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Two Bronze Objects of Western Origin in the Saharna Microregion, Rezina District, Republic of Moldova

Author(s): Aurel Zanoci / Language(s): English Issue: Supplement/2021

In the Saharna microregion (Rezina district, Republic of Moldova), four settlements and one burial attributed to the Holercani-Hansca culture are currently known. In the settlements Saharna Mare / “Dealul Mănăstirii” and Saharna “Rude”, a bronze hairpin of Ösennadel type and a crescent pendant with vertically perforated shank were recently discovered. Both objects have many analogies in Transylvania as well as in Central Europe, being dated within the period Bz D - Ha A1. Along with the finds from Saharna microregion, in the area of the Holercani-Hansca culture, in the sites of Calfa, Holercani, Coșnița and others, other bronze artifacts are known, also of Western origin and having the same chronological markers. Thus, the presence of these objects denotes the connections of the communities from the Prut-Dniester area with Transylvania and Central Europe.

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Câteva date despre perioada mijlocie a epocii bronzului la Bodeștii de Jos-Cetățuia Frumușica (jud. Neamț)

Author(s): Roxana Munteanu,Daniel Garvăn / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXXVIII/2022

The paper presents the data collected during the research conducted in 2011-2013 at Bodeștii de Jos. This multi-layered site is located in Eastern Romania, in the piedmont area near Piatra-Neamț, on the left high bank of the Cracău river. The Middle Bronze Age features consist of a uniform, almost continuous layer of stones (marl and cobbles), that appears to cover the entire plateau. 369 shards were recovered from this layer (from between, beneath and above the stones) most of them with distinctive features for the Costișa culture. This batch of pottery includes fragments of small biconical vessels and cups, large bowls, pots and amphorae-like vessels. The range of ornaments is typical for the Costișa cultural milieu. No dwellings or other habitat related features were unearthed. The Middle Bronze Age layer is considered to encompass a non-domestic enclosure.

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Cercetările arheologice preventive de la Săcălușești-Dealul Buga (com. Agapia, jud. Neamț) și câteva contribuții privind epoca bronzului și prima epocă a fierului în zona subcarpatică a Moldovei

Author(s): Vasile Diaconu,Constantin Preoteasa,Alexandru Gafincu,Doru Bogdan,Bogdan Bobînă,Ancuța I. Bobînă,Cristina Trif / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXXVIII/2022

This paper presents the results of the archaeological rescue research performed in 2021 in the site of Săcălușești-Dealul Buga (Agapia commune, Neamț County), located in the Neamț Depression of the Moldavian Subcarpathians. Carried out over an area of circa 5000 m2, the investigations highlighted some archaeological complexes, more exactly a dwelling and 17 pits. Chronologically, the oldest habitation belongs to the Early Bronze Age and is represented only by a few ceramic shards. As the Late Bronze Age is concerned, the habitation is proven by 2 pits alongside some ceramic findings. The most archaeological complexes from the site are dating back in the First Iron Age and are represented by a dwelling and some pits. The dwelling was not researched entirely, but we can affirm that it was a large construction (above 65 square meters), made on a twig structure covered with clay. A hearth, a large quantity of pottery and a clay spindle-wheel were found inside the dwelling. The site of Săcălușești is important by the fact that it covers multiple habituation periods (from the Bronze Age to the First Iron Age), with good analogies in the nearby areas.

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Restaurarea și conservarea unor amenajări interioare aparținând sanctuarului cu etaj din etapa Cucuteni B1 de la Poduri-Dealul Ghindaru (județul Bacău)

Author(s): Dumitru Bostan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXXVIII/2022

In 2006, at the archaeological tell-site of Poduri-Dealul Ghindaru (Bacău County), following the research carried out, a sanctuary with floor with a rich inventory (including interior fittings), from Cucuteni B1 stage, has been discovered. The sampling, restoration and conservation of the parts required special precautions considering the structural fragility of the material and consequently the conservation operations started from the site stage. When the hearth was taken, a wooden box was built around the piece to ensure the necessary protection during transport to the laboratory in the museum. In the laboratory stage, the layer of soil at the base of the hearth was removed and the object was further subjected to the restoration flow. After creating a solid plaster base to support the load in optimal safety conditions, the wooden box was removed without any risk. In the following stages, the piece was strengthened by glue injections, then reconstituted, chromatically reintegrated and the final conservation was carried out. In the case of the banquette, the same precautions were necessary, the object being carefully packed and brought to the laboratory in the museum. A first reconstruction was attempted and the fragments were one by one washed and unloaded from the soil traces not before being examined. The banquette followed the usual cycle of restoration until final assembly through the process considered most appropriate to preserve the strength and integrity of the assembly by juxtaposing large fragments. Being unusual cases in laboratory practice, the restoration of the artefacts required prompt and effective measures to solve the newly created situations.

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ORIGINS AND MIGRATIONS OF THE THRACIANS

Author(s): Stanislav Grigoriev / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Origins of people speaking Indo-European languages is one of the most discussed issues in archeology and linguistics. One theory suggests their spread from the Near East. The Balkans are a key region for solving the problem as it is located at the crossroads between Asia Minor, Central Europe and the Eurasian steppe. The Thracians were the largest ancient people of the region, and their origin was associated with different areas. The presence of Thracian place-names from Hungary to Greece and Asia Minor does not allow us to reliably localize their homeland. But analysis of cultural processes in the region demonstrates that after the appearance of the Near Eastern cultural complex in the Neolithic, further development in the Northern Balkans had local roots. The most significant event was the Early/Middle Bronze Age transition at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC, when people with chariots came from the Near East, which lead to the appearance of a series of new cultures in the Carpathian Basin. Only at the end of the Late Bronze Age (last centuries of the 2nd millennium BC), did the culture of this area spread to Southern Thrace, which resulted in the occupation by the Thracians of the entire area known from written sources.

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CONCERNING BRONZE AGE FUNERARY FINDS FROM MEDIAŞ

Author(s): Cristian Ioan Popa / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

The paper discusses certain funerary finds, especially some possible ones, belonging to the Bronze Age, from the Mediaş-“Hăşmaş” site. Besides a Wietenberg cremation grave, there are arguments for including other finds among those with a Wietenberg funerary character, including a vessel conserved in the Mediaş museum, which outlines a group of graves in the respective site. Another discovery, kept in the same museum, may belong to a funerary discovery, namely a quadrilobed vessel with a perforated bottom, which documents burials during the Late Bronze, at the level of the Gligoreşti group, or the Noua culture. As we are talking about ancient finds, some without a precise context, certain information is missing, but those that could be recovered indicate some burials during the Middle and Late Bronze.

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Tracy B. Henley, Matt J. Rossano, Edward P. Kardas (ed.), Handbook of Cognitive Archaeology. Psychology in Prehistory

Author(s): Noria Petrache / Language(s): Romanian Issue: IX/2023

Review of: Tracy B. Henley, Matt J. Rossano, Edward P. Kardas (ed.), Handbook of Cognitive Archaeology. Psychology in Prehistory, New York, Routledge, 2020, pp. 545, ISBN: 978-1-1385-9450-0

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Od narodu szlacheckiego do narodu wszystkich warstw – tworzenie się nowoczesnego narodu polskiego w XIX w. i na początku XX w.

Author(s): Tadeusz Stegner / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

In the nineteenth century on Polish lands we are dealing with rapid civilizational, economic and social changes. State divisions are gradually disappearing. New structures are formed. These changes also apply to national issues. We can say that in the nineteenth century the concept of nation changed: from a political nation of the nobility to a nation of ethnic Polish origin, where language and religion played a significant role. The Polish peasant population, Polish bourgeoisie, and workers to a large extent integrated with the Polish nation, joined the Polish landed gentry and intelligentsia. A nation was emerging, encompassing all social strata. On the other hand, the non-Polish-speaking Ukrainian, Belarusian, Lithuanian and Jewish communities began to define their nationality not as Polish, but more and more often as Ukrainian, Lithuanian, Jewish to a lesser extent, or Belarusian. These processes will intensify in the interwar period, when we will be dealing with an independent Polish state implementing its nationality policy.

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EARLY BRONZE AGE BURIAL MOUNDS IN SOUTHEAST TRANSYLVANIA

Author(s): Hajnal Szász / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The Early Bronze Age (EBA) burial mounds of SE Transylvania are relatively less researched, compared to other regions of the Carpathian Basin, such as the Great Hungarian Plain or the Apuseni Mountains (Romania). This type of burial rite in the Late Copper Age – Early Bronze Age period is believed to originate from the north‑Pontic steppes (Yamnaya), although the presence of this group has not yet been proved in SE Transylvania. With just four cemeteries identified in the specialized literature (Ocland–Dealul Pietros, Brăduț–Dealul cu Cioturi, Dealul Rotund, Tortoma, Eresteghin–Zadogoș, Ariușd–Piatra Veghe), this deficiency is explained by historical events and the positioning of the mounds: these are found on higher grounds, on mountain ridges, which are rather difficult to access. Some of the known sites were already researched in the 19th century; however, significant new survey or excavation has been done more than a hundred years after their first discovery. The ongoing debate in the scientific community on some aspects of terminology and chronology of the archaeological cultures make interpretations difficult as well.

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ÜBERLEGUNGEN ZUR DATIERUNG UND ZUSAMMENSETZUNG DES BRONZEZEITLICHEN HANDWERKERHORTS VON TIMIŞOARA‑FRATELIA, JUD. TIMIŞ, RUMÄNIEN

Author(s): Oliver Dietrich / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2022

1972 wurde in Timişoara, auf dem Gebiet einer Ziegelei im Süden des Stadtviertels Fratelia, ein Hort entdeckt. Zu den Fundumständen ist mnicht mehr bekannt, als dass drei Bronzen – ein Tüllenmeißel, ein Schaftlochhammer und ein Amboss – von der Schaufel einer Knetmaschine für Lehm gerettet wurden und ein Jahr darauf ins Muzeul Banatului Timişoara gelangten. Das möglichweise nicht komplette Ensemble wurde als „Inventar einer kleinen Werkstatt, in der man vorwiegend bronzenes oder kupfernes Blech zur Herstellung von Metallgefasen erzeugte“, mithin als Metallhandwerkerhort publiziert, mit allen methodischen Schwierigkeiten, die diese Bezeichnung mit sich bringt.

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MILITARY CARTOGRAPHY OF SERBIAN LANDS DURING THE LAST AUSTRO-TURKISH WAR (1788–1791)

Author(s): Yevhen Horb / Language(s): English Issue: 30/2023

The Austro-Turkish War of 1788–1791 has not yet been properly reflected in scientific literature despite the fact that in a certain way this last conflict between the Ottomans and the Holy Roman Empire “awakened the Balkans” and became a catalyst for the national liberation movement of the Serbs, which gained strength at the beginning of the 19th century. The territory of modern Serbia became a central theater of military actions in this difficult positional war, and those were the Serbs who ensured the success of many military operations of the Austrian troops. The war of 1788–1791 belonged to those conflicts, the history of which was written, so to speak, “in real time”, and this in many ways created certain stereotypes in the reproduction of the pattern of military actions. The one-sidedness and stereotyped nature of the narrative sources can be compensated by using large cartographic material — both published and stored in the archives of Austria, Hungary, Turkey, Ukraine, Russia, etc. Serbia as a theater of military actions is depicted on most of these maps and military topographical plans developed in the last quarter of the 18th century, but, with the exception of the Josephinian Land Survey, none of them have become the object of even cataloging and classification, not to mention its careful studying. Therefore, the00 proposed article is the first comprehensive attempt to summarize the information about cartographic sources regarding Serbian lands during the Austro-Turkish War of 1788–1791. As additional sources, to verify historical and geographical information, military topographical descriptions of Serbian lands compiled by the Austrian administration and periodicals of the war period were used.

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О структуре археологического и функционального керамического комплексов Кукутень-Триполья

Author(s): Ilja V. Palaguta,Elena Starkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2021

Ceramics is the most widespread archaeological material, therefore, changes in the vessels’ shapes and decoration became the basis for the establishing of relative chronology and identification of the local groups of sites of the most Prehistoric cultures. In addition to such an applied study of pottery, there is a need for a more detailed study of archaeological and functional assemblages as an independent phenomenon closely related to other technologies and to the changes in the economic and household sphere. The set of vessel shapes of the Tripolye-Cucuteni culture is diverse, including up to 8-12 varieties. It was formed already at an earliest stage in the development of the culture (Tripolye A-Precucuteni), and retained its main features during the subsequent development of the culture (Tripolye BI, BII, CI – Cucuteni A, A-B, B periods). But a number of forms and categories of pottery have undergone significant changes. The ratio of certain vessel’s forms largely depends on the “use-life” of certain types of vessels and the characteristics of the formation of the cultural layer in a particular settlement.

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Cu privire la cronologia și periodizarea necropolei de tip Zarubincy de la Voronino (reg. Jitkavichy, Bielorusia)

Author(s): Vasile Iarmulschi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2021

În articol este analizată cronologia relativă și absolută a necropolei de tip Zarubincy de la Voronino. Pe baza asocierii pieselor de inventar, au fost delimitate două faze de evoluție a sitului. S-a constatat că etapele respective pot fi sincronizate cu LT C2 și începutul LT D1, ceea ce în date absolute corespunde perioadei cuprinse între cel de-al doilea sfert al secolului al II-lea și primele decenii ale secolului I a. Chr.

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Determination of the Paleolithic reindeer sex applying the K-means algorithm to frontal bones with pedicles

Author(s): Roman Croitor / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The article presents the application of K-means clustering algorithm to sorting female and male pedicles of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) from the Paleolithic site of Cosăuţi from Soroca District (the Republic of Moldova). According to the obtained results, 29.8% of frontal bones with pedicles belong to males, while the rest of 70.2% of specimens belong to females. The obtained value of the sex ratio of the reindeer pedicle sample confirms the earlier study that obtained the same results based on sexual dimorphism of limb bones. The volume of pedicles represents the most secure parameter that allows to distinguish female pedicles from male pedicles. The distribution of pedicle volume size in the samples of males and females corresponds to the age profiles of the samples.

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Promišljanja o identitetu, etnicitetu i "helenizaciji" predrimske Liburnije

Author(s): Charles Barnett / Language(s): English,Croatian Issue: 3/2016

It is widely accepted that the Liburni, at some point in the Iron Age, ruled over much of the Adriatic. Professor Slobodan Čače was the first scholar to truly challenge these narratives through a critique of the written sources. The aim of this paper is to build upon the work of Čače in seeking to rethink identities in pre-Roman Liburnia through analysis of ancient literary sources. It also takes a multidisciplinary approach, and seeks to address ideas about identity and cultural change through material culture. A reexamination is undertaken into Liburnian identity through archaeological evidence, and the transformations it apparently went through during the Iron Age, focusing on ideas about ethno-cultural identities and ‘Hellenization’ in interpretations of developments in Liburnia during the last 4 centuries BCE.

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The Kilt and the Tunic of Anubis: Religious Iconography at the Service of Chronology in the Egyptian Thebes of the 2nd Century AD

Author(s): Jónatan Ortiz-García / Language(s): English Issue: 27/2023

A collective burial from the early 2nd century AD, reusing the Theban Tomb 32, built in the Egyptian New Kingdom, offers a unique opportunity to learn about the practices of funerary workshops of the time. The particularity of this family group related to an archon named Soter lies in the fact that it allows the dating of their funerary assemblages in absolute and relative terms, as well as elements of their iconography. This circumstance is helpful for the study of these objects as well as other contemporary or nearby items. To illustrate the potential of this approach, we will focus on the image of the god Anubis when he accompanies the deceased to their judgement before Osiris.

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Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegworterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Foljet e shqipes së vjetër: fjalori i konkordancave, parahistori dhe etimologji)

Author(s): Anila Omari / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 01-02/2017

Review of: Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegworterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Foljet e shqipes së vjetër: fjalori i konkordancave, parahistori dhe etimologji)/ Stefan Schumacher dhe Joachim Matzinger. Me bashkëpunim të Anna-Maria Adaktylos. - Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2013. (Albanische Forschungen; 33)

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MONOGRAPH “STUDIES IN THE PREHISTORY OF ALBANIA”

Author(s): Adem Bunguri / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2021

Review of: ’’Smdies in the Prehistory of Albania” with co-authors F. Prendi - A. Bunguri (ISBN-978-9928-256-48-5) and format B5 (21x17.5cm), is the English version of the monograph ’’Studies on the Prehistory of Albania” (Tirana 2014) (ISBN978-9928-172-18- 1). The publisher is Dr. Shafi GASHI (Prizren).

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NEW ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA ON THE PREHISTORY OF THE SCANDERBEG’S BURIAL GROUND

Author(s): Gëzim Hoxha / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2022

The first archaeological excavations which have been carried out at the church of Saint Nicolas (albanian: Shën Kolli) in Lezhë, were only partial. On the other side, it should be mentioned that these were realized even under a time pressure since was going to celebrate in Tirana the 500th anniversary of the death (14.01.1968) of our national hero Gjergj Kastrioti-Skënderbeu.

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135 years since the foundation of romanian archaeological society in Chernivtsy (Bucovine)

Author(s): Bogdan-Petru Niculică / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The present study marks the anniversary of an important moment in Romanian archaeology, which, towards the end of the 19th century, was dispersed across two great empires: the Austro-Hungarian and the Tsarist Empires, as well as in the Kingdom of Romania. In 1886, on June 12, the financial inspector Dionisie Olinescu from Cernăuți, the capital of Bucovina, founded the Romanian Archaeological Society, the first national, Romanian archaeological society in this province, having as its patrimonial base the collections of the former Siret Museum Society of Captain Josef von Gutter, who died on May 8, 1886. An amateur archaeologist, with legal studies in Vienna, Innsbruck and Cernăuți, self-taught with a tireless passion for antiquities, for archaeology and the conservation/protection of heritage, Dionisie Olinescu dedicated his entire life to knowledge. His results were recognized by high scientific forums of the time: in 1886 he was appointed a member of the Romanian Geographical Society in Bucharest, and in 1891 he became a corresponding member of the Central Commission in Vienna. The Romanian Archaeological Society was intended to support the rescue of the heritage/antiquities of Bukovina and to contribute to the establishment of a National Museum. Olinescu is the most important vector of affirmation of the science of archaeology in the province, he intensively published, not only scientific studies, but also articles in well-known Romanian magazines: Tribuna (Sibiu), Familia (Oradea), Voința națională (Bucharest). Alongside his rich journalism, in which he promoted national values and archaeology, he also produced major works, such as the first archaeological repertoire of Bucovina: Charta archeologica a Bucovinea (Bucharest 1894) (1896), in text format, to which is added the map itself, preserved in manuscript at the Library of the Romanian Academy. These lines constitute a succinct synthesis of the personality of Dionisie Olinescu and his unique creation: the Romanian Archaeological Society of Cernăuți, thus marking the 135th anniversary of the founding of the society.

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