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Gentrification in Istanbul and its (In)adequate Mediation of “Distant” Suffering - a Documentary Analysis

Author(s): Isabelle Mariacher / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Istanbul was once home to various ethnic and religious minorities, such as Armenians, Greeks, Roma, Jews and others. The population exchange between Greece and Turkey in 1923, the wealth tax in 1942, the Istanbul riots in 1955 and the Armenian Genocide during and after World War I played an important part in the migration processes of Jews, Armenians, Greeks and other minority groups (Sakizlioglu and Uitermark, 2014; Powell, 2014; Kreiser and Neumann, 2006). Several sources verify that the gentrification processes in some areas of Istanbul have their roots exactly in these migration patterns (Ergün, 2004; Islam et al., 2010; Sakizlioglu and Uitermark, 2014). The term migration, of course, is problematic in this context, because it “tends to obscure the fact that our firms and government agencies, and those of our allies, may have contributed to expulsions” (Sassen, 2013, p.1). Saskia Sassen (2015) detects a proliferation of urban transformations in big cities around the world and Sakizlioglu and Uitermark (2014), as well as Islam et al. (2010) even confirm an accelerated urban transformation for Istanbul.

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Cultural Adaptation of Somali Female Asylum Seekers in Isparta

Author(s): Burcu Özdemir,Münevver Göker / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Due to the civil war that broke put in Somalia in early 1990s, a lot of Somali people had to flee the country and Turkey has been one of the popular destinations for asylum seekers. Report of UNHRC (2016) total 3.849 Somali asylum-seeker and refugees have been reported to be residing in Turkey. Isparta, which has been selected as a satellite city for Somali asylum seekers. Many of these people have been living in Isparta for a long time without knowing what future holds for them. Since Syrian war has been in the centre of attention for many researchers and officials, the state of Somali asylum seekers has been neglected as an issue of interest. Especially, women, who are one of the most disadvantaged groups both in society and at war time, are very much understudied. For this reason, this study aims to shed a light on the migration histories and living conditions of Somali women who are living in the province of Isparta, in Turkey.

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Turkey’s Policy on Employment of Syrian Refugees and its Impact on the Turkish Labour Market

Author(s): Cihan Kızıl / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The war in Syria is one of the worst humanitarian crisis of our time, with millions of people forced into refugee status in neighbouring countries. In addition, at least 470,000 Syrians have died in this conflict and Syria has lost 29.8 per cent of its HDI value in 2015 compared to 2010 (SCPR, 2016, p.17). As the immediate neighbour, Turkey has responded to this humanitarian crisis, declaring a temporary protection regime for Syrian asylum-seekers and setting up 26 camps where 267,000 people are currently staying. The country already struggles to cope with nearly 3 million Syrian refugees, and this number may rise further following the agreement to stop Syrian refugees from flooding into the EU.

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Goodbye Germany: Migration Intentions of Highly Qualified Turks

Author(s): Mustafa Nail Alkan,Cemali Sarı / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The migration of young, well-educated Turkish academics from Germany to their parents’ home country has become a stronger focus for the integration debate in recent years. The problem appears particularly through the fact that structurally well integrated Turkish migrants of the second and third generation, who are multilingual and intercultural focused, leave Germany voluntarily and thus their work capacity is consequently lost in Germany. As motifs for migration, unfavorable chances of success in career are often mentioned, which are associated with a disadvantage and discrimination in employment and furthermore are accompanied by social exclusion mechanisms (Griese, & Sievers, 2010, Sezer, & Dağlar, 2009). Many of them do not feel being fully accepted in Germany and therefore they leave the country to move to Turkey, where they can expeditiously become successful in their careers using their professional qualifications acquired in Germany (Alkan, 2011). The migration can thus be interpreted as an averting from the German society as well as an evidence of a lack of integration and a failed integration policy, because despite the fact that these individuals were born and grew up in Germany and went through the German education system, they desire to leave the country (Aydın, 2012).

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Migration and Security: Three Capitals and Three Terrorist Attacks as Reflected in the Press

Author(s): Filiz Goktuna Yaylaci,Mine Karakuş Yetkin,Melis Karakuş / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

On October 10, 2015 a rally named “Peace right now against War, Peace, Labour Democracy” was organized at one of the central squares of Ankara the Capital of Turkey. The gathering place for the rally was at the gate of Central Station. At 10:04 as the crowds gathered and passengers were getting out of the newly arrived train two suicide attacks occurred. The attack was described as the deadliest throughout the history of the Turkish Republic. 103 people lost their lives 246 injured. The attack was claimed by ISIS.

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Internal Migration of Turkey’s Older Population

Author(s): Sutay Yavuz / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Internal population movements began to gain momentum in the mid-1950s in Turkey due to significant political, economic and social transformation that the country had experienced after the Second World War (SIS, 1996; İçduygu & Sirkeci, 1998; Özbay & Yücel, 2001; Kocaman, 2008). Likewise, in many other contexts in Turkey too, internal migration gained speed and began to affect Turkey’s economic, social and political dynamics with massive “rural to urban” flows in 1950s (SIS, 1996; Özbay & Yücel, 2001). This migration type continued to dominate 1960s and 1970s as well. Beginning from the 1980s, urbanization level increased substantial level and urban centers largely began to receive population from other district centers. That is to say, since then principal direction of migration changed to “urban to urban” type (Gedik, 1998).

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Studies on Migration and Education in Turkey: A General Evaluation

Author(s): Ali Faruk Yaylacı,Filiz Goktuna Yaylaci / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The migration phenomenon has remained an important part of human life throughout history. The migration was required to find food and survive during the initiation of human communities on the earth. Constant migration was the normality (Dustmann & Glitz, 2011). As a normal element of the communal living, the migration remains a permanent concept, although it has undergone a transformation in terms of its reasons or form. The migration phenomenon has been causing fundamental changes on social structures with the impact of current political or technological advancements as well. As found out by Heckmann (2008) within the context of Europe, the migration will be an important figure in the future, just like it was in the past. Migration has become a crucial issue, one that is likely to dominate political agendas for many years to come (King & Lulle, 2016; Rystad, 1992). The people have been interested in changes that occurred in the distribution of human population for many years, but it has been covered by systematic analyses relatively for a shorter period of time. Despite being a common and significant element of the history of humanity, migration was covered by scientific researches firstly during the late 19th century. As a result, there has been a substantial increase in the number of social scientific researches analyzing the migration phenomenon until 1930s (Anderson, 1962; Greenwood & Hunt, 2003). Anderson (1962) stresses that the quantitative increase in the number of studies on migration from 1930s until 1960s refers to the fact that the migration phenomenon will remain a popular field of study. Such an increase in the scientific studies regarding migration which has been continuing until now shows the legitimacy of these findings.

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RESTRICTIVE ASYLUM POLICIES AND REFLECTIONS IN THE LABOUR MARKET: THE CASES OF ITALY AND TURKEY

Author(s): Anita C. Butera,Secil Ertorer / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Introduction The term globalization has been a main topic of political and academic debate since late 1980s. Broadly speaking, globalization refers to free movement of goods, service and people in an integrated manner; referred as coming all countries together. One of the main characteristics of globalization is the increase in migratory flows of people as a result of political, economic, or environmental causes as well as easier access to information, means of travel and communication.

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WHOSE DIASPORA? RETHINKING DIASPORA POLITICS: CHINA’S OVERSEAS CHINESE ENGAGEMENT IN TRANSNATIONAL SPACES

Author(s): Carsten Schäfer / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In recent years, migration studies have increasingly started to draw attention to diaspora strategies pursued by nation states. Indeed, diaspora policies are becoming a common phenomenon in the globalized world: Large sending states such as China long have developed policies intended to embrace and control “their diaspora”. Using the example of Chinese migrants in Austria, this article focusses on China’s policies towards overseas Chinese and the complex transnational environments in which they unfold and evolve: How are these policies put into practice? And what actors exert influence on these processes? The mixed-method approach of this study is based on a qualitative content analysis of two Chinese language weeklies in Austria (Europe Weekly, hereafter: EW, and the Huaxinbao, HXB), of the Austrian Chinese internet forums www.achina.at (AC) and www.outuo.net (OT), as well as of Chinese state media. Included into the analysis are articles and postings that focus on activities of overseas Chinese organizations (mainly in Austria), on meetings between Chinese migrants and Chinese state officials, as well as on China’s overseas Chinese strategies. In addition, the analysis includes a critical interpretation and analysis of official Chinese documents, official statements by Chinese politicians, teaching materials for Chinese cadres, official publications on China’s diaspora politics, as well as of Chinese language research conducted in China.

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Idiosyncratic Identity of Muslim Turks and the Romani of Bulgaria: Rethinking Human Security through the prism of Self-Governing Rights

Author(s): Francesco Trupia / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Bulgaria is one of the few countries in the Balkan region without a recent history of bloody ethnic conflict generated or related to interreligious relations. From a historical perspective, the Muslim and Christian communities have been living peacefully side by side despite Bulgarian Muslims’ overall lack of inclusion in current everyday life in the Republic of Bulgaria. However, parallel to a high-level of inequality and marginalization, lack of empowerment, inclusiveness and influence within the political landscape have dominated Bulgarian opinions on autochthonous ethnic minority groups, guiding these opinions toward misconceptions as well as into a “culture of silence” in which policy discussions and conversations related to minority groups are made almost exclusively behind closed doors. In this so-called “century of terrorism” , while the national scenario has recently shown how much human security can go forward due to the “dark zone” under which social groups might be exposed to processes of radicalization, Bulgarian Muslim communities continue to represent a concern in the Bulgarian context.

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Forced migration and psychosocial health: meaning-making through autobiographical narratives in the UK

Author(s): Maria Psoinos / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper explores how refugees in the UK perceive the relation between their experience of migration and their psychosocial health. Autobiographical narrative interviews were carried out with fifteen refugees residing in the UK. The findings reveal a contrast between the negative stereotypes concerning refugees’ psychosocial health and the participants’ own perceptions. Two of the three emerging narratives suggest a more balanced view of refugees’ psychosocial health, since in contrast to the stereotypes most participants did not perceive this through the lens of ‘vulnerability’. The third narrative revealed that a hostile social context can negatively shape refugees’ perceptions of their psychosocial health. This runs counter to the stereotype of refugees as being exclusively responsible for their ‘passiveness’ and therefore for the problems they face.

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Migration, life narratives, memory and subjectivity: Reflections on an archival project on Irish migration

Author(s): Breda Gray / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This article considers three theoretical approaches (late-modern, postmodern and feminist) to the apparent obsession with self-narration and memory in the early twenty-first century as they relate to an archival project on Irish migration. This archival project focused on the life narratives of those who witnessed mass out-migration from 1950s Ireland. The article reflects on the extent to which this project and the motivations of both the researchers and contributors reflect these theoretical accounts of the biographical turn.

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SOCIAL MEDIA USE IN LGBTQI MOVEMENTS IN TURKEY

Author(s): Sinan Aşçı / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

To deepen our understanding of the relationship between social media and political movements since 2013 when Gezi Park Protests sparked as a wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Turkey, events must have been situated in a larger context of media use and recent history of online activism. Since that day, the most successful social movements in Turkey were those using social media to expand networks of disaffected people, broker relations between activists, and globalize the resources. By this way, social media afforded those people the means to shape repertoires of contention, frame the issues, propagate unifying symbols, and transform online activism into offline protests. Because of being apparently excluded in all the forms of mass media, dissenting voices tend to form alternative spheres creating a different public sphere, a type of public sphere which is increasing the possibilities for a public articulation of experience. As a way of “survey research,” social media accounts of LGBTQI NGOs in Twitter, as an online public sphere, were observed in a meta analysis way. Data collected from this first-hand observation was evaluated with the help of content analysis techniques. The survey sample was designated with these accounts’ names, number of posts, followers, and other/optional information stated in the accounts specifically belonging to the platform. Based on the data, this chapter aims to analyze what LGBTQI individuals generate for resistance, and how they have used social media in their movements since 2013, precisely based on the use of social media platform mentioned above during Pride Weeks in subjected years. The findings shed light on the social media use and habits of LGBTQI communities.

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Dropping out of Education: Refugee Youth Who Arrived as Unaccompanied Minors and Separated Children

Author(s): Aycan Çelikaksoy,Eskil Wadensjö / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Unaccompanied minors or separated children (UMs) are children under the age of 18 who are outside their country of origin and came to Sweden unaccompanied by a parent or other legal guardian. Such migration has increased around the world and it is the most fragile type of migration across countries. This population is considered ‘vulnerable’ due to their young age during the fleeing process combined with the fact that they are unaccompanied by their parents or legal guardians (Derluyn and Broekaert, 2008; Derluyn and Vervliet, 2012; Rodriguez, et al., 2018). These children face heightened vulnerability to exploitation, and violations of their rights by virtue of their age and status. The global movement of unaccompanied and separated children presents challenges for children’s rights and well-being. Research on unaccompanied minors has often focused on vulnerabilities of this group (Derluyn et al., 2008). However, recent studies have increasingly stressed the strength, resilience, and agency of unaccompanied minors (UMs), despite the traumatic experiences and challenges (see e.g. Luster et al., 2010).

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Eritrean Unaccompanied Refugee Minors in The Netherlands: Well-being and Health

Author(s): Anna de Haan,Yodit Jacob,Trudy Mooren,Winta Ghebreab / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In 2015, 379,766 Eritreans worldwide sought asylum in another country or were on the road (2015, UNHCR). In the last few years there has been a growing number of unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs) from Eritrea. Of the 33,380 Eritreans that applied for asylum in Europe in 2016 (IND, 2017), 2870 applied for asylum in the Netherlands, of whom 773 Eritrean URMs (CBS, 2016).

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The Syrian Youth Refugees’ Social and Economic Engagement in Lebanon

Author(s): Suzanne Menhem / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Lebanon is recognized as a country with a uniquely deep experience of emigration and immigration, under which I include the mass inflows of refugees characteristic of the twentieth century in the Eastern Mediterranean.

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Attitudes of Social Work Students towards Syrian Refugees in Turkey

Author(s): Veli Duyan,Fulya Akgül Gök,Burcu Özdemir Ocaklı,Ezgi Arslan Özdemir,Münevver Eryalçın,Tuba Yüceer Kardeş / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The conflict in Syria has forced many Syrians to leave their country and seek asylum mainly in other neighbouring countries including Turkey. Starting with 2011, Turkey has been a host for many Syrian refugees and the number is still continuing to increase. According to the most up-to-date statistics released by the Directorate General of Migration Management, as of December 2017, there are 3,400,195 Syrian refugees are registered in Turkey (DGMM, 2017). This huge influx of Syrian refugees has created some social discomfort and unrest among local Turkish people and many professions have been affected by these negative connotations associated with Syrian refugees. Social workers, who closely work with the Syrian refugee population are also amongst those who are negatively affected.

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Lebanon’s Political Discourse and the Role of the UNHCR in the “safe and secure return” of Syrian Refugees from Lebanon into the so-called “secure” zones in Syria

Author(s): Laura El Chemali / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The conflict in Syria began in March 2011, after that 15 young boys were kidnapped and tortured in the town of Daraa in the South of the country. The group of young boys were captured because they supported with graffiti the Arab revolutions. One of the boys, Hamza al-Khateeb, died due to his injuries in the age of 13 years in the Syrian village of Daraa (Tomass, 2016). The social unrests in Syria took first the shape of peaceful protests – as in Tunisia and Egypt - the discontent of the Syrian people was related to limited freedoms of opinion, raising unemployment rates and limited professional opportunities especially for the younger generation (Mostafiz, 2014).

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Politics of Hosting Syrian refugees: Cases from Jordan and Lebanon

Author(s): Nur Köprülü / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The 2011 Arab uprisings which has engulfed most of the Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa had produced dramatic results for the Syrian people. The Syrian uprisings have just entered its eighth year and many Syrian refugees remain in exile as their country continues to face a proxy war. The total number of registered refugees by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNCHR) is 5,657,439 (UNCHR, 2019a). The Syrian crisis is mostly characterized as a protracted conflict among the regional as well as global actors having divergent interests pertaining the future of the country, i.e. with Syria under Bashar Assad rule or without Syria. More than 13,5 million people require humanitarian assistance (AUB, 2018) and about 6 million Syrian refugees worldwide are hosted in Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq and Egypt. Another 6 million are also internally displaced in Syria. The overwhelming majority of Syrian refugees fled to neighbouring states, primarily to Turkey (3,630,767) (UNCHR, 2019b), Lebanon (944,613c), and Jordan (660,393d).

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Migration, Integration and Power. The Image of “the Dumb Swede” in Swede Hollow and the Image of Contemporary New Swedes in One Eye Red and She Is Not Me

Author(s): Maria Bäcke / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Immigrant voices rarely get their time in the spotlight in mainstream media and therefore their stories rarely get the reception needed for the general public to understand what it is like to be an immigrant or a refugee, but this literary analysis of three novels-Ola Larsmo’s Swede Hollow (2016), Jonas Hassen Khemiri’s Ett Öga Rött [One Eye Red, my transl.] (2003) and Golnaz Hashemzadeh’s She Is Not Me (2015)-shows how literature can provide precisely that perspective. Swede Hollow maps a time of Swedish late 19th century and early 20th century immigration into the United States. Extensively researched and based on authentic, contemporary sources, Larsmo highlights the characters’ toil and hardships in the new country, but he also shows their paths to becoming established U.S. citizens. The two latter novels are written by authors who themselves are well acquainted with contemporary migration and integration issues and processes in Sweden. Khemiri is of Swedish Tunisian origin and his novel portrays immigrant life in a Swedish multiethnic suburb of Stockholm with a 15-year-old boy, Halim, as its main character. The Hashemzadeh family’s country of origin is Iran and Golnaz Hashemzadeh arrived in Sweden at the age of three. Her semi autobiographical novel She Is Not Me portrays “the Girl’s” journey growing up in Swedish almost exclusively white and middle-class Gustavsberg, and her ambition as she was accepted at the most prestigious universities in Sweden, but also the costs for her personally.

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