea of God as “eternal Thou”. This concept is typical of the dialogical phase of his philosophy. His inspiration came from religion (judaism and christianity). First of all, for Buber, God is a mystery. The main purpose of man was the entrance into the existential relationship with the revealing God, who was described as “eternal Thou”, “absolute Person” and “Ground of being”. A man can dialogue with Him through the different beings. Buber’s ideas are very close to panentheism. In Buber’s work we have the problem of the “becoming” God. The solution of this question is not on the ontological level but on the moral one – God “becomes” through the dialogical life of the man in the world.

Kriza objekta

Author(s): Gevork Hartoonian / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2017

Ove riječi Romana Guardinija čak ni danas na pragu stoljeća nisu izgubile svoju zavodljivost. Poput mnogih mislioca svog doba, Guardini se naizgled obraća osjetljivom problemu kulturalnog naslijeđa i načinima na koji njegovi temelji trebaju biti uzdrmani i prilagođeni zahtjevima "sadašnjosti".

РЕЦЕНЗИЯ НА КНИГУ В. Б. МЕЛАСА «ПЕРЕЖИВАНИЕ И СОБЫТИЕ. ФИЛОСОФСКИЕ ОЧЕРКИ»

Author(s): Andrei Patkul / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The basic notions explicated in the book Living Experience and the Concept of Event by V. Melas, are emphasized in this review.The reviewer believes that the main achievement of the author is the introduction of the notion of interval of consciousness into contemporary phenomenology. The reviewer also provides a profound analysis of distinction between living experience and action which are the types of interval in consciousness. Moreover, Melas touches upon relations between logical and historical,between world and event. Some concepts used by the author, e. g. the notion of fact, are criticized by reviewer. As a conclusion,the reviewer advises the reader to read this book.

Обзор международной конференции VI Российский философский конгресс «Философия в современном мире: Диалог мировоззрений». Секция «Философская онтология-1» 27–30 июня 2012 г. Нижний Новгород

Author(s): Andrei Patkul / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2012

Participants of the conference attempted to define the place of ontology in the historic-philosophical tradition as well as in modern philosophical thought: from redefining its role as main philosophical discipline to specification of the meaning of the term “ontology” and defining its subject. A number of reports touched on such topics as ontological grounds of consciousness, correlation of ontology and dialectics, ontology and transcendentalism, nature of time as the basis of ontology; idea of ontology not as philosophical science among others, but instead as what is related to representation and is even before the formation of science.

Die Diskussion über die Unauflöslichkeit der Ehe im Zusammenhang mit dem nachsynodalen apostolischen Schreiben Amoris laetitia Einige offene Fragen

Author(s): Marian Machinek / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2017

The indissolubility of sacramental marriage has been over the centuries the crucial point of the teaching of the Catholic Church about marriage based on the Jesus’ expressions about marriage and divorce. The indissolubility of marriage can be understood in a twofold manner. The first dimension is the moral indissolubility which means a serious moral obligation of being faithful towards the husband. Marriage should not be dissolved but in fact it is dissolved in an increasing number of Christian couples. But there is also the second dimension – the ontological indissolubility. Being a creation of God the sacramental marriage cannot be dissolved, even if the relationship breaks apart. Though Pope Francis emphasizes that the Church’s teaching about marriage remains unchanged, some passages of the Papal Letter cannot be interpreted clearly. As a result, the statements of the particular bishop conferences as well as the guidelines launched by some bishops concerning the pastoral care of divorced and remarried couples are ambiguous. The author of the article stands for the integral keeping of the entire teaching of the church about the indissolubility of the sacramental marriage in every new proposal for the pastoral care of people living in “irregular” situations.

Le néant contre l'être

Author(s): Răzvan Enache / Language(s): French Issue: 27/2021

À contretemps

Author(s): Emmanuelle Bruyas / Language(s): French Issue: 27/2021

Eleatic Ontology in Aristotle: Introduction

Author(s): DAVID BRONSTEIN,FABIÁN MIÉ / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The introduction summarizes the six new papers collected in Volume 1, Tome 5: Eleatic Ontology and Aristotle. The papers take a fresh look at virtually every aspect of Aristotle’s engagement with Eleaticism. They are particularly concerned with Aristotle’s responses to Parmenidean monism, the Eleatic rejection of change, and Zeno’s paradoxes. The contributions also focus on the ways in which Aristotle developed several of his own theories in metaphysics and natural science partly in reaction to Eleatic puzzles and arguments.

An Ontology for the In-Between of Motion: Aristotle’s Reaction to Zeno’s Arguments

Author(s): Michel Crubellier / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This paper proposes an interpretation of Books V and VI of Aristotle’s Physics as being (at least partly) a reaction to Zeno’s four “arguments against motion” that Aristotle expounds and discusses in Phys. VI 9. On the basis of a detailed textual analysis of that chapter, I show that Zeno’s arguments rest on a frame of a priori notions such as part and whole, in contact, between, limit, etc., which Aristotle takes over in order to account for the inner structure (here called “the In-Between”) common to all facts of motion and change. That frame allows him to develop a specific ontology for that inner structure – although it exists only potentially according to the Aristotelian orthodoxy – because he needs such an ontology in order to vindicate the reality of motion and change.

Introduction: Metahuman Futures Forum and Ontological Therapies

Author(s): Jaime Del Val,Çağdaş Dedeoğlu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This special issue is dedicated to the 1st Metahuman Futures Forum held in Lesvos on 1-2 October 2022, as part of the Bodynet-Khorós project co-funded by the European Union[1] and contains part of the theoretical research of the project. The issue comprises a collection of seven papers, a book review, and the Metahuman Futures Manifesto, all of which contribute to the understanding of metahumanism and its relationship with posthumanism and transhumanism in the age of planetary holocaust.

FUKOOVA KRITIČKA ONTOLOGIJA

Author(s): Branko Romčević / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

In this paper, we deal with Foucault’s interpretation of Kant’s understanding of Aufklärung and critique, following first reactions to his later interest in these topics. Then we present the textual situation through which Foucault’s attitude towards Kant was determined, starting with his supplementary thesis from 1961, through the ninth chapter of Order of Things (1966), and up to the text „What is Enlightenment?” from 1984. In addition, we find that the central was his lecture given in 1978, which was published in 1990. In contains several motifs from Order of Things (related to the question of epistemic coercion), and through the interpretation of Kant’s Aufklärung as critical attitude, a line of thought was opened that leads to the essay from Foucault’s last year. The accent of the exposition is placed on Foucault’s combination of Aufklärung and criticism with archaeology and genealogy, and on showing not only the face but, understood in a Foucauldian way, the other side of those connections. After that, we come to Foucault’s examination of interpreting Aufklärung as a position of critical ontology that will explore the possibilities of transgressing the limits set for us. Finding that Foucault’s late approach to Kant is largely conditioned by his genealogical views and analysis of governance/resistance relationship, we conclude that Foucault did not become a Kantian in the end, but that he carried out a genealogical appropriation of Kant, in order to obtain a greater philosophical communicativeness of his thesis on the subject as a field of self-elaboration. In the final part of the paper, we examine Habermas’ objection about Foucault as young conservative.

Byt maksymalny

Author(s): Adam Olszewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 55/2023

The purpose of this article is to stimulate theologians and philosophers to study certain aspects of the ontological argument (OA). After adopting terminological arrangements, and presenting general remarks on the ontological argument, I quote St Anselm's argument from Proslogion II in the original Latin version and the Polish translation. Then, which is the heart of the paper, I attempt to sketchily reconstruct Tischner’s version of this argument of St Anselm and subject it to a preliminary critical analysis. I then give two quite general understandings of the proof for the existence of God in general. The final section of the paper is devoted to interesting and even intriguing insights into the notion of the titular concept – the maximal being.

Byt i świat w ontologii eleackiej

Author(s): Dariusz Piętka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

This article examines the theories of Xenophanes, Parmenides and Melissus on being, its unity and identity, taking into account Zeno’s views. The main problem considered is the question of the nature of the relation of being and the world in each of the philosophers of Elea. Comparative analysis based on preserved fragments from their works shows that Xenophanes endorsed the idea of a One God identical with the world, whereas Parmenides formulated the original theory of being transcending the corporeal world, but constituting the reason for its identity as a whole. The interpretation of Parmenides presented in this article deviates from the commonly accepted one. Melissus borrows the Parmenidean way of understanding being as one and places it in the world, which brings his views close to Xenophanes’s account. Each of these theories, however, poses many problems of interpretation, resulting mainly from the small number of original texts available