Владетелят | Двуезично издание

Author(s): Niccolò Machiavelli / Language(s): Bulgarian,Italian

„The Prince” was written by Niccolo' Machiavelli in the 1500s. It has continued to be a best seller in many languages. The Prince is a classic book that explores the attainment, maintenance, and utilization of political power in the western world. Machiavelli wrote The Prince to demonstrate his skill in the art of the state, presenting advice on how a prince might acquire and hold power. Machiavelli defended the notion of rule by force rather than by law. Accordingly, The Prince seems to rationalize a number of actions done solely to perpetuate power. It is an examination of power-its attainment, development, and successful use.

Miejsca wspólne, miejsca osobne, imiona sporu. Szkice z pogranicza literatury i publicystyki na Górnym Śląsku

Author(s): Paweł Sarna / Language(s): Polish

“Common places, separate places, names of the dispute” – title of this dissertation points to the major relationships between parts of this collection as well as its individual texts. The authors presented in this book are connected with Upper Silesia in various ways. The author is interested in both, similarities and differences in their worldview, their creative attitudes and writing strategies. The region itself was a borderland, a place of coexistence, but also a place where cultures, truths and forces clashed. It is hard to believe that its literary works were based on anything else but dichotomies. Some of these authors are native Silesians, others came to Upper Silesia and settled here. How much their birthplace determines their perception of this place? – it is one of questions that constantly arise on the pages of this book. The first part includes articles, miniatures and critical sketches on the poetry of authors representing different generations – Wilhelm Szewczyk, Jan Pierzchała, Stanisław Krawczyk, Andrzej Szuba, Tadeusz Sławek and Jerzy Suchanek. It starts with a rhetorical analysis of a poem by Wilhelm Szewczyk „Pogrzeb Korfantego” [„The Funeral of Korfanty”]. The elegy from 1939 is marked by a catastrophic note regarding the future fate of the Silesian. Poetry – written for three decades from the thirties to the fifties – constituted an important part of literary works by Wilhelm Szewczyk. Jan Pierzchała was primarily a prose writer, and as a poet he was the author of only one collection, „Poems” (1948). He observed Silesia with eyes of an outsider. Born in Jaworzno, a place he described as being “on the border of Cracow and Silesia” he depicted a drama of a single man with his life embedded in the collective fate of a community who endures all the hardships affecting this community. Stanisław Krawczyk is a poet suspended between his two homelands – Zaglebie and Upper Silesia. The next three authors are closer to a general rather than a particular idea – Andrzej Szuba, Tadeusz Slawek, and Jerzy Suchanek. All three seem to combine the search for the formula of spirituality in the postmodern world. The next part focus on journalism, and some characters present in the previous section, Wilhelm Szewczyk and Stanisław Krawczyk, appear in different writer roles. In this part I also introduced Alexander Viktor Widery, a journalist, folklorist and poet. It is worth mentioning that his interest in folklore, especially this of Śląsk Cieszyński [Cieszyn Silesia] resulted in numerous radio programs and books. The last part of this work contains articles devoted to press in Upper Silesia. The first paper analyzed interwar press titles: “Polonia” and “Western Poland”. Progovernment «Western Poland» and «Polonia» issued by Wojciech Korfanty became a tribune of political struggle. Press control by the state authorities and repressive activities against the opposition press, violations of social norms and freedom of speech are an important context here. Another magazine presented is called «Odra» – published in Katowice in the period of the People’s Republic of Poland, it resembles 20th – century journals, in particular those of regional character. “Kuźnica” and “Polonia” belonged to the direct tradition of “Odra”. In the last study, a rhetorical strategy adopted by the editorial team of the “Silesian Literary Quarterly” was examined. The script was published in the fifties and it served as an organ of the Katowice branch of the Polish Writer’s Union, but it also promoted authors from Opole. The adoption of a rhetorical perspective, sometimes very pronounced, as it appears in the titles of individual articles and sketches, sometimes less conspicuous, allows one to focus on the aspect of persuasiveness, which in many cases may be unobtrusive but important for reading not only journalistic texts, but also literary works.

Transformacje tabu w serwisach parentingowych

Author(s): Julia Legomska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

While analysing articles published on parenting websites the author focuses on the traces of taboo transformations. She reconstructs the acts of taboo reconceptualisation and identifies the areas of de‑tabooisation. The analysis is conducted by evoking cultural circumstances which accompany the transformations. The author distinguishes basic trends of the transformations and defines conventions which are created within them. Being aware of multimodality of the analysed communication the author pays particular attention to the sphere of signs in the discussed transformations, including the relation between image and word. Moreover, she observes that de‑tabooisation trends relate to the used code.

From Rhetoric to Aesthetics: Wit and Esprit in the English and French Theoretical Writings of the Late Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth Centuries

Author(s): Klára Bicanová / Language(s): English

The thesis deals primarily with the term wit and its modern and historical usage in literary and aesthetic theories. Further, it concerned with the literary and aesthetic implications of the terms wit and esprit as they were theorized in critical writings of several authors of the early modern England and France. The thesis has two primary goals. The first goal is to re-assess the English concept of wit, nowadays regarded as an out-dated device of past poetic systems, and to present it as vital and useful part of the contemporary discourse. The second goal is to provide comparative reading of early modern English and French theoretical texts dealing with wit and esprit, respectively. Presenting ideas on the English term wit as employed in the theoretical writings in the light of its French equivalent esprit, I wish to demonstrate a gradual development of the terms from rhetoric to aesthetic.

The Concept of Religio Duplex within Today’s Discourse of Globalization

Author(s): Béla Mester / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Within the Continental theoretical tradition, Jan Assmann is an inevitable figure, concerning the questions of the relationship of the universality and particularity of cultures. His last important monograph on the history of religio duplex (2010) from its late antique origins to the German Enlightenment discusses the religious background of the tradition of the Cosmopolitan thought, with important consequences for the nowadays common political opinions. Assmann’s last achievements are focussed on the interpretation of the Egyptian culture in the early modern and modern epochs, before the decoding of the hieroglyphs. The dynamic equilibrium of the Cosmopolitan thought and local identities, offered by Assmann’s theory within the framework of the Western theological thinking, is a possibility for modelling the relationship of local and global in general. My critical contribution concerns the eloquent lack of the Kantian philosophy of religion in Assmann’s reconstruction of the reliogio duplex within the framework of the German Enlightenment, and it tries to answer the reason why of this missing topic

Deconstruction of the Notion of Logos and Logocentric Language in Texts by Jacques Derrida

Author(s): Paulina Kłos / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The construction of logos in Derrida’s writings is expressed and effaced at the same time. It is totally in agreement with the main assumption of Derrida’s philosophy, i.e. that the characteristic of human being does not confine itself only to the clarity of reasoning but is best explained in terms of the supplement. The classical metaphysical concepts like identity, presence, sameness (which all derive its origin from the Platonian logos) are by Derrida deconstructed with the help of this notion: “the indefinite process of supplementarity has always already infiltrated presence, always already inscribed there the space of repetition and the splitting of the self.” Supplement as the relation to its other is the condition of self-consciousness, but at the same time its constant transgression beyond this what is given is the reason for the dissolution of the stable identity. In the long run this process results in the complete expropriation of the subject, because “[a]uto-affection constitutes the same (auto) as it divides the same.” This consequence of Derridian inquiry is the reason why we cannot entirely give ourselves to the defiant project of deconstruction – we still need some stable, operational language based on logos so that the language expressions can be meaningful and not dissolve in disintegration. Consequently, encouraged by Derrida to follow the path of “dangerous supplement” in finding solely human components of culture, we can say “yes” to it, but only when treating it as a regulative idea for a more logocentric struggle. In my paper I would like to indicate how logos inaugurated the metaphysical tradition in philosophy, how logocentric oppositions culminated in the writings of Husserl, had their twilight in the thought of Nietzsche and were finally deconstructed by Derrida.

Czynnik ludzki. O cywilizowaniu uprzedmiotowienia

Author(s): Jerzy Stachowiak / Language(s): Polish

This book discusses the problem of relationship between the idea of knowledge-based society/economy and the discourses of work planning. The author argues that objectification is not opposite to the modern “humanistic” management and psychology of work but one of their most important resources. He also shows that objectification has both changed its main legitimate form and transformed its reference. This is why an ideological critique of organisational power over employees has become insufficient and the problem of objectification needs to be studied differently. The book offers an in-depth study of specific fragments of talk and text in which managers, psychologists and other experts publically engage in making the work planning knowledge-based. Empirical analyses result in new theoretical concepts such as managerial correctness, democratised and un-democratised knowledge economy, discursive reversibility. The book will be of interest to discourse analysts, sociologists, psychologists, cultural analysts and managers.

Teodora Prodromosa „Przygody Rodante i Dosyklesa”

Author(s): Marcin Cyrulski / Language(s): Polish

At the court of Komnenoi, in the twelfth century only four novels (romances) were written. One of these was Rhodanthe and Dosikles by Theodor Prodromos, the first novel since eighth hundred years. The author was the most famous poet of his time and he wrote numerous secular and religious works. Prodromos’ Rhodanthe and Dosikles consists of nine books in which the author describes, in the realities of ancient Greece, the adventures of two young beloveds. Rhodanthe and Dosikles were captured by pirates, imprisoned and separated, but in the end they meet again. Behind the trivial tale there is a work full of rhetoric art and full of allusion to the twelfth century Byzantium.

Antyfont, Dejnarchos i Likurg

Author(s): Michał Bizoń,Jakub Filonik,Jan Kucharski / Language(s): Polish

This study brings together three canonical Greek orators from different periods. Antiphon, chronologically the first in the canon, takes us to the latter part of the 5th century BC, to the Peloponnesian war, echoes of which are heard in his speeches, and which ultimately brought about his downfall and death. Dinarchus on the other hand, the last of the canon, made a name for himself at the end of the Classical period, and lived on to witness the upheavals of the early Hellenistic age. Lycurgus finally whose life and work to some extent chronologically overlaps with Dinarchus provides a glimpse into the traumatic memory of Chaeronea (338 BC) which marked the end of Athens’ imperial ambitions. In this book the reader will find a Polish translation of the extant speeches of the three orators along with a selection of the preserved fragments of their work. The speeches in question all belong to the forensic genre. Their translations are generously annotated and prefaced with an introduction dealing with the authors’ biographies, an outline of the historical moment in which they lived, and a handful of observations about their style and idiolect. In addition, each of the speeches is also provided with more specific remarks which concern the nature of the case at hand, its legal underpinning, and a prosopography of the parties involved in the dispute.

The Motif of the Female in Nietzche's Critic of the Dogmatized Truth

Author(s): Ermoza Bahar / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Langhueur d’Amour or, on the Typological Connection Between Don Juanism and Nihilism

Author(s): Elizabeta Sheleva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

K problematice náboženské řeči

Author(s): Jiří Gabriel / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Už jako školák navštěvující hodiny náboženství jsem se podivoval lidem chodícím v průvodu na oslavu Božího těla, protože náš katecheta (jemuž jsem věřil) nás učil, že Bůh je bytost duchová – tudíž, jak jsem jeho slovům rozuměl, bez těla, tj. masa a krve. Jak může taková „bytost“ vůbec existovat, jsem tehdy ještě nepřemýšlel. – Časem jsem se dověděl, že v průvodu se nosí tělo Kristovo, v podobě posvěcené hostie.

Политическите послания в турските сериали по българските телевизии и "Нетфликс"

Author(s): Zhana Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 10/2021

The text presents the main conclusions based on the study of the political messages in the Turkish series broadcasted on Bulgarian television and on Netflix. The main political messages in the series, showed on Bulgarian television, are the responsibility for decisions, connect with the life of a woman and a child. Among the important political topics are: migration, education abroad and returning home, conflicts between rich and poor.

Poniženi i uvrijeđeni. Afektivna retorika Vladimira Putina

Author(s): Riccardo Nicolosi / Language(s): Croatian

Govori Vladimira Putina na početku ruske agresije protiv Ukrajine šokirali su svijet. U dva televizijska obraćanja Putin je svoju argumentaciju iznio emocionalnim, agresivnim, djelomice razbjesnjelim tonom: 21. veljače o ruskom priznanju „narodnih republika“ Doneck i Luhansk koje su se odcijepile od Kijiva i 24. veljače na početku takozvane „specijalne vojne operacije“. Nije bilo malo onih koji su nakon toga izrazili pretpostavku da je ruski predsjednik poludio. Kakvo je mentalno stanje Vladimira Putina, o tome ne znamo ništa. No ono što sa sigurnošću znamo jest: Putinov agresivni jezik iz posljednjih tjedana ni u kom slučaju nije nov, naprotiv, radi se o jednoj radikaliziranoj retorici koja izravno cilja na afekte slušateljica. Ta je afektivna retorika karakterizirala Putinovu argumentaciju u vezi s pitanjem Ukrajine od samoga početka. Postsovjetsku je Rusiju Putin modelirao kao emotivni prostor kojim dominira osjećaj duboke povrijeđenosti. Prevarena i ponižena od strane Zapada, Rusija čezne za respektom i priznanjem svojih geopolitičkih interesa u kojima Ukrajina igra centralnu ulogu. Stoga se isplati baciti pogled na osobitu formu argumentacije u Putinovoj retorici i istražiti njezine isprepletenosti s drugim argumentacijskim strategijama.

BÉRTOLLNOK, AGYAFÚRT KERESKEDŐ, ÉS AMI A LEGFŐBB, EGYIPTOMI!

Author(s): László Horváth / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

A close reading of the argumentative structure of Hypereides' Athenogenes-speech reveals that the traditional idealising vision of the Athenian democracy and of Athens is overshadowed by xenophobic and intolerant feelings of its citizens. The elevated and liberal ideas of an antique "open society" (as expressed by Thukydides in the Periclean funeral-speech) could vanish immediately in the daily life of the city. Hypereides' speech clearly confirms that the worst prejudices against foreigners were deeply rooted in the citizens, which could easily bestirred up any time by the orators. Since the speaker cannot rely on solid juristic foundation (as his task was to annul a valid, undersigned contract), in order to influence his audience, Hypereides produces an impressive list of irrelevant laws, then he launches a bitter invective against Athenogenes (mainly targeted on his Egyptian origin) and finally, he amuses the jurors (his well-trained fellow-spectators of comedy) with cleverly chosen comic reminiscences.

A POLGÁR, AZ IDEGEN ÉS AZ ÖRÖMLÁNY

Author(s): György Németh / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

In the centre of the Speech against Neaira, preserved amongst the works of Demosthenes but attributed to Apollodoros, there is a prostitute of slave origin who has married her pimp, the Athenian Stephanos. He accepts the woman's children as his own and registers them as Athenian citizens. Furthermore, he marries off a girl whom he claims to be his daughter to the archon basileus, one of the leading functionaries of the town. However, according to the Athenian law a citizen cannot marry a stranger. If the stranger is found out, he or she should be sold as a slave. The person who marries off a stranger to an Athenian citizen loses his or her citizenship and wealth. It was in the authority of the Popular Assembly to naturalize strangers and the laws strictly persecutes people who try to bypass this law. On the basis of the above story the paper discusses the Athenian laws of naturalisation and of the legal position of strangers.

EGY GYILKOSSÁG TÖRTÉNETE

Author(s): Tamás Mészáros / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

According to general consensus, the fifth oration of Antiphon is one of the most famous speeches in antiquity. As we learn, Herodes, an Athenian cleruch?, was travelling to Ainos together with Euxitheos, a young, wealthy Mytilenean. Their boat was forced by a storm to put in a small harbour close to Methymna. They spent some hours drinking in another boat, then in the middle of the night Herodes left this boat, disappeared and was not seen again. The paper discusses the facts and the structure of the defendant's argumentation concerning to the mysterious death of Herodes and tries to give with as much certainty as possible a brief description of the events. According to the procedural questions we assume that Herodes' relatives have used an illegitimate procedure, an endeixis kakourgon against Euxitheos. Their motive was personal enrichment by an out-of-court settlement. We point out that after the first Mytilenean revolt (B. C. 428/27) the simple fact, that Euxitheos was a Mytilenean, is a very important element in the case.

TERTULLIANI ADVERSUS IUDAEOS

Author(s): Levente Pap / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Tertullian was a person of paradoxes. There are problems around the limits of his life, his birth and death, there are contradictory data about his studies, his work (was he really a lawyer?), and there are paradoxes in his theology, in his technique of argumentation and in his style. One of the most paradoxical aspects of his work is that Tertullian, a person belonging to a religious community founded by a Jew and heavily relying on Jewish tenets, attacks the same Jews in his Adversus Iudaeos, 'Against the Jews'. The paper examines Tertullian's literary and rhetorical arsenal in this writing.

Прогноза за времето: от епичния „край на света“ до апокалипсиса днес

Author(s): Lidija D. Delić / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The paper examines the folklore understanding of weather conditions, archaic conceptualization of cataclysms and contemporary newspaper/internet articles on similar topics in a comparative context. It turns out that modern civilization inherits part of the rhetorical repository and imaginary of traditional cultures when it comes to meteorological phenomena, employing them in a new context in the already recognized global “discourse of fear/intimidation” (F. Furedi, D. Altheide, P. Cap). At the same time, this rhetorical identification is seductive insofar as all its parameters (the planet has warmed since pre-industrial times, glaciers are melting, sea levels have risen, a large percentage of forests emitting oxygen have been cut down, the ozone layer and ecosystem-regulating animal species vanish, humanity has increased enormously) speak that on a global level something dramatic is happening and that we are not just witnessing another of the great resurrections of history and its (mis)use.

Kobiety i milczenie w "Pervigilium Veneris"

Author(s): Anna Kucz / Language(s): Polish

The book is the first Polish monograph on the anonymous poem Pervigilium Veneris, which has had many literary and instrumental-vocal interpretations. Analyze of the unusual similarities of phrases and motifs that appear in Pervigilium and in Nemesianus’ poetry led to confirming Monceaux’s thesis that the author of the work may be Nemesianus, a Carthaginian poet writing in the 3rd century AD. The author analyzes the techniques of portraying Diana and Venus and the sisters Philomela and Procne, comparing them with prefigurations contained in poems by Lucretius, Catullus, Statius and Nemesianus among others. The subject of reflection are also the enigmatic words Terei puella and Illa cantat, nos tacemus, which refer to the motif of women’s silence, strongly emphasized in ancient literature.