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THE EFFECTS OF DEFENCE EXPENDITURES ON GROWTH: THE CASE OF TURKEY

Author(s): Salih Aygün,Tolga Oz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between defence expenditureand economic growth in Turkey. Defi nition of defence and defence expenditure, characteristics of defence expenditure, definition of economic growth and economicgrowth models are explained. Defence expenditure and the economic growth data of Turkey provided by the International Stockholm Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)reports between 1999-2019 is analyzed with correlation and regression tests via time series analysis. According to the results of Engle-Granger Cointegration and Toda and Yamamoto Causality tests defence expenditure and economic growth series are not correlated in the long run. Also, no two-way causality relationship between growth rate and defence expenditure is reached.

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CHALLENGES OF DEFINING A COUNTRY’S MILITARY POWER

Author(s): Maria Constantinescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The concept of military power seems straightforward, but it is a lot more complex than it appears at first glance, which has direct implications on defense decisions and analyses. A crucial issue in building a country’s armed forces and deciding on its appropriate size/strength derives from the fact that there is only one situation in which a country’s military power can be precisely assessed, that is in time of militaryconfl ict. Excluding this situation, the best military planners and decision-makers can do in peacetime is try to estimate the required and actual strength of a country military, an attempt not devoid of challenges. The focus of this paper is to address a few of the issues and challenges encountered in defining the concept of a country military power.

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CHANGE MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE. GAPS TO BE BRIDGED IN BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS

Author(s): Ilie Sava / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The paper aims to summarize the characteristics and functionality of bureaucratic systems, from the point of view of organizational culture, with emphasis on its influence on the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. Also proposes a detailed analysis of the changing management and of the models which can be applied in order to change organizational culture in particular.

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APPROACHING THE TRANSFORMATION OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN MEDICAL STRUCTURES

Author(s): Mihaela Barcan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

In the field of national security, the decisional problem of the scientific approach consists in proposing strategies that would allow the transformation of human resources management (THRM) in civil and military medical structures, as well as the construction of a research model, built to study the impact of THRM on employees and the management of healthcare organizations. The existing relations between HRM and the management of medical institutions were highlighted, in terms of work climate, organizational structure and managerial efficiency, so the data obtained highlighted the discrepancies between organizations, as well as the difference in approach to medical activity. The results obtained have a favourable impact on the competitive environment in the field of healthcare by offering a portfolio of medical services and quality profile. The practical value is given by the study of the processes of THRM and the formulation of proposals regarding models and strategies for the THRM.

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THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION IN THE MILITARY EDUCATION SETTING

Author(s): Koba Tchitchinadze / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Recognized by international experience one of the most important factors in the success of the country’s armed forces is a motivated and educated human resource. Consequently, in the contemporary stage, the world’s developed countries armed forces pay great attention to the education, training and career development of the personnel. The article describes the close relationship between military education, educational process and the motivation of the military servicemen. It is noteworthy that in the armed forces there is no uniform approach to motivate military personnel, the motivation process is more oriented towards the challenge of internal interest by methods of ‘punishment and encouragement‘, focusing on the educational process in the field of military education, and the external impulses and motivation of students.

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A SURVEY OF PERSONAL PHYSICAL SECURITY AWARENESS IN STUDENTS IN SELECTED UNIVERSITIES IN KENYA 1990-2019

Author(s): Felistus Kinyanjui,Anthony Manyara / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The end of the Cold War brought with it changes in the international security, with an escalation in intra-state conflicts, characterized by violence perpetuated by discernable and not so discrete foes. This challenge broadens dimensions of security to include human, social, economic, political, and environmental aspects which provide referent objects which are securitized. In line with securitization, a response to the asymmetric wars configured in terrorism whose preference is to attack“soft targets” such as people on holiday, revellers, shoppers, worshippers, and of particular concern to this study, university students. Unlike critical infrastructures which are well guarded by armed personnel, universities are core soft targets made of intellectuals and their trainees, who have bare military training and any inkling on how to respond in case of a terrorist attack. This makes such institutions susceptible as they hold tens of thousands of persons at any given time, making them a strategic attraction and target for terrorist aimed at causing maximum damage and fear among civilian populations.

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DEVELOPMENT OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL MODEL FOR LOGISTIC STAFF PERSONNEL WITH THE KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATOR (KPI) AND ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)

Author(s): R. Madhakomala,K. Gunawan,J. Marsiningsih,April Kukuh Susilo / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Nowadays, the performance appraisal system that exists within the TNI is still general and not specific, meaning that the performance appraisal of TNI officers does not represent in detail the specific criteria of the performance appraisal of TNI staff off cars, so the assessment system still requires development criteria. This study aims to develop a model of performance appraisal evaluation instruments for logistics staff officers in the TNI environment. This study uses the Key Performance Indicator(KPI) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. Based on the results of the research, it was found that the development of the TNI logistics staff performance appraisal model consists of 3 (three) criteria, namely logistical activities (A), logistics function (F), and logistical principles (L). Furthermore, logistics activities(A) consist of 5 KPIs (A1-A5), the logistics function criteria (F) consist of 5 KPIs(F1-F5), the logistics principle criteria (L) consist of 7 KPIs (L1-L7). Based on the calculation of the criteria values that have been carried out by referring to the Key performance indicators, it is found that the criteria that have the largest total are the logistic principle criteria with a weight value of 0.413; logistic function criteria is in the second position with a weight value of 0.327; Logistic activity criteria is in the third position with a weight value of 0.260. Furthermore, based on the total result value, the highest score is obtained, namely the Responsive sub-criteria with a weight value of 0.113; while the lowest value is the Survive Ability sub-criteria with a weight value of 0.028. This research is expected to be a model of performance appraisal evaluation and to make an important contribution to TNI organizations in particular and to function for unit organizations in general.

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REFLECTIONS ON COMMUNICATION AND REDUNDANCY IN MILITARY INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Author(s): Costinel Nicolae Maresi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

A military organization, with a modern information system, can develop rapidly, can shape the operational environment and obtain quality intelligence products by calling for a rigorously prepared and integrated internal and external communication in its operations. The current framework imposed by the enormous speed and the huge volume of information conveyed, unprecedented in the history of humanity, requires a good knowledge of this social process, often neglected, but which ensures many advantages, and few disadvantages, if we were to overlook the existence of redundancy. There are various hybrid threats to our nation’s and our allies’ security, that use different types of communication in the most innovative, surprising and effective way. The aim of the current scientific research is to analyze and develop the functions and role of communication in military information systems and to draw attention to the undesirable effects of redundancy in the decision-making process.

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MANAGEMENT AND RELIABILITY ASSURANCE OF A MILITARY FIELD NETWORK FUNCTIONING. ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD CALCULATIONS

Author(s): A.A. Bayramov,R.R. Imanov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

In the given paper, there has been considered management and reliability assurance of a military field network functioning. The calculation method of the electromagnetic field strength of radiated antennas in the site of a field network site of military radio communication of high frequency and super-high frequency with low and mean power up to 1 kW has been off ered. The offered method of EMFcalculation in the limited site is based on the solution of electrodynamics’ tasks of thinly wire structures at known distribution functions of current radiators, which are determined based on approximate solutions. This method can be applied for the radio technical means radiating in both one frequency and various ranges. These formulas help to calculate a compact displacement of radio stations and antenna system in the site of a military field communication network with taking account of electromagnetic compatibility of radio devices.

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COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES IN THE POST-TRUTH ERA

Author(s): Brînduşa Maria Popa / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Communication, possibly one of people’s most favourite activity, is present everywhere, every moment and therefore, connected to the basic social and managerial functions like planning, organizing, motivating, controlling aiming at a “(…) continuous and dynamic shaping, modification or change of knowledge, stances and behaviours towards the directions being in conjunction with the values and interests of the subjects being in mutual relations”. It aims at producing eff that three different levels: idea, emotion and behaviour level. The idea level is the easiest to impact, new ideas can develop or can be taken into consideration without much analysis; the second level is not as easy to influence however, emotions can be bestirred through communication. The third level, the most important one is the hardest to affect because a change in behaviour is difficult to attain due to the complexity and the lengthiness of the process. A lasting change in behaviour usually requires a considerable dedication of time, eff ort, and emotion.

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SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDONESIAN SOCIETY AFTER THE 1965 INCIDENT AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIAL RESILIENCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

Author(s): Amarulla Octavian,Joni Widjayanto,I. Nengah Putra,A.P. Sumarno / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The 1965-incident became a scourge for the Indonesian nation due to the occurrence of a bloody incident in form of a horizontal conflict involving ideological-political factions in Indonesia at that time. Nevertheless, the 1965 incident was able to bring the novelty and progress that occurred in Indonesian society afterwards its positive aspects. The study aims to provide an analysis of Post-1965 social transformation and its contribution to the social resilience of the Unitary State of theRepublic of Indonesia. This research employed Soft System Methodology, InterpretiveStructural Modeling, System Dynamic for extracting information related to research topics by bringing together sources to share facts and views regarding the research topic. Based on the research results from subject-matter experts, there are 12 (twelve)main elements that were confirmed and selected to design the model and interpretive structural modelling. the result of ISM and MICMAC diagram analysis then divided the twelve elements into 4 (four) quadrants, namely Quadrant I (Autonomous) consisting of two elements, namely: a) grassroots solidity (C12); b) social transformation (C9). Quadrant II (Dependent) consists of six elements, namely: a) elements of society (C1);b) community organization (C2); c) leader of political party (C3); d) education and social gap (C8); e) traumatic society (C9); f) social transformation (C10). Quadrant III(Linkage) consists of elements of the People’s Representative Council (C5). QuadrantIV (Independent) consists of three elements, namely: a) Government (C4); b) RegionalHeads (C6); c) political education.

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DEFENSE DIPLOMACY AND COUNTRY EXISTENCE

Author(s): Budi Pramono / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

This paper aims to discuss defence diplomacy efforts by TNI to strengthen country existence. The world multi-polarization put foreign policy into new challenges of world power distribution, non-boundary and not centred on two classical blocs(East and West). This condition requires the TNI to have an adaptive capacity related to the role and ability in responding to challenges in defence diplomacy tasks. There are 3 conclusions related to defense diplomacy in strengthening the existence of the country. First, world multi-polarization creates challenges to provide an opportunity for Indonesia to use it as an opportunity to build more constructive relationships in developing the country interests from the economic, socio-cultural and defense sectors. Second, the actualization of defense diplomacy as a national policy must be consistent with country interests, especially in eff ort to maintain domestic stability which is closely related to the regional situation. Third, several strategic partner countries of Indonesia need to receive comprehensively a systematic and programme treatment in according with the character of defense diplomacy, namely Confi denceBuilding Measure (CBM), enhancement of defense capabilities and development ofdefense industry. Therefore, the government needs to develop its relevance by exploring defense diplomacy as the spearhead to strengthen the existence of Indonesian nation and country.

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THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR EMPOWERING THE DEFENSE AREA OF A NON-MILITARY ASPECT IN PACIRAN, LAMONGAN

Author(s): Budi Pramono,April Kukuh Susilo / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The Regional government of Lamongan Regency has made various efforts in dealing with this non-military threat, but it is still not sufficient for the conditions expected. One of which is by cooperating with several side agencies to overcome it(TNI-Polri and other related agencies). This study aims at designing a strategy for developing a state defence system of a non-military aspect in Paciran, LamonganRegency in resisting non-military threats. This study employed SWOT-AnalyticalHierarchy Process (AHP) method. What makes this study differ from previous research is there are aspects of the astagatra (8 aspects of life) criteria included in the internal factors of the SWOT analysis. Furthermore, the SWOT and AHP factors are usedto determine strategies in supporting non-military defence aspect policies. In the formulation of a strategy for developing the empowerment of the non-military aspect of defense in Paciran-Lamongan, the selected strategy has been identified, namely the ST strategy (using strength to deal with threats) consisting of six sub-strategies. This research is expected to provide input for regional governments in capability development based on regional developments in facing non-military threats.

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SISHANKAMRATA DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN MAINTAINING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF INDONESIA’S STRATEGIC INTERESTS

Author(s): Amarulla Octavian,Joni Widjayanto,I. Nengah Putra,A.P. Sumarno,H.J.R. Saragih / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The development of that strategic environment can create both opportunities and threats for Indonesia. The integration of the main components, reserves, and support is the key to the success of Total People’s Defense and SecuritySystem (Sistem Pertahanan dan Keamanan Rakyat Semesta; Sishankamrata) in defending Indonesia’s strategic interests from all threats. For this reason, efforts are required to direct the development and fostering of the main components, reserves, and support planned in a state defense posture and guided by the concept of Sishankamrata. This study aims at developing a strategy for the Total People’sDefense and Security System to face the development of the 21st-century strategic environment. In this study, the SWOT analysis method, Interpretive structural modelling (ISM), and Balanced Scorecard (BSC) approach were used. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis on the development of Sishankamrata, there were18 (eighteen) sub-strategies. Based on the results of the Interpretive structural modelling (ISM), it was discovered that the ST-1 sub-strategy, the formulation of defense policies expected that they do not overlap and be in line with the world maritime axis policy program, was the beginning of determining the development of the Sishankamrata strategy. Based on the implementation plan of Balanced Scorecard (BSC), it was uncovered that the financial perspective consists of 4 (four)sub-strategies; the internal process perspective consists of 5 (five) sub-strategies; the Growth & Development perspective consists of 6 (six) sub-strategies, and the customer/User perspective consists of 3 (three) sub-strategies.

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GRAND STRATEGY IN A VOLATILE ENVIRONMENT. THE CASE OF ROMANIA

Author(s): Maria Constantinescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Developing a Grand Strategy is never an easy task, as it geared towards building a framework for the use of all the instruments of national power(diplomatic, informational, economic, military) in order to achieve national objectives that ultimately serve to support the national values and interests. The current volatile environment complicates the issue even further, by changing at a fast pace the external and internal conditions in which a country evolves. The aim of this paper is to analyze the main directions of Romania’s security and defense approaches outlined in the current Strategy for the Country’s Defense and to highlight the degree to which the current strategy is suitable for a volatile environment.

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Uloga časopisa Hercegovina u razvoju historijske nauke

Author(s): Đenan Galešić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 19/2020

Časopis za kulturno i historijsko naslijeđe “Hercegovina” od 1981. godine, kada izlazi njegov prvi broj, predstavlja za regiju Hercegovinu i grad Mostar respektabilan i najrelevantniji časopis za kulturno- historijsko nasljeđe. Časopis je preživio određene turbulencije i prekide u izlaženju, ali je 2018. godine ponovo pokrenut, čime je na konkretan način otklonjen nedostatak postojanja jedne ovakve publikacije na prostoru Mostara i Hercegovine. Reaktiviranje časopisa “Hercegovina” ima i jednu dodatnu dimenziju u Mostaru i Hercegovini, koja se ogleda u optimizmu, entuzijazmu i novoj nadi da će naučna historijska djelatnost, proučavanje naše bogate prošlosti krenuti uzlaznom i afirmacijskom putanjom.

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MODELLING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUTOMOTIVE SUPPORT OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

Author(s): Aziz Talibov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The paper investigates the process of providing automotive technical support for the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan by using the synergetic bifurcation theory of system development. Based on expert evaluations and statistical data of the auto-technical support of the Armed Forces during 1991–2019, recorded progress trends of the compound’s elements of auto-technical support are recorded. The paper focuses on studying the conceptual model of improvement of the auto technical support system. The opportunities of development of the auto-technical support of the Armed Forces is investigated based on the phase-time characteristics of the system’s elements in bifurcation space. In this respect, the bifurcation model of the auto-technical support system is constructed and the functional dependence between elements of functioning system factors are defined.

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THE SYRIAN CONFLICT. NATO’S FRAGMENTARY MIDDLE EAST STRATEGY OR RUSSIA AS A GAME-CHANGER

Author(s): Nijat Mammadov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

In 2015, four years after the outbreak of the Syrian conflict, which at the beginning was not on the focus and “interest” of NATO, the new actors have emerged in the campaign. Particularly, Russia’s involvement in the conflict has increased the intensity of military operations and decisively changed the course of the conflict on behalf of Syrian Government Forces. Until September 2015, the main players in the theatre have been the Assad regime, Free Syrian Army (FSA), ISIS,anti-ISIS Coalition Forces, and the Syrian Democratic Forces (affiliated groups). However, today “surprisingly” strengthening players of the conflict is the Syrian regime, Russia, Iran, and Hezbollah that were unimaginable at the beginning of the conflict. Surprisingly – because prior to the Syrian conflict “nobody” anticipated Russian, Iranian and pro-Iranian militia groups hegemony in Syrian territory. On the other hand, the U.S., its Allies in the Middle East, and most of the NATO member countries backed the Syrian Opposition and the Free Syrian Army, which were struggling to overthrow the Assad regime. At the same time, the U.S. and most of its Allies publicly declared the recognition of the Syrian Opposition as a legitimate representative of the Syrian people.

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OPEN-SOURCE INTELLIGENCE (OSINT). THE WAY AHEAD

Author(s): Gabriel Traian Ungureanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Technological advances have led to an exponential growth in the amount and complexity of open-source information. The weight of this type of information in the collection base has significantly increased and now we have intelligence services that collect more than 80% of their intelligence from open sources. Therefore, in this article, referring to state-of-the-art technologies in an exhaustive approach, we analyze how the new technologies sustain the intelligence services in their actions for collecting open-source intelligence and increase the efficiency of related processes. Moreover, we analyze how these technologies can supplement and enhance one another throughout the phases of the intelligence cycle to render the intelligence services’ activity more efficient. Finally, analyzing the historical progress, we will foretell what technologies are expected to support OSINT in the next ten years and how they will be integrated into the phases of the intelligence cycle, forecasting how OSINT will advance through technological change.

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THE ADVANTAGES OF INTEGRATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN BUSINESS PROCESSES

Author(s): Florin Ogigău-Neamţiu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

In the current age of information, digitalization is offering advantages to organizations proportional to their willingness and determination to integrate technology. Innovative high tech has determined the developments of extremely dynamic and demanding operational environments but is also providing the tools to cope with them. In order to achieve success, modern organizations need to implement highly flexible processes, which can be easily adapted to the permanent changing input variables or to the customizable output requirements. The development of artificial intelligence technology and its integration into the organizational business processes is promising to bring advantages, which could never be reached by utilizing classical human-based processes.

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