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Okoliczności wydania poematu Hugo, czyli debiut Słowackiego na łamach „wyborowego co do treści noworocznika”

Author(s): Elżbieta Szyngiel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

The author describes in the article the circumstances of publishing the poem Hugo by Juliusz Słowacki in the New Year’s “Melitele” edited by Antoni Edward Odyniec. The publication of the poem was the debut of the young poet. The song, described for years as unsuccessful and imitative, has only in the last thirty years gained value and more attention from researchers.The following aspects of the issue of the debut in “Melitele” were analyzed: the editorial work of Odyniec, the specifics of the New Year in comparison to other publications of this type on the publishing market at the time, its program nature and place in the literary life of Warsaw, as well as opinions expressed about it by readers.The author tries to show that the choice of “Melitele” for the place of publication of the first piece of print resulted mainly from the living conditions of the young poet, entangled by a kind of social triangle between Salomea Bécu and Odyniec, and facing the discrepancy between the desire for fame and the subsequent reluctance to his own literary practice.

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Robak i robactwo w twórczości Władysława Syrokomli

Author(s): Grzegorz Igliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The aim of this article is to determine the frequency of occurrence of the terms “worm” and “insects” in the works of Władysław Syrokomla. An assumption is made that these themes have an important function in the poet’s works, and that their occurrence indicates something of significance. The article considers both the functionality and repeatability criteria, which is the necessary foundation for recording these items. The conducted analyses indicate that Syrokomla’s insects (regardless of whether they have a literal or metaphorical meaning) in most cases signal something evil. Sometimes it is an ordinary pest (insect) damaging plants, but more frequently the insect refers to the human condition, characterising it in three dimensions: as the worm of death, as the worm of internal suffering or as the worm of insignificance. In other cases, worms or insects represent curses or sin. The diversity of how such zoomorphic connotations are presented and applied deserves attention. Moreover, although the majority of them have long-established cultural and literary traditions, in Syrokomla’s works they gain a new context (for example, historical, folk or social). They indicate sensitivity to injustice and evil. The poet frequently presents the human world by analogy to the world of nature.

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Listy Tomasza Zana z więzienia. Czy w izolacji można pisać rozdziałki?

Author(s): Anna Pisula / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article attempts to investigate in what way Tomasz Zan’s works changed as a result of author’s experience of isolation while being imprisoned. Rozdziałki, a genre original to the author, develop parallelly with Zan’s biography. They reflected the feeling of loneliness and other circumstances of his time in prison by measures such as the poetics of dreams and imagination, the use of a specific literary codes and elements of grotesque. The analysis of Zan’s works written in prison leads to the conclusion that the author’s attitude towards literature evolved during his life, and especially as a result of his imprisonment.

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Schizofrenia we Wróżeniu z wnętrzności Wita Szostaka

Author(s): Jan Potkański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article is a close reading of Wit Szostak’s „Haruspicy”. The novel is told from the first-person perspective, by an autistic narrator, whose alienation is a result of a psychotic crisis. The protagonist, who did not speak for several years, slowly starts his movement towards the world, mediated by language. This return is represented as “writing in whispers,” from which the narrative of the novel originates. The story design may be understood as an exemplification of Jacques Lacan’s psychoanalytical theories, as the protagonist manages to deal with the world only so far as he remains in a mirroring identification with his twin brother. As soon as this relation breaks down, the psychosis relapses.

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Idée sur les romans Donatiena Alphonse’a Françoisa de Sade’a. Rozważania na temat utworu

Author(s): Ewelina Sochacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article shows the wider literary context of the epoch and deﬁnes the creative inspirations of the author in past and historic events. An Essay on Novels, servings as the introduction to the collection of short stories The Crimes of Love (1800), is discussed in a broader, holistic context of a publication containing 11 titles. Sade’s deﬁnition of the novel is presented and analyzed, from an outline developed by him of the history of literature from ancient Egypt to the present and his prediction of the future, and the most important motives and attributes of ﬁctional works through-out history were enumerated in accordance with his guidelines. The rules of writing that Sade formulated in relation to the works of Samuel Richardson and Henry Fielding are another subject discussed here. De Sade’assessment of the work by contemporary writers and his literary forecasts were juxtaposed with the romantic features of the coming era: the desire for freneticism and horror caused by the French Revolution. The text is presented in a broader historical context of the 1800s (M. Milewska, Vinegar and Tears) and a comparative one with references to the works and literary thought of Polish writers (M. Janion, Romantyzm, rewolucja, marksizm. Colloquia gdańskie). The article also draws attention to footnotes penned by de Sade and his reﬂections on the contemporary book market. The aim here is to gain a deeper understanding of the writings of the Marquis and show his deep knowledge of literature.

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Dwaj mężczyźni na drodze. Trójkąty erotyczne w twórczości Marka Hłaski

Author(s): Dominika Kobiałka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The main goal of this paper was to present relations between men in Marek Hłasko’s prose in the framework informed by new perspectives on gender, men’s studies and René Girard’s interpretation of the concept of a love triangle. At ﬁrst sight the characters are connected only by male brotherhood and inseparable friendship. Homoeroticism and relationships bordering on pederasty are hidden behind the veil of close companionship. However, tightening bonds within male homosocial relations between characters resulted in a deepening sense of isolation and the desire to escape. The interpretation of selected extracts led me to the conclusion that male ﬁgures in Hłasko’s writings are not, as previously presumed, merely prisoners of the stereotyped modes of behavior engendered in biological sex.

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Czy potrzebna jest nam jeszcze tradycja?

Author(s): Tomasz Chachulski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2023

The literary tradition is treated more and more ambivalently in school practice. However, it is not only what subsequent generations of readers find – it is shaped by them in a process of constant choice, while depreciating it is also a way of defining the tradition as chosen by the next generation. As for the literature of the Baroque era – knowledge about it has undergone the deepest change over the last half-century – the main barrier seems to be the archaic language and the scale of references to the Greco- Roman tradition. However, there is no adequate motivation to overcome it. The way to break the distance to the literature of the past is, first of all, to update the tradition at least partially; some of the works present in the school programs were selected a hundred years ago and are often not adequate to contemporary problems. There are no specific propos- als for change, although the names of Wacław Potocki, Jan Andrzej Morsztyn and other poets of that time are mentioned. School literary education gives students the opportunity to find themselves in the here and now reality, builds in them a system of assessment and ways of understanding that will remain part of the intellectual and aesthetic formation of a high school graduate.

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Działalność Rady Książki w Polsce w latach 1937–1939

Author(s): Monika Olczak-Kardas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The Council of Books – a society intended to promote Polish books in the country and abroad, promoting readership among the population, and a culture of books – was active in Poland in the years 1937–1939. The goal of the following piece is to present its activity and in particular its work methods. To aid in the collection and processing of materials, the source analysis method and the analysis and critique of written text. A wide range of actors representing various parts of the literary community were involved in creating the Council of Books. In order to to identify the problems which existed in the book market at that time, the Council called up special commissions, and a survey was created to explore the rationale of book choices. The main activities initiated by the Council of Books were the publishing of theme-based list of books, intended to help (customers) in choosing books. Another policy was the creation of book vouchers, which were intended to rejuvenate the the book market and promote the buying of books. The ad campaign „One more book!” was organised from March 12th – April 4th, 1938. It was supposed to be broad propaganda campaign, conducted via printed media and the radio. Various forms of advertising were used: posters informing customers about the ad campaign, fliers explaining the details of the ad campaign, press conferences, contests (in particular, a contest for the best-produced Polish book of 1937, a contest for the cover with the best propaganda value in 1937). The Council of Books was not able to realise all its planned undertakings. The reason for this were financial problems, along with a lack of involvement of sufficient numbers of people. An unquestionable positive legacy of the council was the attempt to consolidate all the individuals and companies involved with production and distribution of books, which was a significant achievement given all the challenges faced in the book market at the time.

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Początki egzemplarza obowiązkowego druków w realiach pierwszych miesięcy funkcjonowania Polskiego Komitetu Wyzwolenia Narodowego w 1944 roku

Author(s): Andrzej Albiniak,Elżbieta s. Monika Albiniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

Following the 1944 installation of the communist authorities in the Lubelskie region, the Ministry of Education for the Polish Comittee of National Liberation undertook the problem of restoring the practice of legal deposit, in the areas liberated from German occupation. Kazimierz Zieleniewski, a candidate for the directorship of the Lopacinski Library in Lublin, most likely influenced the interest of the communist authorities in this particular issue. Although he was unsuccessful in obtaining this post, he did become the director of the National Council Library, which became the basis for the later Parliamentarian Library. He attempted to impress upon the Regional Council in Lublin the necessity of obtaining legal deposits in post-war Poland. This aforementioned body in fact passed on Zieleniewski’s correspondence to the Ministry of Education for the Polish Committee for National Liberation, and it was specifically PCNL which finally mandated that press agencies begin to transfer printed copies, and that the Lopacinski library should begin to collect advance copies, with the intent that these collections be eventually transferred to regional libraries in territories already liberated, and in the territories that in 1944 were planned additions to post-war Poland.

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Literatura dla dzieci w języku kaszubskim: książki i ich czytelnicy

Author(s): Danuta Stanulewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

Kashubian, officially recognized as a regional language in 2005, has a long literary tradition dating back to 1586, when Szimón Krofey, a Lutheran pastor, translated a book of religious songs from German into Kashubian and published it in Gdańsk.The aim of this paper is to present a brief overview of children’s literature in Kashubian and of its readers. As in the case of children’s literature written in other languages, some of its sources are found in folk texts. Today, literary works for children published in Kashubian include not only folk fairy tales and legends, but also modern fantastic and realistic stories as well as plays and poems.The target readers are children learning Kashubian at school, frequently employing Polish at home in conversations with their parents and siblings. Children’s Kashubian literature, often published for educational purposes (as evidenced by bilingual editions of some books, Kashubian-Polish dictionaries included in some other books and the use of literary texts in coursebooks), has a special mission which is not only teaching the language, but also preserving it. It should be noted, however, that some families speak Kashubian at home and parents encourage their children to read books in their mother tongue. Social media campaigns, such as “Czëtôj dzecóm pò kaszëbskù” (Read to Your Children in Kashubian), are worth mentioning here.The paper also presents lists of best sellers at two bookshops: online Kaszubska Książka and Księgarnia Kaszubsko-Pomorska Czec, as well as observations made by librarians working in Gdynia, Gdańsk and Wejherowo. The lists and observations demonstrate that children’s literature in Kashubian happens to be much more popular than Kashubian literary works for adults.

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Przyjemność czytania, udręka wyboru. O niektórych technologiach wykrywalności i rekomendacji książek w sieci

Author(s): Małgorzata Góralska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

Throughout the period of political transition (from communism), the Polish book market has seen a consistent growth in the number of titles on offer. In 2019, the National Library received samples of over 36 thousand published book titles, which included almost 10 thousand literary texts. If we take into account publications that were not transferred to the NL, copies from past years, or titles remaining in bookshops, antique shops, public libraries and private collections; we end up with a vast amount of literary content, which should allow for the needs of any and all readers to be met. In the face of this plentiful and varied selection, finding titles which will fulfil specific intellectual, emotional or aesthetic needs is thus becoming a considerable challenge for readers. The specifics of the modern publishing market also results in the companies who publish and distribute books have begun to look for increasingly algorithm-driven methods for delivering an assortment to their clients which matches their individual reading preferences. The goal of this paper is to discuss specific methods for the effective display of books online, and for delivering a personalized title offering to readers. The subject of the paper are so called „book recommendation systems”. The research methods used are analysis and critique of existing literature and analysis of online content (web pages). The end result of the research is to distinguish specific types of book recommendation systems.

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Czasopisma literackie i artystyczne uchodźctwa ukraińskiego w drugiej połowie lat czterdziestych XX wieku — aspekt ideologiczny

Author(s): Larysa Holovata / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

This article analyses the ideology and ways of presenting ideological standpoints in literary and artistic periodicals of Ukrainian emigrees in the second half of the 1940s. The creators and publishers of these periodicals were Ukrainian refugees who settled in displaced persons camps in the western occupation zones of Germany and Austria, as well as in Italy, and various emigration centres connected with the structures of such camps. The analysis includes: 1) the evaluation of declarations and program tasks of editorial teams; 2) defining the scope of the actual subordination of published texts to public declarations; 3) indicating the manifestations of ideological orientation in published texts; 4) determining the political parties the leading authors or groups of authors were affiliated with; 5) exploring the ways in which ideological views influenced the editorial policy of refugee camps periodicals. The article discusses periodicals published by the Artistic Ukrainian Movement (Mysté tskyi Ukraínskyi Rukh, MUR) and a few other magazines which, like MUR, proclaimed slogans of apoliticality and independence of emigration political groups (including Zahrava, Litavry, Literaturnyi zoshyt and Orlyk) as well as religious periodicals (Zhyttia i slovo and Dzvin) and nationalist magazines (including Literaturno-naukovyi visnyk and Vezhi). Although the periodicals which emphasised impartiality and ideological independence in their editorial programs were most numerous, it did not mean that the authors who had their texts published therein were ideologically independent. Representatives of artistic circles, like other emigrees, did not shun party life and often shared the views of various political organisations.

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Fan fiction jako współczesna forma publikowania. Próba charakterystyki zjawiska z punktu widzenia komunikacji sieciowej

Author(s): Justyna Pałosz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The main objective of this article is to present the issue of fan fiction as a form of online publishing by looking at the history of this genre and its transformation. The observation of fandoms on social media and on the platforms dedicated to publishing fanfics (like Wattpad) made it possible to study interactions between authors and recipients of fan fiction. Manifestations of fan interference in the texts of fanfics were also indicated, which was based mainly on discussions taking place in the comments section. This enabled to demonstrate the dynamism of fandoms in the case of the reception of authors’ texts, i.e. instant reactions in the form of producing and publishing fanfics. This genre is constantly being transformed, which is facilitated by the Internet environment. It enables establishing relationships between users and bringing communities together, as well as creating and sharing content. The interest of recipients — and, more and more often, of publishing houses — in fan fiction indicates the potential of this phenomenon and the possibility of using it in the publishing market. Therefore it can be concluded that fanfics introduce a new quality to online publishing at each stage of its functioning, starting with a collective imagination (as a reaction to a canonical text), through the production of texts (as quasi-publishing), to the readership that can be observed after the publication of stories on network platforms.

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Czytelnicza popularność twórczości Harlana Cobena w Polsce na tle adaptacji filmowych jego książek w latach 2012–2021

Author(s): Julia Urbańczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

This article discusses the relationship between books and films. It explores how film adaptations of literary works by the American writer Harlan Coben influence their popularity among readers. The theoretical considerations are supported with the existing data regarding the reception of his works both in the fields of literature and film, obtained from the services Lubimyczytac.pl and Filmweb. Both numerical and written evaluations are taken into account. Attention is also paid to the number of people declaring their intention to read a given book or to see a given film production. The data is analysed in detail, which allows to conclude that although some relationship between the adaptations of Coben’s novels and these novels exists, these adaptations do not have a clear impact on the reception of the literary works on which they are based. However, film adaptations do make Coben’s novels or the author himself more popular.

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Eszünk ágában sincs hazamenni

Author(s): Kinga Burján / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 07/2023

We are in Cluj. Beer-smelling air is pouring out of the cellar clubs through the ventilation systems. It’s that time again when we must decide whether to go home or further on, because the last pub has finished serving. The group of people on the other side of the road is a mix of Transylvanian writers, musicians, and other creative types. They have this city in common. It is where they have found a home, where they create, where they entertain and support each other. They know that the happy creator is sometimes missed by the muse for weeks or months, so sometimes one of them disappears for weeks to recreate himself. We walk the borderline between literature and entertainment, to end up in a grandstand of pigeon shit, the most beautiful of early spring sunrises.

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D’un Michel l’autre : immoralisme, tourisme sexuel et irresponsabilité

Author(s): Louis Bousquet / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2022

Two novels written exactly 99 years apart start the 20th and 21st centuries. The Immoralist by André Gide and Plateform by Michel Houellebecq, tell hedonistic tales of the modern tourist. This work will analyze the circumstances and the limits of this individualistic and corrupted pursuit in the novels. We will question, alongside Phillipe Muray, the nature and pitfalls of such a global project and its eventual moral cost.

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Vision apocalyptique dans « Le Microbe du professeur Bakermann » de Charles Épheyre et « Une Invasion de Macrobes » d’André Couvreur

Author(s): Edyta Kociubińska / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2022

The end of the 19th century is strongly marked by the discoveries of Pasteur and the development of the germ theory of contagious diseases. Our paper briefly presents the introduction of microbe into scientific-marvelous novels, and then analyzes its attack in Charles Épheyre’s short story, Le Microbe du professeur Bakermann (1890), as well as the unexpected appearance of macrobes in André Couvreur’s novel, Une Invasion de Macrobes (1909). Professors Bakermann and Tornada are reminiscent of demiurges caught up in the frenzy of glory and power. Will they finally be able to destroy the human race, thereby ruining the ethos of a scientist? We will attempt to parallel their destinies in order to show the danger posed by excessive ambitions combined with uncommon intelligence. Fallen unjustly into oblivion, both texts deserve to be rediscovered due to the exceptional apocalyptic vision which they depict.

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Время двух пандемий в ПовестиосмертиМарка Алданова

Author(s): Ludmiła Szewczenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2023

One of the key subjects of M. Aldanov’s A Novel about Death is the cholera pandemic of 1847–50. The author of this article views Aldanov’s work in the context of history, medical science, poetics, philosophy and aesthetics and applies the historical-literary and cultural-historical methods of research. Doing so demonstrates how the phenomenon of the pandemic is construed by M. Aldanov in the paradigm of the philosophy of a happenstance. The article traces how the motif of sickness in A Novel about Death is intertwined with Aldanov’s attempts to comprehend the strive for revolutions that engulfed Europe, and analyzes in detail how the use of a morbid code is metaphorically extrapolated on the entirety of issues raised in the novel.

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Мотив болезни в романе Бориса Пастернака ДокторЖиваго

Author(s): Anna Boginskaya / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The motif of illness and recovery lies at the core of the worldview of the protagonist of Boris Pasternak’s novel Doctor Zhivago. The novel refers to the motif of illness firstly because of the protagonist’s trade and the realities of the post-revolutionary and civil war years, which were accompanied (or followed) by typhus epidemics. Secondly, the motif of illness is inextricably linked with the time of major historic transitions, and as such with the prevalent feeling of violation of physical and psychological harmony of the universe. The article distinguishes and analyses a number of themes and motifs which are interwoven with the motif of illness, such as creativity, the release of unconscious impulses, liminal states, dreamstates, and the figure of the window. All these themes and motifs were outlined in Pasternak’s poems and later found their continuation and development in the novel Doctor Zhivago.

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Heterotopie i nie-miejsca w powieści Jany Wagner Pandemia

Author(s): Svetlana Pavlenko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

Yana Vagner’s novel To the Lake (2011) is called prophetic because the writer faithfully depicted a state of global pandemic, when there was no real-world precedent to such a situation in a contemporary setting. A pandemic is not only a litmus test that allows one to determine the state of society and the individual when faced with extreme conditions, but also a force that transforms reality. This article describes the peculiarities of the literary space in Vagner’s novel, as well as spatial metamorphoses caused by a fast spreading virus. The study is based on Michel Foucault’s idea of heterotopia and Marc Augé’s concept of non-places, and leads to the conclusion that the pandemic leads to the expansion of “no-man’s spaces” and heterotopic spaces. This includes residential buildings, vehicles, roads, towns, villages and cemeteries. The article also examines the parallels drawn by Vagner between the epidemiological catastrophe and World War II.

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