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Struktura krajobrazu rolniczego w Parku Krajobrazowym im. gen. Dezyderego Chłapowskiego

Author(s): Elżbieta Raszeja / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2010

The General Dezydery Chłapowski Landscape Park occupies a special place in the system of protected areas in the Wielkopolska region. It was established to protect a unique, perfectly managed agricultural landscape, constituting the effect of the activity of Gen. Dezydery Chłapowski in the 19th century. A consciously designed composition of plant elements – characteristic wedges and belts of tree plantings, small forest enclaves, clumps of trees and alleys planted with trees add variety to the area of agricultural production, giving it the character of a park-like landscape. The diverse structure of the agricultural landscape enhances also its natural value, increases its biodiversity, enhances its resistance and regeneration ability. Studies on the landscape structure conducted in the Park include the analysis and characteristic of its elements and their mutual spatial relationships, as well as the evaluation of the durability of the historic forms, established by Gen. Chłapowski. An important stage in the study is the analysis of the landscape perception and the evaluation of its visual value. The area of the Gen. Dezydery Chłapowski Landscape Park is a kind of a testing area for the implementation of organic methods of agricultural production and a sustainable development of rural areas.

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Gospodarka przestrzenna w strefie podmiejskiej Olsztyna na podstawie obowiązujących planów zagospodarowania przestrzennego i decyzji o warunkach zabudowy i zagospodarowania terenu (ujęcie ilościowe)

Author(s): Sławomir Sobotka,Krzysztof Młynarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2010

Article covers the changes that were made in spatial development (by volume) in the suburban municipalities of Olsztyn in the years 1996–2008. Overall until the end of 2008 in the suburban area of Olsztyn, 216 spatial development plans were adopted. The dominant feature in plans of spatial development is a function of housing. It is presented in 175 plans (the symbol of MN or MU). In 29 cases the plans relate to the recreational function (UT). To a lesser extent, its presence highlights the function of Mining (PG)–concerns the 7 plans, production (P) – 4 plans. Only one plan deals with the protection of natural assets. It includes the ecological corridor of the River Lyna (WS). Plans include a total of 7511 ha area (5.5% of municipalities surface). It is worth noting that in the period 1996–2008 an increasing area of land is included into the spatial development plans. On the other hand, a large part of the property within them does not change its function. Retains its agricultural or forestry character. In the course of development (state at the end of 2008) is 35 development plans. In addition, in 2004–2008 was issued in the suburban area of 5193 decisions on conditions of build and area development. Including 2908 decisions (56.0% of state) related to detached houses (they cover 143 villages), and 98 decisions (1.9% of state) of residential build. Land area included in decisions on conditions of build and included in houses is 773.5 ha. In this study, one also drawn attention to the prospects of development, limitations and threats of spatial planning in the municipalities directly surrounding Olsztyn.

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Analiza systemu planowania przestrzennego we Francji w nawiązaniu do systemu polskiego

Author(s): Iwona Cieślak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2010

The objective of the present study was to make a comparative analysis of the spatial planning system in France and in Poland. The paper presents the main characteristics of the above system and the basis for its development, as well as essential planning documents, including their contents and the consequences of their adoption. The stages of the system and planning documents adopted in France are also discussed, with particular emphasis on their similarities to the solutions applied in Poland.

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Założenia cmentarne w krajobrazie wsi Lednickiego Parku Krajobrazowego. Kompozycje, zagrożenia, problemy rewaloryzacji

Author(s): Maria Chojnacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2010

Rituals connected with burial of the dead since the beginning of time have been essential characteristics of individual cultures. The Lednicki Landscape Park located 30 km east of the city of Pozna􀄔 is an area where one may follow burial traditions from prehistoric times to the present. In this area we may find burnt burials, Mediaeval cemeteries, characteristically formed and decorated with vegetation, presently unused evangelical cemeteries from the turn of the 19th and the 20th century, and operating Catholic cemeteries with valuable old tree stands. Tree stands of the historic necropolis in the unforested, agricultural landscape of the Park are significant dominant features and important elements of the culture landscape. Studies conducted in the years 2000–2004 in the Lednicki Landscape Park on the preservation of the cemetery planting arrangements confirmed progressing degradation of these planting arrangements starting from 1945 until the present. Losses in the tree stands of still used Catholic cemeteries, occurring in the last 15 years, are striking. The degradation of cemetery planting arrangements has not been stopped by these areas being protected. Precious values of the culture landscape of the Park are being irrevocably lost.

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Flora opuszczonych sadyb gospodarskich Warmii

Author(s): Mieczysława Aldona Fenyk,Krystyna Kuszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2010

The patterns of local settlement in the Warmia region remained under the strong influence of the Church until the first partition of Poland. As a result, both urban and rural areas in this region represented distinct land management practices. The post-war period saw large-scale human migration in the Regained Territories. The majority of abandoned farms quickly fell into ruin. From that time until today, the existing farmsteads have undergone great change and transformation. Now the only trace of the former spatial organization and rural development, and of the ornamental plant species preferred by previous residents, are well-preserved, abandoned, scattered dwellings. A floristic study was conducted during the years 2002–2005 in fifty farmsteads located in the eastern part of the Warmia region. The sites were characterized by high floristic richness – a total of 246 vascular plant species were identified there. Dendroflora was represented by 66 taxa. Species originating from old plantings, including primarily trees, fruit bushes, decorative shrubs and ornamental perennial plants, accounted for over 25% of the flora.

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Specyfika wybranych oddziaływań sieci drogowej na otaczającą przestrzeń

Author(s): Katarzyna Kocur-Bera / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2010

This article covers issues related to the effects of road infrastructure on the surrounding areas. The existing and constructed transport network fulfils a very important function in regional development and in communication between people. However, its influence is not always positive. Noise, vibration, air, water and soil pollution have a negative effect on the neighbourhood. It is possible to mitigate negative effects of some factors or to neutralize them, e.g. by erecting acoustic screens, constructing devices filtrating contamination or adding so-called “green bridges” for animals. Nevertheless, not all effects can be mitigated, therefore, each new investment should be considered from the perspective of environmental effects.

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Analiza zmian form użytkowania gruntów w Olsztynie w latach 1999–2009

Author(s): Małgorzata Renigier-Biłozor,Andrzej Biłozor / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2010

A town’s development manifests itself in the qualitative, quantitative and structural changes in land use, which take place at a certain time and place. The development is driven by the processes of spatial diffusion, from the town centres to the outskirts. The processes are linked to human activity in a particular area at a certain time. In terms of land management, they consist of replacing less intensive forms of land use with more intensive ones [Hopfer 1987, Bajerowski 2002]. The constant drive to obtain new land for residential buildings, seek alternative solutions for investment locations and the need to set the right trends in land management, all necessitate the application of new methods to aid the decision-making process concerning the change in the function of land around towns. An object of research were changes of land use forms in Olsztyn and regions in years 1999–2009.

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Wielkość ruchu budowlanego w gminach podmiejskich Olsztyna w latach 1995–2007

Author(s): Sławomir Sobotka,Krzysztof Młynarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2010

Years 1995–2007 are characterized by increased construction traffic in the suburban communities of Olsztyn. Overall, during the researched period, came into use 2486 of buildings, including 2181 single-family houses. Including the most, because 28.1%, in the municipality of Dywity and 17.7% in the municipality of Jonkowo. The volume of building traffic in communities is closely linked to the large number of villages, situated a short distance from Olsztyn. Most popular to live are characterized small villages directly adjacent to Olsztyn (eg Ostrzeszewo, Bartąg, Wadąg, Nikielkowo) and community-based villages and large villages along the district, provincial and national roads (eg Wójtowo, Legajny, Szczesna) up to 15 km distance from Olsztyn. With the development of single family building increases the population in the municipalities of the suburban area of Olsztyn. This increase was 13.7%. Its greatest value was recorded in the municipality of Dywity (26.0%). In other municipalities, it ranged from 4.7 to 17.5%. Moreover, of the 200 villages in the suburban area of Olsztyn in 110 (55% of state) has been an increase in population. The development of suburban area of Olsztyn alters the structure of land use and, consequently, the transformation of the agricultural landscape. They relate chiefly about 40 villages (20% state). Currently 5.5% of the municipalities area are a housing development and transportation network. In the future, given that the current pace of change, this figure may rise to about 10%.

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Krajobrazowe uwarunkowania rozwoju turystyki w Parku Krajobrazowym Wzgórz Dylewskich

Author(s): Anna Szydłowska,Krzysztof Młynarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2010

The subject of the work is an area of Landscape Parc “Wzgórza Dylewskie” with the logging of it. There were done researches which included possibilities of tourism development in the frame of landscape values. The parc distingmishes by unique dynamic of terrain shape and size of local denivelations as well as intensity of morphology forms in the comparison of the other areas in North Poland. The example of this is Dylewska Hill with 312.2 m above sea-level which is also the higest hill in Mazurian Lakeland. Additionaly the clean and less transformed environment and landscapes characterized as piedmont as well natural and rural decide of the high tourism potential of this area.

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Twierdza Poznań w krajobrazie na przestrzeni XIX i XX wieku – od krajobrazu rolniczego po zurbanizowany

Author(s): Agnieszka Wilkaniec,Piotr Urbański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2010

Boulding of Prussian fortress in Poznan was one of the largest construction work that had been influencing the city landscape till present days. By the end of 19th century area covered by the fortifications was much wider then urban space. Locations of the forts were precisly chosen in order to dominate and control their neighbourhood but also to be properly camouflaged. The camouflage creation depended on a kind and characteristic of landscape that fortress was situated in. In the case of Poznan Fortress, where the external ring forts were located in a rural lanscape, the fortyfication greenery forms had to be closely similar to existing one. Fortyfication objects has been incorporated into urban space and nowadays they become a part of city landscape.

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Analiza historyczno-krajobrazowa założenia pałacowo-parkowego w Trzebieszowicach

Author(s): Anna Zaręba,Piotr Reda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2010

Cultural landscape connected with the Biała Lądecka valley from Żelazno to Radochów is formed by palace and park compexes in Żelazno, Ołdrzychowice Kłodzkie, Trzebieszowice and Radochów. In modern, transformed landscape picturesqueness of the river and its recreational significance was wasted. Negative changes are visible on the example of park and palace complex in Trzebieszowice. This article presents results of historical analysis of the park in Trzebieszowice and its comparison with current spatial management. Authors took into consideration landscape connections of the historical park and its necessity of revalorization with reference to green system shaped along the river.

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Wykorzystywanie zasobu informacyjnego ewidencji gruntów i budynków w działaniach związanych z gospodarką przestrzenną w kontekście dyrektywy INSPIRE

Author(s): Kazimierz Zwirowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2010

Possesing reliable information about land is the one of the fundamental link of the rational management of the national economy, which is mainly percived in the context of realization of the different tasks connected with the land use and the strategy of the national economy development. From among a lot of data sets, one of the reference data is cadastre. To meet the users´ requirements for cadastral data, cadastral system should be of desired quality and effectiveness. Cadastral data sets should allow monitoring of the land in the context of the disinguished activities in spatial management, but also should be the fundamental element of the local spatial data infrastructures (SDI). Cadastral data sets of the local SDI should be limited, but these data should provide information resources of cadastre from the spatial management´s perspective and also adding the thematic layers which would reflect the specific research studies of the land use in the detailed manneThe use of information resources of cadastre in tasks of spatial management in the context of INSPIRE Directive Defining cadastral data set of that kind is possible after determining, on the basis of the results of the analysis of law and technical standards, the degree if utilizing the potential of the information resources of cadastre in the of spatial management. The results of the studies were worked out applying the scoring method. From among analyzed practical tasks of spatial management, the most tied to cadastral data sets are the development projects and management of property, and the most desired cadastral data are the parcel´s boundaries and the number, the land uses and the classes of soils, and their designations on the cadastral maps.

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Sztynort – naturalne wnętrze krajobrazowe w synergii z dziedzictwem kulturowym

Author(s): Wiesława Gadomska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2010

The paper presents the question of the co-existance of the palace in Sztynort and the surrounding park in their natural setting, on the shore of Sztynorckie Lake. The contemporary scenic relations of the landscape interior composed of the lake and the historic building have been lost due to the many years of transformations, often chaotic ones, in the analysed area. The presentday condition of the scenic relations and the manner in which the valuable palace is exposed today have been diagnosed. The negative consequences of the transformation of the shores of Sztynorckie Lake for the landscape values of this special place have been discussed. Some possible actions to be undertaken in order to protect the landscape values of the palace and its grounds have been suggested.

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Kierunki zmian składu gatunkowego runi na trawnikach rekreacyjnych

Author(s): Kazimierz Grabowski,Stefan Grzegorczyk,Emilia Marks,Henryk Kwietniewski,Agata Głowacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2010

In this paper we have shown the result of 5-years experiment related to direction of floristic composition of sward, designed and commercial mixtures which can be sowing on recreational lawns in Masurian Lakeland. Exact experiment microfields founded on 14 May 1998 with split-plot method, three times repeted, on antropogenic soil, formed from loamy sand. Floristic composition was estimated on a basis of botanical and weighting analyses every year in autumn. It was shown that species composition of mixtures on recreational lawns changed dynamically. In the first year of experiment Lolium perenne (leadnig species) was dominated species of sward but after frosty winter has been withdrawn. The most durable were Festuca rubra (leadnig species) and Poa pratensis (co-component). The other co-component of mixtures: Festuca ovina, Festuca heterophylla, and Agrostis capillaris were in sward in small part. Among different variants the most profitable floristic composition had mixture no 11: Poa pratensis Alicja, Festuca rubra Nimba, Festuca rubra Adio, Agrostis capillaris Igeka and commercial mixture Johnson “Wimbledon”.

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Zmiany funkcjonalno-przestrzenne wybranych założeń dworsko-parkowych regionu Kociewia

Author(s): Agnieszka Jaszczak,Krzysztof Młynarczyk,Aleksandra Woźnicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2010

Palace and parcs groups in the region Kociewie have nowadays different functions and using programs. Unfortunetly a lot of them were destroyed, and those one which are now, loosed the first compositional and functional system. The goal of this work is analysis of the functional and spatial changes of the choosed palace and parc groups of the region Kociewie with diagnosis of the actual condition and valorization of the conservation possibilities.

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Plonowanie i cechy biometryczne owoców rokitnika zwyczajnego Hippophaë Rhamnoides L

Author(s): Zdzisław Kawecki,Anna Bieniek,Marina Szałkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2010

During the years 2001–2004, the yield and morphology of fruit of 4 Belarus varieties of common sea buckhorn: Podarok Sadu, Botaniczeskaja, Otradnaja, Trofimowskaja and the Baltic form that was not a variety obtained from local seeds were investigated in the Experimental Garden of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. The bushes used for the investigation were five years old. On the basis of the conducted tests it was established that the yield, mass, length and width of the fruit of cultivated varieties of common sea buckhorn are related to the individual characteristics and complex of specific climate-soil conditions. The climate – soil conditions of Olsztyn were favorable for development of Belarus varieties of common sea buckhorn. The maximum yield was obtained in 2003 when the highest yields were produced by Otrodnaja variety (20.07 kg per bush) and Podarok Sadu variety (17.07 kg per bush). In 2004 the yields of fruit were the lowest (average for the varieties 1.37 kg per bush).

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Geoinformacja w zarządzaniu siecią transportową – część I

Author(s): Katarzyna Kocur-Bera / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2010

This article presents the functions of transport networks. These mainly include service, transfer, integration and acceleration functions. Management of networks fulfilling so many functions requires an appropriate information base. The article examines which information and database systems are used to support decision-making while managing national and provincial roads. Each of the managers gathers similar data, although their scopes differ. GIS technology makes it possible to visualize selected data and phenomena. The possibility of obtaining information on the spatial location of road network attributes allows gathering of thematic geo-information systems, which help in making decisions related to transport network maintenance and management.

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Pola uprawne i użytki zielone we współczesnym krajobrazie rolniczym

Author(s): Marek Marks,Janusz Nowicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2010

The paper presents definitions of landscape according to different criteria. An attempt was also made at characterizing the agricultural landscape considering its basic components, i.e. cultivated fields and green use land. The major threats to functioning of contemporary agriculture and areas of conflict between development and protection of agricultural landscape were identified. Additionally, a proposal for systemic and local solutions aimed at preventing of liquidating those threats was presented. It was concluded that landscape formed by agriculture is characterized by spatial variability resulting from the form of use and differentiated contents of biocenoses, which in turn results in seasonal differences in color and height depending on the species of crop and its development phase. Additionally it varies and is volatile over time; colorful and interesting from lavish development of plants in the spring until harvest and later generally monotonous, gray and unattractive.

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Przekształcenia w składzie dendroflory w dolinie środkowej Warty

Author(s): Tadeusz Tylkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2010

Considerable area of riparian forests in the middle valley of the Warta River (nearby Radzewo village) was transformed to meadows and pastures. Some tree species, connected with those sites, i.e. black and white poplars, were cut off, died or are dying. The key conditions responsible for natural regeneration of this two species undergo rapid changes as a result of disturbances in flooding water flow related to establishment (in 1986) of retention reservoir in Jeziorsko and artificial draining of this area. The ecological niche, previously suitably for poplars is filled up by invasive North American species of Acer negundo (boxelder or ashleaf maple). The seeds of this maple were probably brought with floods from nearby places. Mass appearance of young generations of Acer negundo is a result of easy generative propagation of this species. The last living female trees of black poplar are now under threat and only protection ex situ of seeds (stored in traditional way or in liquid nitrogen) will make possible to regenerate this population in the future.

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Stan zachowania dawnych założeń parku ziemskiego w Szymonowie

Author(s): Jadwiga Waźbińska,Zdzisław Kawecki,Wiktor Knercer / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2010

A village and former manor house and park establishments in Szymonowo are located 9 km south of Małdyty, in the vicinity of Lake Ruda Woda. They cover a total area of 6.32 ha. The manor house, built in the 19th century, is situated in the park. Until 1928 the whole estate was owned by Count Finck von Finckenstein. In the years 1945-1946 the estate in Szymonowo was taken over by the State and a children’s home was established there. The shape of the landscape park resembles an equilateral triangle. Main alleys run from the manor house towards two ponds and along the line connecting both ponds on the western side. As concerns the former establishments, the park architecture and some alleys have survived until today. An old-growth forest, dominated by Acer platanoides L., Ulmus laevis L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Tilia cordata Mill., Picea abies L. Karst, is also well-preserved. Near the manor house, to the north-west, there are monument oaktrees (Quercus robur L.) whose breast height is 380 to 450 cm. Along the western boundary of the park there are tree lines composed mainly of Norway spruces and small-leaved limes. Only some of the walkways have survived.

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