THE FEAR OF SILENCE AND SOLITUDE

Author(s): Julijana Kojić / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2021

From a philosophical standpoint, silence is characterized as both a positive and a negative phenomenon of complex nature. The history of interest in silence, as an essential spiritual discipline is long and often involves the spiritual discipline of solitude and they are sometimes viewed as one. The focus of this paper is the place of silence and solitude in practiced spirituality and the importance of dedicating time for silence in order to open our inner being to God’s grace and an authentic life. However, deliberate silence can be dangerous because it opens a real possibility of facing who we are before God, so consequentially leading to realizations of whom and what are our gods, idols and totems. The fear of loneliness and emptiness, awareness of limitations and death, and other unappealing realities are a part of what we may encounter in silence.

Dindarlığın Psikolojik İyi Oluş Üzerine Etkisi: Meta-Analitik Bir Çalışma

Author(s): Mehmet Çınar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2021

The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of religiosity on psychological well-being via meta-analytical method. In addition, the presence of moderator variables that may cause the influence quantity which was calculated as a result of meta-analytical process, is analysed. For these aims, studies that are suitable for the criterion of choice were identified. Within this context, without applying a criterion for date, the influence quantity of 10 thesis studies were calculated, which analyse the correlation between religiosity and psychological well-being, and which include the number of samples used in meta-analysis and the number of pearson correlation coefficient (r) valu. Regarding the theses included in this study, 3 (30%) of them doctoral theses and 7(70%) of them are master’s theses. The number of people in samples is 5.914, 3.848 (65,06%) of which are from doctoral, and 2.066 (34,94%) of which are from master’s theses. For the analysis of the data, CMA (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 2.0) statistical package program was used. The publication bias of the researches covered in this study was analysed via “Funnel Plot Graphic”, “Classic fail-safe N”, “Begg and Mazumdar rank correlations” and “Egger’s regression test” statistics methods. As a result of these statistical analyses, no evidence of publication bias has been found. Heterogeneity test was conducted to identify which model is to be used in measuring the influence quantity of the researches included in the study. The Q(sd=9) statistical value for its heterogeneity was measured as 114,90 (p<.01). If the obtained Q value read from the chi-square table (sd=9, χ2(0,05)16,919) exceeds 9 degree of freedom and .05confidence level values, it means that the data is heterogeneous. Another method used to determine heterogeneity is to measure I2 percentage value. The I2 value calculated through the obtained data is 92,167%. In the literature, the reference points for this value are respectively 25%, 50%, 75% as low, medium and high. In this sense, it is seen that the influence quantity distributions are highly-heterogeneous with a value of I2=92,167. According to the heterogeneity test results, there are two models, via which we can find the average influence quantity in meta-analysis namely, fixed effects model and random effects model. The fixed effects model depends on the assumption that all the compiled researches predict exactly the same influence. The fixed effect models assume that the variance between the results of researches stem from the data connected to one another of the researches. Random effects model, however, projects that it is better to make an analysis considering the variance inside and between the researches. It is assumed, in random effects model, that there are differences in terms of influence quantity between all researches. Since this study is heterogeneous, random effects model was used in meta-analysis process. According to the data included in meta-analysis, the influence quantity was calculated as positive .143. The lower limit for this influence quantity was calculated as .042, and the upper limit was calculated as .243. It was concluded that this influence quantity was in a low level. Scientific publication types and sample group were considered as moderator variables which can influence the relation between religiosity and psychological well-being. In this context, the average influence quantity of the studies covered in meta-analysis according to the mixed effects model for the subsample group in Fisher’s z is respectively .203 for families of martyrs, .148 for students, .233 for teachers, -.097 for the elderly, .098 for funeral service workers and .165 for mixed sample group. The average influence quantity for these subsample groups was not considered to be statistically significant (QB=1,577; p>0,05). According to this, it was concluded that the sample groups in the studies covered in the meta-analysis did not have a moderator role in the relationship between religiosity and psychological well-being. In addition, the average influence quantity for scientific publication types in Fisher’s z is respectively .193 for PhD, and .118 for master’s degree. The average influence quantity for these subsample groups was not considered to be statistically significant (QB=0,384; p>0,05), either. In other words, the type of publication does not play a moderator role in the relationship between religiosity and psychological well-being.

Wybrane aspekty religijności u osób z niepełnosprawnością ruchową

Author(s): Ewa Jaglarz,Agnieszka Popiel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 61/2023

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to show selected aspects of religiosity in the context of disability or lack of it – its status in the lives of people with disabilities and the personal or non-personal nature of the relationship with God. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The main research problem was to determine what overall scores people with physical disabilities obtained on the Centrality of Religiosity Scale and the Personal Relationship to God Scale in comparison with people without disabilities, and what scores they obtained in such dimensions of religiosity as beliefs, prayer, updated relationship, mutual relationship and dialogical relationship, and in the dimension of cult and interest dimensions compared to people without disabilities. Dedicated scales, and a self-constructed survey questionnaire, were used to verify the formulated hypotheses. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The article discusses the issue of religion and religiosity on psychological grounds, in particular, its role and function that it can play in the lives of people with illnesses and disabilities. It was examined with the use of data statistical analysis, whether selected aspects of religiosity of people with physical disabilities significantly differ from the religiosity of people without disabilities, and whether religion plays an important role in the lives of people with physical disabilities. RESEARCH RESULTS: As a result of the statistical analysis, it was determined that the studied dimensions of religiosity are not related to disability. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: It is difficult to generalize the results obtained because of several factors: the population of people with disabilities is the most heterogeneous community, a specific set of scales was used, which does not exhaust the issue of religiosity, and, finally, the size of the surveyed population does not entitle to far-reaching generalizations.

6 Şubat Kahramanmaraş Depremlerinde Din Hizmetleri: Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik Bağlamında Bir Saha Araştırması

Author(s): Abdullah İnce,Yunus Emre TEMİZ,Ziya Erdinç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 50/2023

Natural disasters are one of the periods when the need for religious services emerges clearly. This need is clearly seen from the interpretation of disasters to the solution of post-disaster mental and spiritual problems. The Presidency of Religious Affairs, in coordination with other state institutions, provided various services in order to meet the needs of the individiual and the society after natural disasters. Spiritual counseling and guidance, which is one of the most important of these, is a service provided within the scope of meeting the psychological and spiritual needs of people after a disaster, keeping their morale high and making sense of the disaster. The study is based on the following question: What are the spiritual counseling services provided by the religious officials in the acute period after the disaster, and how do these services work? The aim of this research is to determine the current status of the Spiritual Counseling and Guidance (SCG) service, which is an essential component of the religious services offered in the provinces most affected by the earthquake, by the Presidency of Religious Affairs after Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes on February 6, 2023, through the observations made on the service providers and service recipients, and to develop recommendations. This study was carried out by focusing on the cultural analysis (ethnography) design, which is one of the qualitative research approaches. Participated and unattended observation was used as a data collection technique in the research, and a semi-structured observation form was used as a data collection tool. At the end of this field research, it was observed that under the current conditions, SCG services are not based on a systematic counselor-counselee relationship, but rather on a consolation process in which visits, asking about well-being, chatting, reciting the Qur’an, and praying come to the fore. As it was the the first weeks after the earthquake, it was found that it was common to provide spiritual counseling and guidance services (SCG) through funeral services, cemetery visits, conversations in mosques. It has been determined that the public`s approach to the services provided is positive, but the access to young people remains limited. One-to-one communication and regular visits by the Directorate of Religious Affairs officials with the disaster victims facilitated services other than spiritual counseling and guidance. Therefore, reducing the services provided by Directorate of Religious Affairs religious education only means not evaluating the service provided in the region sufficiently.

The Arghesians Psalms between faith and denial

Author(s): Marius Valeriu Grecu,Daniela Diaconu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Tudor Arghezi was one of the poets who succeeded to impress not only the critics and literary analysts, but also the society that produced him from publication of his first poem of the debut volume. Critic writers of his time looked at him, at Arghezi, with some reserve and bewilderment, as it was Eugen Ionescu, who turned from denigrating into profound sympathetic fan. Regarding the complexity and perfection of his work, not being able to be framed just in a category namely, the gifted Arghezi gave a new and unique direction in the Romanian literature, through diversity and specificity. Starting from the statement to Ovidiu S. Crohmălniceanu: " In the pose of a poet of faith and denial, Arghezi is struggling but between error and truth. The differences that separated him from the thinkers, explains the human background of his lyrics resulting from this spiritual struggle, as well as his evolution later on"(1960: 145), we will try to show validity stated by the critic, through a synthesis of those most important reviews of the critic about the psalmist's work, trying to we do a deep analysis of some psalms.

Baba-Oğul İlişkisinin Ergenlik Döneminde Dini İnanç ve Benlik Saygısı Üzerindeki Rolü

Author(s): Zübeyir Özgür,Sema Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2023

Adolescence is the phase in which the individual leaves childhood and directs his/her own life by being influenced by factors such as family, social environment, childhood experiences and religion. It is also a struggle to discover their true identity. The journey of self-discovery is shaped by both internal factors, such as subconscious processes, ideas about oneself, and past experiences, and external factors, such as family and social environment. When it comes to boys, the father figure is the most significant influence. The individual's positive approach and attitude towards his/her self/essence, which is usually formed by the answer to the question "who am I?", constitutes self-esteem and is closely related to religious belief. In this context, the main purpose of the article is to determine the position of the father-son relationship on religious beliefs and self-esteem during adolescence. The sample of the research is 510 male students studying in six different official secondary education institution in Batman province. Research data collected questionnaires consisting of a Personal Information Form, Paternity Scale, Religious Belief Scale for Adolescents and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The research is a quantitative study conducted according to the relational screening model. As the result of the findings obtained in the quantitative research conducted according to the relational survey model, it was found that there were siginificant differences between socio-demographic characteristics and the Paternity Scale and its sub-scales, the Religious Belief Scale for Adolescents and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. As a consequences of the correlation analysis between the Paternity Scale, Religious Belief Scale for Adolescents and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, no significant difference was observed.

Attachment and Imagination in Coptic Christians` Religious and Aesthetic Experiences

Author(s): Monica Boulis,Jacob Lang,Despina Stamatopoulou,Gerald C. Cupchick / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Coptic Orthodox iconography is a living tradition from a community that is underrepresented in the psychology of religion. It offers a prism for empirical investigation of religious aesthetic experiences and psychosocial factors that colour this class of experiences. This article reports a mixed-methods study focusing on attachment and imagination in experiences with Coptic icons. We qualitatively explored the significance of iconography within the community, with expert interviews revealing a dual function of the icon in public and private prayer lives. Home interviews with a subsample of Copts presenting secure attachment tendencies (n = 15) explored personal relationships to icons. These revealed themes related to physical space, narrative identity, and communication to the Divine. A cross-sectional survey (N = 88) was treated with principal components analyses, a correlation matrix, and two-way ANOVA. Participants endorsing secure attachments tended towards more intensity and security in relation to their religion and icons. In contrast, insecurely attached participants had less knowledge of icons and presented with expressive imagination, or a sensitivity to metaphor and fantasy. Developed in consultation with religious community members, this study presents new insights on attachment, imagination, religiosity, and cultural belonging.

Religiosity and Secularisation of Polish Youth in the 21st Century. Quantitative Research Analysis

Author(s): Janusz Mariański,Paweł Mąkosa,Helena Słotwińska,Marta Buk-Cegiełka / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

In this article, we analyse the religiosity and secularisation processes of secondary school youth on several selected levels: religious affiliation, changes inreligiosity, belief in a personal God, compulsory and non-compulsory religious practices, i.e. personal prayer. These analyses are based on the results of a so-ciological survey as part of the research project ‘Religious education of Polishyouth – current state, opportunities and challenges’, conducted in Novemberand December 2022 and January 2023. The study involved 1,672 male andfemale students from secondary schools across Poland. The results of the studyconfirm the increasingly dynamic secularisation processes.

UTICAJ FOJERBAHA NA FROJDOVU KRITIKU RELIGIJE

Author(s): Srđan Jevtić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 39/2023

The main goal of this paper is to consider the potential influence that Feuerbach had on Freud, primarily considering the similarity of their views on religion. The possibility of interpreting Freud’s hypotheses about the genesis and function of religion as a psychoanalytic elaboration of Feuerbach’s anthropological reconstruction of religion is pointed out. It turns out that it is not unfounded to claim that the basis of the criticism of religion by both thinkers is the same ultimate goal - not atheism as a mere denial of the existence of God, but a call for the return of man to himself and all his potential. What is less obvious when it comes to Feuerbach’s influence on Freud, and what is pointed out in this paper, is the possibility that some of Freud’s basic psychoanalytic concepts were also inspired by Feuerbach’s philosophy.

PSIHONEUROIMUNOLOŠKA REAKCIJA NA RITUAL: DINAMIKA RITUALA KAO DETERMINANTA PSIHOSOMATSKE TRANSFORMACIJE

Author(s): Sonja Pejić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 28/2017

In this paper, the dynamic aspects of the ritual are analyzed in order to illuminate the influence of ritual practices on the psychoneuroimmunological state of the organism. The assumption is that the specific characteristics of rituals, especially religious rituals, can have a positive effect in the treatment of patients and achieving homeostasis. The specific dynamic of the rituals is analyzed from the aspect of production of certain experiences in the process of performing rituals, that is, psychoneuroimmunological changes that one ritual can challenge at the individual and group level.

RELIGIOZNOST I MENTALNO ZDRAVLJE – DA LI SVEŠTENIK MOŽE BITI PSIHIJATAR?

Author(s): Tara Rukeci / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 23/2015

РЕЛИГИЈА И МЕНТАЛНО ЗДРАВЉЕ

Author(s): Zorica S. Kuburić,Ana Zotova / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 20/2013

The topic of this research is the analysis of the relation between religiosity and mental health of believers of the Orthodox and Protestant churches in comparison to the general population and the population of psychiatric patients in Serbia. The main goal of the research was to examine effects that religiosity had on mental health, as well as to examine whether there was a difference between different types of religiosity and religious affiliation (churches and sects). This comparative research was conducted in Belgrade and Novi Sad between 1998 and 2013. The sample was comprised of 621 respondents. According to results, there are differences between healthy and ill respondents that are significant on all variables, while differences between different groups of believers can be observed only on some variables. Questions that this paper seeks to answer are: Which variables related to mental health are influenced by religion, and does religion improve or imperil mental health? In what way does the society establish criteria for evaluating the other and the different and in how does this reflect on self-image? These and numerous other questions asked during the work open the possibility of practical application of this research.

SOCIJALNO INTUICIONISTIČKI MODEL I KRITIKA DEONTOLOŠKIH POSTAVKI KOLBERGOVE TEORIJE MORALNOG RAZVOJA

Author(s): Aleksandra D. Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 16/2011

This article gives an overview of the contemporary debate in psychology of morality between rationalists and intuitionists, that is shaped trough the critique of deontological presuppositions in Kohlberg's theory of moral development. The author gives a short outline of the deontological assumptions Kohlberg starts with, and the charges by Johnathan Haidt and Joshua Greene that rationalist position can not explain the complexities of moral decision-making. The intuitionist approach to morality has posed considerable challenges to rationalist positions in recent years. The main claim of the intuitionists is that moral decisions are caused by quick moral intuitions, and that moral reflection is post hoc and unnecessary. Haidt offered an alternative to the rationalist model of morality with his social-intuitionist model. The basic presupposition of this model is that moral judgment is very much like aesthetic judgment – while witnessing an action or hearing a narrative, a person has an immediate sense of approval or disapproval. After analyzing both positions, the author claims that rationalist models can answer to intuitionist criticism and explain the phenomenon of heuristics in moral decision-making. An argument for the rationalist position is that previous rational decisions may become quick or automatic, i.e. post-thought intuitions. Although the debate between rationalists and intuitionists has a long history, the differences are not insurmountable. Both sides agree on the fact that humans have emotions and intuitions, that they make rational decisions, and that other peoples judgments influence these decisions. The article concludes that the challenge facing moral psychology is to determine how these processes fit.

ПОГЛЕДИ НА РЕЛИГИЈУ У ТЕОРИЈАМА ПСИХОЛОГА ПРВЕ ПОЛОВИНЕ XX ВЕКА

Author(s): Nikica Stanojković,Nebojša Petrović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 14/2010

This paper deals with different views on religion and religiosity, from theoretical systems of psychologists from the first half of XX century: William James, Sigmund Freud, Alfreda Adler, Carl G. Jung and Abraham Maslow.

PSIHOLOŠKI ASPEKTI RELIGIJSKOG ISKUSTVA I PITANJE KONVERZIJE

Author(s): Srđan Sremac / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 9/2008

In this article the author address the issue of the analysis and clasification of psychological aspects of religious experience and the role of the phenomena of conversion as well. Also, the author explores the issues of the idea of the Holy, mystical experience, and religious experience in charismatic movements

RELIGIJSKI STRAH I PSIHOLOŠKE POSLEDICE

Author(s): Radmilo Bodiroga / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2004

In this work is discussed about the religious fear as well as psychological consequences it causes. It deals for the most part with religious fear in Christianity and less with that in Paganism, that is to say in primitive belief. The basic questions raised in this work are: To what extent is the religious fear present in the feelings of religious people? What are the psychological consequences of religious fear? and Is the faith of people who serve God out of fear of better quality or not? In other words, the intention of this work is to analyze the presence of fear from God and other supernatural creatures in Christianity and Paganism, as well as the value of religious fear referring to the psychic life of religious people and quality of their religiosity.

JOGA DLA CHRZEŚCIJANINA…? – PRÓBA RECEPCJI NA PODSTAWIE DOŚWIADCZENIA MISTYCZNEGO W JOGASUTRACH PATAŃDŻALEGO

Author(s): Przemysław Filipkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2023

The author of the article, analyzing the mystical experience described in Yoga Sutras ofPatanjali, tries to answer the question: Is yoga a threat for a Christian? In respect of this, heanalyzes relevant source texts for yoga practice, its connotations and the teachings of theChurch’s magisterium.

Addressing Concrete Human Experience: C.S. Lewis’s Theology of Language as an Inspiration for Today

Author(s): Barbora Šmejdová / Language(s): English Issue: 9-12/2022

The aim of the paper is to introduce the basic starting points of C.S. Lewis’s theologyof language and offer a possible interconnection of his insights in order to sketch thebackground on which we can search for the language of theology that would be comprehensibleand approachable today. Starting with the introduction of Lewis’s understandingof metaphor in line with the contemporary findings of cognitive linguistics,the paper argues for the view of the figurative nature of human language. In the followingchapters, it shows how such a view is interconnected with Lewis’s approach towardsmyth and the doctrine of the Incarnation to suggest that the contemporary language oftheology should be based on the interconnectedness between the divine and naturalorder, body and spirit, concrete action and abstraction.

John Best. Bilişsel Psikoloji

Author(s): Üsame Balıkçı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 49/2024

The work under review, titled Cognitive Psychology, is authored by one of the prominent figures in the field, John Best. Cognitive psychology has evolved parallel to the developments in computer technology and information processing theories, particularly after the Second World War. The primary goal of this field is to examine mental processes by delving into the underlying causes of behaviors. In the context of cognitive psychology, the reviewed work is crafted to provide an alternative resource for those academically engaged with the field. Our evaluation will systematically examine aspects such as the subject and purpose, language and style, method, and work content. Considering the classification, style, and method used by the author in the work, it is evident that the material is particularly tailored for students and individuals engaged with cognitive psychology at an academic level, potentially serving as a textbook.

Interferențe interculturale referitoare la dialogul dintre știintă și religie

Author(s): Mihai Valentin Vladimirescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

The article delves into the dynamic interaction between science and religion,highlighting both historical conflicts and moments of mutual cooperation. It focuseson how cosmological paradigms and ethical principles from both fields intertwine,shaping religious doctrines' interpretations and our perception of the universe.Particularly notable is how recent scientific discoveries reinterpret and adapt thefundamental meanings of sacred texts, underscoring the critical importance ofongoing dialogue between science and religion in developing a holistic andintegrated view of reality.