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On Wednesday, Macedonians made history for the second time this year by planting some 6 million trees in a single day.
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Computer graphics, CAAD, e-learning, visualization and virtual reality technologies are increasingly used to communicate the implications of environment understanding and management changes in landscapes and biological systems, well as in national parks and forests. Image-based and data visualization techniques can be used, not only by scientists but also by managers, the public, and desicion-makers, to comprehend massive databases, to interpret dynamic environmental changes, and to evaluate the range of outcomes likely from different management strategies. Recently, however, most developments have been fragmented, the links between different applications regarding learning, understanding and landscape visualization have been fewand poor, and the validity and reliability of the visual representations regarding natural (landscape) phenomena have not been tested. This paper introduces (in an initial phase - as a discussion rather than as a well-definedmethod) a coordinated image-based e-learning environment with four modules: landscape data collection, tree modeling, landscape database and landscape data communication, for environment understanding, visualization, real-time interaction and management, and describes four relative goals for tree-based forest visualization with elearning functionality
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Restructuring, the tourism product in the study area, I believe that the bridge could be put on national tourism market, the given the level of competition in the Apuseni Mountains tourist actuale. Product is increasingly sought as domestic tourists as weel as foreign.
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SYMPOSIUM WITH INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION AT PREDEAL
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THE THEMATIC RULES ORGANIZED BY THE HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY SOCIETY "ŞTEFAN MANCIULEA" FOR THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE TÂRNAVE COUNTRY
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THE IMPACT OF THE NATURAL RESOURCES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM ACTIVITY IN APUSENI MUNTIES AREA
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URBAN GREEN-SPACE IN PRESSURE BY COMMERCIAL INTERESTS
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Roșia Montană is currently a village (former town) in Transylvania, with a declining population of about 4,000. But it is at the same time one of the most famous villages in Romania, due to the controversy surrounding it, which led to major public manifestations and protests in the autumn of 2013. In a way, the project of Gabriel Resources, which sought to obliterate the historical site and replace it with an open pit gold mine and a cyanide lake was so outrageous that it actually helped popularize the vast heritage of the village and offered an incentive to promote it on the UNESCO World Heritage List, thus protecting it from further such claims. The Faculty of Architecture in Cluj found this a great opportunity for an international workshop with our French colleagues in ENSA Clermont Ferrand, who were glad to travel to Cluj and exchange ideas and even a small project for a few days. During their stay, we visited the site and chose one of the most interesting but sadly deteriorated buildings as grounds for a restoration project – the Reformed Parsonage. Our workshop focused also on a documentary assignment that bid our students to search out for similar cases to Roșia Montană in Europe and the whole world, so as to draw some conclusions about what is specific and what is similar in this particular context. This paper gives a glimpse into the research we undertook with our students and our findings. One such similar case we found with our students would be Kremnica in Slovakia, also sitting on a sizeable gold deposit coveted by a Canadian mining company that promoted open pit cyanide mining there. There are open pit mining sites that threaten to engulf entire towns like Cerro de Pasco (Peru), but also sites that have been put to better use like in Curitiba (Brazil) and Falun (Sweden) and have been converted in cultural venues. Overall, the goal of the effort was to use the entire collective to determine similar cases around the world, resulting in contextual and viable architectural projects, particularly adapted to the special situation in Roşia Montană, some of which will be presented in short as results of this research.
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In the presented paper correlation between the northern part of the Atlantic ocean (belt between 50-65°N) and the atmospheric pressure is examined. Connection between the ocean temperature and atmospheric pressure is the most obvious in the El Nino southern oscillation mechanism. Thus, so far it is not known that such a mechanism exist in the Atlantic ocean. The main accent in the presented paper is focused on the connection between Iceland low and the sea surface temperature (SST) in the subpolar part of the Atlantic ocean (used data are in grid 5x5°). By hierarchical cluster analysis five relatively unified clusters of sea surface temperatures grid cells are defined. By multiple linear regression, we examined the correlation between each of the depicted clusters with position and intensity of Iceland low, and identified the most important grid cells inside every cluster. The analysis of the relation between Iceland low and air temperature in Serbia and Belgrade has shown the strongest correlation for the longitude of this centre of action.
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This article analyzes the process of interaction between Germany and Russia in the context of legal mechanism creation for mutual copyright protection. Features of the creativity protection regime of both states are studied through the musical and dramatic works. The process of interaction between states in making international agreements on copyright protection is reconstructed, and its features are determined. We have used complementary research methods, including historical legal method and system analysis.Based on archive documents and other sources, we have determined the various ways of interaction between Russian and German participants in the music copyright market (authors, publishers, government-owned theaters, private enterprises, gramophone companies, collective copyright management organizations), as well as the measures they used for copyright protection.
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Meanwhile, Kazakhstan almost sees a rare opposition protest.
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Attempts to bend – and even break – the judicial system throughout Central Europe do not bode well for the future of the sector’s independence in the region.
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is considered by scholars as a critical factor for economic growth and development. The recent economic crisis in the European Union (EU) has brought up again the discussion of the key drivers specific to the attraction of FDI. In addition to strict economic factor, the literature emphasises the role of institutions in a country as determinants in attracting FDI inflows. This study is one of the first to address the ownership strategy of multinational enterprises from the EU region undertaking FDI in former transitional economies in South (SEE) and Central Eastern Europe (CEE) using the concept of the quality of institutions. An analysis of the impact that the quality of market supporting institutions in determining ownership structure has of foreign affiliates in former transitional economies is attempted using an econometric model on institutional, regulatory, country specific and company level data based on a sample of 285 EU companies undertook FDI in 4 South and Central Eastern European countries during 1995-2015. We apply and advance the institution-based view of strategy by integrating it with resource-based and transaction cost considerations, incorporating three of the most important theoretical paradigms of international business studies.
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The paper presents the possibilities of the airborne laser scanning (ALS) data use in the morphological analysis of the bottom of the designed Pietraszki multi-purpose water reservoir, which is located in the mouth section of the Sufraganiec river (5th rank) in Kielce. The source material consisted of 0.5 m resolution digital terrain model created by the MGGP Aero company on the base of ALS point cloud obtained in 2011. The analysis was performed in SAGA GIS software and included modelling of the Sufraaniec valley bottom, where the reservoir’s coastline was outlined, and a calculation of the reservoir’s geometrical and morphological parameters. A practical effect of the analysis was the estimation of the ground masses volume that need to be moved in the investment area and also the designation of recreational zones along the reservoir’s coastline. The performed analysis demonstrates the legitimacy of ALS digital terrain model use in detailed modelling of the planned reservoir bottom and also in outlining its coastline reach at the designed water levels.
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Appropriate use of space helps to develop investments and the entire region more intensively. To determine the best use for land, its suitability for tourist purposes must be estimated. Land should have a variety of natural and cultural values, which together form the tourist attractions. The valorisation of nature examines elements of the landscape created by nature, while cultural valorisation analyses elements of the historical and cultural heritage. The aim of this paper was to carry out a natural and cultural valorisation of the municipality of Reszel for tourism development and to identify the best forms of tourism. In addition, a landscape evaluation with the experience curve method is presented. As a result, the municipality Reszel was divided into areas of variable suitability for tourism. Based on this research, places with tourism potential were selected and the route of a sightseeing path was proposed.
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The development and expansion of ecotourism can be enhanced considerably by attractive landscape areas situated in close neighbourhood of big towns and cities as exemplified by Wierzenica and its surroundings situated near Poznań. The village is associated with the patron of the Poznań Agricultural University. The study presents an assessment of the natural value of meadow communities which are found in the Główna River valley near Wierzenica. In addition, on the basis of literature data, floristic peculiarities of the nearby forests which form part of the Zielonka Primeval Forest were described. When evaluating the cultural significance of this region, the authors relied on their own observations, information obtained from interviews with inhabitants of the village and literature data. Moraine hillocks, picturesque small valleys, ditches and ravines as well as beautiful tree alleys harmonise perfectly with the existing monuments as well as the preserved original design of the village. The natural peculiarities of the area include: common oak trees (Quercus robur) with 500–630 cm circumference, a pine tree ravine, white poplar (Populus alba), while the occurring diversified site conditions contribute to the development of meadow communities of high index of floristic variation ranging from 1.96 to 3.51. Despite the fact that nearly 98% of plants were classified as plants of mezzohemorobe and euhemorobe sites and the synanthropisation index reached 78.6%, the natural and scenic as well as the cultural value of the Główna River valley allow and encourage various forms of ecotourism.
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Biological diversity decreases as a result of human activities. Progressing degradation of the natural environment made the EU member states cooperate in order to finance projects aimed at protecting the most valauble areas. EU funds enable to pursue economic and social cohesion policy, as well as to restructure and modernize national economies.These funds are also used for the purposes of agricultural landscape planning and protection. These are, among others, the European Agriculture Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF), Sector Operational Program for Restructuring and Modernization of the Food Sector and Rural Development, Integrated Operational Regional Development Program, Cohesion Fund and Community Initiative INTERREG III and LIFE Fund supporting a network of protected areas Nature 2000. EAGGF is based upon the Sector Operational Program and Rural Development Plan. One of the instruments of the Rural Development Plan is the National Agricultural and Environmental Program, composed of agroenvironmental packages. Agricultural and Environmental Programs are important tools for implementing EU directives in the field of nature protection.
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One of the most outstanding European landscape architects of the 19th century – Peter Joseph Lenné (1789–1866), during his 50-year long professional activity aimed at combining all elements of landscape. This study presents the landscape planning project, improving the ttractiveness of agricultural land, designed by Lenné for the Radaczewo estate (the Zachodniopomorskie province). The design prepared in 1825 covered the area of almost 1000 ha. The area comprised arable land, gardens, pastures, tree plantings, water bodies, etc. – structures and elements which merge and form a unique mosaic in the local landscape. Attention is drawn here to the irregular outlines of individual fields and crops – so different from the contemporary, rectangular shapes and divisions. Advantages and disadvantages of the solutions adopted in Radaczewo, along with an analysis of the preservation status of this object constituted the subject of this study.
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