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Apologetske tendencije

Author(s): Jürgen Habermas / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 21/2016

≫Žrtvama ratova i strahovlade≪, taj natpis na spomeniku bonskog Sjevernoga groblja iziskuje od promatrača silnu apstrakciju. Na Sudnji dan, naučili smo kao ljudi odrasli u kršćanskome duhu, svatko od nas pojedinačno i nezamjenjivo, bez ikakve zaštite svjetovne časti i dobara, stupiti pred lice jednog Boga koji sudi, na čiju smo milost upućeni upravo zato što ne sumnjamo u pravednost njegove prosudbe.

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TÜRK FELSEFİ DÜŞÜNCESİNDE TÜRK TÖRESİ

Author(s): Akif Poroy / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 8/2010

Günümüzde felsefe ile uğraşanlar daha çok Batı düşünürlerinin etkisinde görünüyorlar. Birçok aydın geçinen kendi kültürümüzden uzaklaşmayı marifet sayar. Türk kültürünün günümüzde yaşayan binlerce yıllık “Türk Töresi” gibi olgularından habersizdirler. Türk felsefi düşüncesine kadim Türk tarihinden günümüze bütün Türk dünyasına damgasını vurmuş olan Türk Töresi farkında olmasak da genlerimize işlemiş yaşam felsefemizi oluşturan önemli bir olgudur.

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Revolucija, rat i mir: smisao 20. stoljeća s one strane eurocentrizma

Author(s): Alen Tafra / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04/144/2016

Since premodern narratives on translatio imperii, across the role of the Greco-Persian Wars and the Crusades in Hegel’s philosophy of history, the world-historical meaning of great conflicts represents one of the main issues of universal history. After premature quasi-Hegelian and postmodernist theses on the end of history and the end of the philosophy of history, this theme obtrudes the confrontations with the legacy of the twentieth century. The hegemonic Western recapitulation of the period in question depends on the concept of totalitarianism. In the case of historical revisionism, this implicates not only the accusation against the October Revolution because of the launching of the “international civil war”, but even the critique of the wider revolutionary cycle initiated in 1789. However, the revisionist manoeuvre works only under the condition of Eurocentric optical illusion which throws back colonialism as the key dimension of the modern progress. Moreover, the reasons for the failures of the contemporary left ought to be sought in the underestimation or neglect of the anti-imperialist struggles and their geopolitical conditions. This paper endeavours to respond to actual challenges by means of an overview of Domenico Losurdo’s interdisciplinary philosophy of history.

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Historia i struktura. Problem uprawomocnienia

Author(s): Andrzej Leder / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2016

In his text the author is defining the conflict of the structuralist and historicist – synchronic and diachronic thought – described by de Saussure – as a development of two different ethical axioms in the field of social philosophy. He tries to show, how each of this axioms can generate a different ontology of social being. Applying some elements of Deleuzian thought the author analyzes the theoretical position of the two ethical axioms. Then, on the fundament of the Lacanian, and more generally poststructuralist thought he tries to give a draft of a theoretical space in which such a change of ethical positions would be possible. He develops thus a new philosophy of symbolic fields.

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A Different Take on Humanities

Author(s): Włodzimierz Bolecki / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The foreword to this issue focuses on the core functional differences between the humanities and hard sciences (i.e. different approaches to such phenomena as language, translation, teamwork, writing, discipline.s history, publishing, tradition, innovation). Yet, this dichotomy is questioned in the conlusion. The author argues that whenever human artifacts are at stake, both the humanites and experimental sciences are equally hard, because they inquire the same matter, ie. how the products of human cognitive activities were created and what are their social functions. Therefore, the author calls for a new model for interdisciplinary studies.

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Future Ukrainian’s Image: Modern Vision

Author(s): Olga Nezhyva / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2015

This article provides an analysis of the future Ukrainian’s image in modern studies. The author has shown that the works on the prediction of the future Ukrainian’s image are conducted by political scientists, public figures, scientists. There are also appeals to the social and cultural heritage, and an analysis of current operations in Ukraine, as well as projections for the near future. But the future Ukrainian’s image, which was accepted by society, does not exist in nature yet. Still, there is no general vision where to go and how to look at the future aspirations.

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Govor robe

Author(s): Veljko Žvan / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2012

The fact that all mass media, all communication channels, are clogged with advertising messages, raises many questions – e.g., what is the purpose of advertising and media presence? Is a medium efficient manipulative tool subjected to the interest of capital bought by the same medium with an ad? Critical analysis of some of the works of prominent thinkers who tackled those questions from a different standpoints, Marcuse and McLuhan, we come to a perspective that a medium should be regarded as commodity; goods with many specific features. It also should be a communication tool for other goods. Relying on Marx's analysis of fetish character of commodity in his work „Das Kapital“, we show that an ad actually communicates that what had long been established by production of goods, but it does that in a more open and subtle way.The conclusion is that ads do not create demand for goods and consumption, but it is the other way around – goods and production of goods creates advertising.

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Reformacja jako proces ‚uetycznienia’ świata. Heglowska hermeneutyka reformacji w Wykładach z fi lozofi i dziejów

Author(s): Jakub Kloc-Konkołowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2017

The aim of the article is to reconstruct the main claims made by Hegel about reformation as presented in his Lectures on the Philosophy of History. According to Hegel, the emancipatory meaning of reformation fulfils itself not simply in the act of setting the human subjectivity free from the overwhelming power of the external. Th e subjects, liberated from the bonds of the external authority, then not only actively transform the world, but also conceive of the practices they undertake as expression of the same truth and good they discover in themselves. Th is concept of the refl exive ‘ethicization’ of the world is confronted with the interpretation of Max Weber who connects the phenomenon of reformation with the unleashing of the dynamics of economic-instrumental rationality. Contrary to that, following in Hegel’s footsteps enables us to understand reformation not only as the source of the rational-technical organization of the modern world, but also as the source of its deeply ethical nature.

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Između pamćenja i zaborava. Teologija i politika posle Aušvica

Author(s): Johann Baptist Metz / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 56.2/1999

jedan od najprečih zadataka koje današnja teologija mora da ispuni jeste da izoštri ljudsko pamćenje. Da bih ovo objasnio, počeću kratkim osvrtom na vlastitu teološku biografiju. Pripadam onoj generaciji Nemaca koja bila primorana da polako, a po svoj prilici i presporo, samu sebe spoznaje kao generaciju "posle Aušvica", te da o njemu progovori i u teologiji. Razumeti Aušvic kao kritičko pitanje upućeno sopstvenoj teologiji, pre je sve drugo no providna instrumentalizaci- ja ove katastrofe, sve drugo no sumnjiv pokušaj da se ona stilizuje u "negativan mit". [...]

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Fotoğraftan Metne Sızanlar: Orhan Pamuk’un “Resimli İstanbul” Kitabında Fotoğrafın Metinle Kurduğu İlişkiyi Okumak

Author(s): Pelin Erdal Aytekin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 95/2018

This work focuses on the relationship between photography and literary text. In 2003, Orhan Pamuk published his book named Istanbul-Hatıralar ve Şehir with 200 photographs, but later the book added 230 more photographs and enlarged its dimensions and printed again in 2015 with the name of Resimli Istanbul - Hatıralar ve Şehir. Thus, by strengthening the relation of books, photographs, and texts and by increasing the effect created by the photographs, it becomes a book based on texts to a book based on visuality. The purpose of this study is to examine how visual and imaginative power created by photographs influences texts and how texts relate to photographs by moving from one point to the other. The fact that photographs and literature have different artistic frameworks in terms of the way they are produced even more important where they interact with each other. Within this whole study; how memory, history, recollection, and photography serve these areas, and how much artistic production that they feed researched. In particular, how the novel, Resimli İstanbul - Hatıralar ve Şehir, interacted with the image was tried to be examined in an interpretive social science approach. In this interaction, it seemed that two different areas intersect at many points, where the photos reinforce the narrative in a simultaneous manner with the text.

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Вербалізація Постмеморі Мовою Мистецтва

Author(s): Iryna Shchepna / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 97/2018

The study tested the phenomenon of postmemory, its main points, ways of verbal/nonverbal utterance and its connection with different kinds of art. As this occurrence is topical in many domains we can find lots of different attempts to name, to comprehend and even to interpret it. And a very important role in this context belongs to the foundress of this definition – professor from Columbia University Marianne Hirsch. Inspired by Spiegelman’s comic Maus and by her family stories, she developed her ideas and observations concerning the concept of postmemory in every subsequent work. The proposed theory caused the appearance of many new researches, articles, monographs on this topic and interpretations of works of art and historic, cultural occurrences. Hirsch explains this phenomenon as a kind of memory when the second generation remembers the recollections which they couldn’t live by their own. One from the denotative peculiarities of such memory according to her suggestions is imaginative investment and creation, namely memories which can be inherited by subsequent generations and which become a part of their experience exactly in consequence of imagination and empathy. As a result of such “reliving” there always can be a risk – to lost the border between own and “inherited” memories. In such case the best way to reveal postmemory is art, verbalization of it in the language of literature, music, painting, etc.

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Художній Переклад Як Носій Культурної Пам’яті

Author(s): Olena Pavlenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 97/2018

The article highlights literary translation through the study of cultural approaches as well as different philosophical argumentations. Being primarily associated with the work of Susan Bassnett, André Lefevere, Lawrence Venuti, SvitlanaTer-Minasova they focus on translation by exploring the latter both as a literary and cultural phenomenon. Another designation articulated by the cultural approach is that of translation as a form of re-writing, i.e. the way in which cultures build up “images” and “representations” of authors, texts and entire periods of history. In this context, translation comes to be recognized as the means of social and cultural interactions, symbiotic relations between “Self” and “Other” as well as the result of ideological manipulation. Especially convincing is the analysis of the Ukrainian translation during the totalitarian period in the former USSR based on censorship and state control of book production by investigating different layers of the historicity of translation. Uncovering the inadequacy of oppositional notions of “official culture” vs “counter-culture” translations came to viewed as effective means to cultivate historical thinking and provide the possibility to accumulate cultural memory. Furthermore, considering translation as an intercultural process helps not only extend the prospects of translation beyond linguistic analysis but also aims at contributing to the study of other culture representing translations as elements that makes it possible to reconsider the process of preservation of a nation‟s cultural memory.

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Poszerzanie pola Zagłady

Author(s): Przemysław Czapliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

Czapliński reads the environmental history of the Holocaust as a reflection on the relationship between mass death and its localization. This concept – which brings together looselyrelated or even unrelated practices – has emerged on the intersection of Holocaust studies, ecology and posthumanism. Its retrospective effect is an ontological shift in Holocaust research: the environment comes to be perceived as a place, as a witness, an ally or even accomplices of the genocide. A further consequence, it seems, is the necessity to broaden the field of research, facilitating the transition from an environmental history of the extermination to an exterminatory history of the environment.

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Historia mówiona jako hermeneutyka losu. Doświadczenie przedtekstowe

Author(s): Piotr Filipkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

Filipkowski offers a preliminary proposal to inscribe oral history into broader philosophical contexts. Oral history is understood as a practice in the humanities that is based on the pretextual experience of the human encounter, which in turn represents a precondition for any dialogue aiming to understand the Other. Filipkowski brings oral history to bear on the hermeneutic tradition and on reflections on coincidence and accidentality as developed in the field of philosophical anthropology. The notions of coincidence and accidentality are inextricably inscribed into (human) existence. They are used to analyse a specific biography, allowing us to look at it from the perspective of fate, while narrations about it can be seen as meaning-making articulations.

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Bystander, czyli kto? Potoczne wyobrażenia Polaków na temat stosunku do Żydów w czasie okupacji hitlerowskiej

Author(s): Michał Bilewicz,Maria Babińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

Holocaust researchers have come to question the term “bystander” and its exclusive focus on passivity. Recent psychological research on witnesses of crime and their reactions foregrounds actions and emotions that vary greatly in terms of ethics, ranging from rescuing to collaboration, from empathy to schadenfreude. Bilewicz and Babińska examine to what extent these different aspects of being a witness currently shape Poles’ collective notions on Polish attitudes towards Jews during the occupation. Their research suggests that apart the from well-known models of collective memory (which often overestimate the morality of the Poles’ actions), dominant representations of the Holocaust tend to underemphasize the witnesses’ indifference: Poles are perceived as either as empathic rescuers or as envious collaborators. Few of the Poles surveyed mentioned passive emotions and behaviours when describing their ideas about Poland during the occupation.

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Wojna, trauma i kultura

Author(s): Marta Zielińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

Zielińska outlines the history of the cultural forms of war trauma in the modern era, from Romanticism until World War II. Against this backdrop, the authors represented in this issue argue, the postmodern era appears as clearly distinct in terms of its strategies of commemorating the victims of World War I.

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Francuskie (nie)oswajalne widmo. Wielka Wojna w małych formach narracyjnych

Author(s): Piotr Sadkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

Sadkowski explores French short narrative forms by Henri-Frédéric Blanc, Gisèle Bienne and Cathie Barreau. Their works from the turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries – a period associated with post-memory – tackle the spectral presence of trauma related to the experience of World War I. These short works present the figure of the witness in the second degree not so much as a subject haunted by the spectre of World War I but rather as a subject that invokes those ghosts. These characters try – with various degrees of success – to tame those ghosts, to bring them alive and to include them in their own histories. The work of fiction becomes a substitute of verbalizing the trauma. It may come short of bringing about symbolic healing, but it seems to ease the process of coming to terms with the knowledge that the traces of the past will never disappear.

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„Byliśmy młode chłopaki, razem w tej kupie gnoju” – odpolitycznienie pamięci narodowej i rewizjonizm historyczny w pierwszowojennych powieściach Toma Phelana i Sebastiana Barry’ego

Author(s): Beata Piątek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

Piątek explores the fiction of two contemporary Irish writers – Tom Phelan and Sebastian Barry. Both try to depoliticize national memory and work through the collective trauma of the war. Phelan’s The Canal Bridge (2005) and Barry’s A Long Long Way (2005) recall the traumatic experience of thousands of Irishmen who fought in the British army in World War I. By returning the marginalized events to the national memory, the two writers come to terms with the past and prepare the ground for a better future.

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Ciemne światło wojny

Author(s): Tadeusz Sławek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

In his reading of World War I writing and poetry Sławek shows that war, which represents an obscured form of thought, pushes man into underground shelters and reverses the classical metaphor. As an obscured form of thought, war does not lead humankind out of the cave, as argued by Bacon, Descartes and many of the Enlightenment philosophers who were influenced by them. Quite to the contrary, war keeps humankind captive, and it makes every effort to present their captivity not as a space of darkness but as the luminous space of truth – a truth that is universally binding. The obscured thinking of war mobilizes everyone around a single truth that cannot stand opposition. What was unprecedented about World War I is the fact that the state of peace, which the achievements of science had been supposed to serve, became a form of war and in this new form sought admiration for its effectiveness.

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Historyczność osobista - O książce Izabeli Szyrokiej Autobiografia i filozofia. Próba filozoficzna rozważenia wzajemnych odniesień na podstawie kilku klasycznych przykładów

Author(s): Michał Koza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2017

The paper concerns a vision of relationship between the philosophy and literature according to Izabela Szyroka and her latest book. Szyroka shows them in a close connection, in the context of the evolution of the genre from Montaigne and Rousseau as well as philosophical, anthropological enquires. The development of philosophical views on literature was characterized by empowerment of two ideas – the specific autobiographical subject and historicity of a human life. The paper argues that the supposed progress of these ideas was essential for the Western modernity but was majorly challenged. The great part of that process took place during the postmodern era, but the crisis of the autobiographical subject can be traced much earlier – in the modern literature itself.

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