Europa del Este y Nuestra América en Diálogo El Aporte de Eugeniusz Górski

Author(s): Horacio Cerutti-Guldberg / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 58supl./2013

Eugeniusz Górski has given us an enormous bridge in order to connect the reflection from Eastern Europe with Our America. In this text it is important to put attention to some of his favorite subjects: populism, mesianism, religion, search for originality in order to show two of his most important suggestions: not to avoid the need to compare both regions of the world and the necessity of philosophizing connecting and contrasting theoretical divergences and convergences with their antecedent background and underlying social conflicts.

Migrácia ako možná príčina konfliktov

Author(s): Peter Rozemberg / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 29/2018

This article deals with the current problems connected with the migration. The first part of this article provides a brief overview of opinions of former Czech president Vaclav Klaus and his former chancellor Jiři Weigl on this topic. The second part of this article provides a brief opinions which 20 years ago published on this topic famous American professor Samuel Huntington. At the end is possible to say, that current migration from the Middle East Region to the Europe, if not to be properly solved, can cause a lots of socio-economic problems in the future.

Conflict in Syria: Is it a Proxy Warfare?

Author(s): Şafak Oğuz,Kadir Ertaç Çelik / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

This article analyses the protracted conflict in Syria in the context of proxy warfaretheory, focusing especially on the competition between global powers (the US andRussia) and regional actors Iran and Saudi Arabia, which is supported by otherregional Sunni states. When eventuated, the conflict in Syria represented an exampleof proxy warfare, but a military intervention by exterior actors upon the onset of theDAESH terrorist organisation, and shifting relations between global and regionalactors, turned Syria into a more complex political and military battlefield, which asingle warfare theory can no longer adequately explain.

The Women of Palestine Fighting for Independence

Author(s): Elżbieta Deja / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2017

The article is going to present the main reasons for which Palestinian women decide to take part in suicide bombing. The brief characteristic of Palestinian female bombers will allow answering the following questions: What makes women to conduct suicide attacks? Is this a kind of fight for emancipation or gender equality? To what extend participating in a terrorist attack is a sovereign decision of a woman and to what extent are they used as a new type of weapon and treated just like a tool?

Paradigms of International Terrorism

Author(s): Radu-Cristian RIZA / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2010

Constant development, depending on geographical situation, political, economic, social, etc., is what makes terrorism remain in the attention of all. So, attending various stages of time, leads to the emergence of terrorist paradigm. Determination by category is intended to combat this widespread phenomenon.

МІФ ЯК ЗАСІБ РЕГУЛЯЦІЇ СУСПІЛЬНО- ПОЛІТИЧНИХ ВІДНОСИН В УМОВАХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ ВІЙНИ

Author(s): Svitlana Vyktorivna Kutsepal / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2018

Problem setting. At the time when states and societies are undergoing significant social and political transformations, there is a substantial increase in the role and significance of a mythological component of the public awareness. Violent political, economic and state transformations, social and military conflicts, inability of adequate rational explanation of the social and political climate in the state and definition of future prospects for development, lack of developed national ideology are actualizing the tendency to mythologization of citizens ’public consciousness. Recent research and publications analysis. The problem of social and political mythologization, its use in manipulative technologies, role and meaning in functioning of the society is actively discussed in the political, sociological and philosophical discourse. Paper objective. The article is aimed at revealing the essence of the social and political myth and its modifications (stereotypes, «fake») and revealing their significance in manipulating Ukrainian citizens ’public consciousness in the context of information warfare. Paper main body. Crisis processes in the modern Ukrainian society, connected with hostilities in the East of the country, annexation of the Crimea, economic and social in-stability, existential uncertainty, loss of social guidelines and priorities, social disappointments of a significant part of people are determining the process of social and political mythologization. Under these conditions, there is an urgent necessity to define social functions of mythology which has a positive character consolidating the nation, awakening national and civic consciousness, nurturing the national identity and ensuring the historical and ideological connection of generations as well as negative one which manifests itself in hyper-trophied perception of the role of a separate political leader or certain political force, fueling interethnic hostility and active political manipulation. Political mythology plays a significant role in uniting the country’s population around a certain political force which does not always use the political energy of the public in the interests of the state and society. Under modern conditions, the mythologization process is impossible without use of mass media and Internet resources that have an impact on both citizen’s individual consciousness and public awareness. Conclusions of the research. Under conditions of social and political instability and military threat, Ukraine also suffers from information warfare that affects the strategy of the country’s foreign and domestic policy. In the circumstances, it is necessary to take into account the significance of social and political mythologization, use all the possibilities in order to direct its influence to maintain national interests, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country.

L'Europe face au terrorisme international

Author(s): FRANCESCO PERFETTI / Language(s): French Issue: 14/2007

International terrorism is maybe the most important problem of our era. It directly affects the West of which we can say that it has become a true involuntary defender of the Islamic fundamentalism. In order to win the battle with international terrorism, European countries must develop strategies bearing in mind the characteristics of the phenomenon. In this article we try to present some of the possibilities Europe has in the struggle against Islamic terrorism.

A NUCLEAR TEST FOR DIPLOMACY: IRAN AND THE (NEW) EU-US SANCTIONS DEBATE

Author(s): Ioana Constantin-Bercean / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2018

Europe and Iran have had important political, cultural and commercial relations that date back several centuries, but these relations have been steadily strained since 2002 when the uncertainty with regard to Iran’s nuclear program became an issue of international concern. In the attempt to demonstrate its role as an important foreign policy actor capable of taking the lead in resolving a global crisis, through the leadership of France, United Kingdom and Germany (EU3) the European Union spearheaded efforts to obtain a solution to the deadlock between Tehran and the international community over Iran’s nuclear program. Nowadays, after the nuclear agreement with Iran was sealed, the EU can move beyond its exclusive nuclear focus with Iran, and shift to a relationship based on engagement, not containment. However, this goal encounters an unforeseen obstacle: the new American Administration, who wants to shift the US policy on Iran toward aggressive containment and away from the diplomatic openings created by the precedent one. Therefore, it looks that the divide between Europe and the US is set to deepen over Iran, as long as the Trump Administration’s heated rhetoric and actions will continue. The EU made it clear, through its High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy statements that it will continue to support the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. Furthermore, the European leaders understood that a constructive relationship between Iran and the EU is essential for the latter, and it could help to achieve its common security and defense objectives while safeguarding its commercial and energy interests. This article aims to present the relation between Europe Union and Iran post-JCPOA and the European agenda on Iran and to explain how and whether the nuclear agreement could become the reason of a European-American cleavage.

September 11 & September 10

Author(s): Tod Lindberg / Language(s): English Issue: 08/2005

Les événements de 11 septembre 2001 ont été une occasion pour rediscuter beaucoup de problèmes graves de l'humanité. L'article de Tod Linberg est une analyse des transformations que le monde en général et la société americaine en particulier ont souffertes après le 11 septembre, aussi bien que des causes profondes qui les ont provoquées, des conséquences qu'elles auront et des solutions qu'on a pour les dépasser.

Rusia si cel de al treilea Razboi Mondial

Author(s): Ion DEACONESCU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 09+10/2006

Après la chute du communisme on remarque une "nostalgie" de la Guerre Froide et et de la suprématie des certains états.On peut dire que la Troisième Guerre Mondiale a déjà commencé. Il est un conflit sans frontières, une conflagration à la fois inter-étatique et intra-étatique provoquée et entretenue par la Russie, dont l'autonomie énergétique est est une véritable arme.

War and Peace in Kant’s and Hegel’s Consideration

Author(s): Vadym Tytarenko / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2019

This paper touches upon the selected issues of Kant’s and Hegel’s political philosophy, namely “war”, “revolution” and “peace”. The reason why the certain authors were chosen is that Kant and Hegel appear to be the most significant and influential within and beyond German Classical Idealistic paradigm. The author conducts the rational reconstruction of the Kant’s and Hegel’s consideration of mentioned concepts in the field of History of Philosophy. Reconsideration of mentioned political reflections, in the author’s honest opinion, might productively contribute to the composition of the anti-crisis strategy of the development of contemporary Ukrainian society. The author came to the conclusion, that Kant and Hegel have a common negative attitude to the phenomenon of revolution because in their common opinion it inevitably leads to the anarchy, violence and collapse of any constitutional order. In contrast, their attitude to the phenomenon of war has nothing in common. Kant states that nothing can be more harmful to the development of mankind then war. Hegel claims a war to be a highly significant condition of the national unity, spirit and freedom. When it comes to the concept of peace, Kant holds an optimistic and romantic position and proclaims the possibility of an idea of perpetual peace. Hegel looks at the idea of perpetual peace from the sceptical perspective, considering it to be too abstract and impossible in real life.

THE BEGINNINGS OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

Author(s): Anca Oltean / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2018

Without opting out for a pro/con position concerning the efficiency of the League of Nations especially in the first decade of its existance, we will resume by reminding the article of Raymond Fosdick, The League of Nations is alive asserting that it is now (in 1920) the duty of humanity who choose its path of development, namely to follow the old oder or to implement the new standards in the framework of the new organization (The League of Nations). To choose to act within this organization means, in fact, the ralliation to the unexplored paths of human cooperation and to pursue the creativity in the diplomatic relations, is the opinion of the author.

Социјални мир као вредносни поредак

Author(s): Marko Trajković,Goran Obradović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2018

The axiological sphere of social peace is the basis of a valid legal order pleading to be named a long-standing one, and consequently to be qualified as a value order. This value sphere - being given, but also present in our reality simultaneously - sheds light on the value-and-reality relationship through the value-and-work prism in the best possible manner. However, as “usual”, starting from the sphere of “transcendence” and coming to reality, the values may also “get distorted.” Actually, it is better to say that they being given will not lose their essence, yet their application will “get distorted.” Most certainly no social peace but its antipode will be established then, which will also be supported through law that fixes such an aspect of social injustice and disables any realisation of social peace.

Підстави самооборони міжнародних міжурядових організацій

Author(s): Yuri V. Shchokin / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 14/2018

The article is devoted to the study of one of the grounds for exemption from responsibility of international intergovernmental organizations - self-defense. It is provided by Art. 21 Draft articles on the Responsibility of international organizations, adopted by the UN International Law Commission in 2011. The wording of the norm significantly differs from the relevant provision providing a similar right to sovereign states. In particular, it states that “The wrongfulness of an act of an international organization is precluded if and to the extent that the act constitutes a lawful measure of self-defence under international law”. It does not have a direct reference to the United Nations Charter, which is contained in Art. 21 Draft Articles on the Responsibility of the States in 2001. Currently there are no international agreements that envisage the right to self-defense of international organizations. Consequently, the basis for its application can be only an international law custom. Defining it is a complex scientific issue.Present analysis is based on the legal nature of international organizations. It is pointed out that, unlike sovereign states, they do not have their own territory, which in the vast majority of cases is the main purpose of military attacks by aggressor countries. Consequently, the grounds for applying the right to self-defense of international organizations are quite limited. They are mainly related to the negative circumstances in which police and peacekeeping units operate acting on the mandate of the relevant international organization and on its behalf. In other cases, international organizations are protected by agreements with the states on its territory their headquarters are located, where the guarantees of their safety and integrity are expressly provided. It is pointed out that it is highly likely that some of new means of direct and indirect intervention that are already being used to interfere in internal and external affairs of states will probably be applied to international organizations in the future.

Javier Sicilia: Advocate of deliberative democracy in the Americas

Author(s): Lyon Rathbun / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

When Javier Sicilia’s son was killed by cartel assassins in 2011, he transformed into a civic activist, with a mass following sufficiently large for Time Magazine to recognize him in 2011 as one of its “Protestors of the Year.” His very success mobilizing public opinion against cartel violence overshadows his more fundamental role as an advocate for deliberative democracy in the Americas. Sicilia’s historical importance lies in his recognition that only civic dialogue within the transnational public sphere that includes Mexico and the United States can heal the social pathologies unleashed by globalization and by the war on drugs. His ultimate achievement has been to dramatize what would be required of citizens to realize the democratic ideals that both countries profess as the foundations of their national identities.

Fighting the Mujahideen: Lessons from the Soviet Counter-Insurgency Experience in Afghanistan

Author(s): Greg Smith,Tony Balasevicius / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2007

In the article the authors examine Soviet counter-insurgency operations in Afghanistan during the 1980s. They conclude that the Soviets, contrary to popular belief, followed a logical and multifaceted, if somewhat brutal, counterinsurgency strategy in that country. A critical examination of the Soviet performance reveals that many of their failings can be directly attributed to a lack of resources and in this respect, there are a surprising number of similarities between the operational environment the Soviets faced and the situation that NATO is currently dealing with. The article highlights Soviet actions within this context examining the strength and weaknesses of the Soviet approach in an effort to draw out applicable lessons for their relevance to NATO’s present situation.

People human intelligence & terrorism prevention matrixes

Author(s): Vladimir Lukov / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2006

In his paper, Vladimir Lukov focuses on the latest trends in terrorism prevention that consist in the use of the information technology and of the so-called civilian intelligence communities. The author thoroughly discusses the concepts, algorithms and matrixes that are needed for the screening of massive non-structural data from citizens about terrorist treats and other abnormal factors.

O miru i drugim pitanjima vezanim za njega

Author(s): Marko P. Đurić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 82/2018

The author in his article speaks of peace and other issues that are directly or indirectly related to it. The same question is not only seen as important for the state, but also for the church as a human society. As the different religions and nations live in the Balkans today, the importance of peace has always gained on importance. Peace in our Balkans has often been violated by our own, but also by someone else’s fault. However, as we have always been lacking in self-criticism, it was always someone else’s fault for our omissions and irresponsibility. Before starting to build peace, it is always necessary to answer the question of what are we to each other? If we are friends, let’s immediately start with building of peace. If we are the enemies, let’s reconcile and forgive each other, in order to begin the building of that peace between us as early as possible.

Novi tokovi međunarodnih odnosa i kriza u NATO-u

Author(s): Radovan Vukadinović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04/1966

In the introductory part of his work the author emphasizes that the NATO was founded in the period of the cold war as an unmistakable means of pressure with precisely marked tasks and that it could not be out of the course of general international events in spite of all strengthening of the military potential of member states. Different phases in the development of the East-West relations and general yielding of international strained relations have happened to be also in its functioning of their adequate reflection. Contraries in internal character which began to appear several years ago in the frame of the organization itself therefore had not only passing character but they represented the essence of new movements in the whole western alliance, disclosing gradually first marks of approaching crisis.

Subnational Intensities of Violent Political Conflicts in 2017

Author(s): VINCENT STUEBER,Marilena GEUGJES / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019