„Златорог“ спрямо политиките в културата и образованието

Author(s): Ognyana Georgieva-Teneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The article reveals the attitude of “Zlatorog” towards state policies in culture and education. With the help of the problem-chronological and culturological approach is substantiated the statement that the journal insists on the state management of the spiritual life to be based on the principles of high professionalism, humanity and free development of the creative abilities. Some new arguments support the view that this journal is not apolitical and aesthetically self-closed, but is an active participant in the public debate on the culture and the value formation of young people. “Zlatorog” is presented as a platform for independent intellectuals concerned with the spiritual growth of society who critically analyze the state’s cultural and educational directives and act as their corrective.

Romanian migration reflected in recent Portuguese literature: the Roma ethnicity as a case in point

Author(s): Catalina Iliescu-Gheorghiu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This article focuses on three contemporary Portuguese literary works that feature Roma characters and culture-specific elements within a wider selection of authors who mention or delve into past and present Romanian realities. This selection was aimed at determining which are the themes, historical events, lived or narrated memories, symbols, images, and ethnotypes that interest contemporary Portuguese authors in relation with the Romanian immigrant segment, a population fairly representative in Portugal (ninth largest minority group, with some 31,000 residents and an annual immigration rate of 2,000 new arrivals). My exploration (through several channels: library catalogues, oral sources, databases) revealed ten literary works which tackle elements related to: the Roma ethnic group and the negative ethnotype of prostitution, crime and begging; the former elite (aristocracy, intelligentsia), above all, temporally anchored in the early years of the 20th century; and the Communist regime, its apparatus (party and secret police) and its fall at the end of the eighth decade of the 20th century. In this article I shall focus on the analysis of the first group, basing this on the concept of “ethnotype”, observing how the image of a given immigrant population is constructed, and how this image affects its members in the public and private spheres.This article focuses on three contemporary Portuguese literary works that feature Roma characters and culture-specific elements within a wider selection of authors who mention or delve into past and present Romanian realities. This selection was aimed at determining which are the themes, historical events, lived or narrated memories, symbols, images, and ethnotypes that interest contemporary Portuguese authors in relation with the Romanian immigrant segment, a population fairly representative in Portugal (ninth largest minority group, with some 31,000 residents and an annual immigration rate of 2,000 new arrivals). My exploration (through several channels: library catalogues, oral sources, databases) revealed ten literary works which tackle elements related to: the Roma ethnic group and the negative ethnotype of prostitution, crime and begging; the former elite (aristocracy, intelligentsia), above all, temporally anchored in the early years of the 20th century; and the Communist regime, its apparatus (party and secret police) and its fall at the end of the eighth decade of the 20th century. In this article I shall focus on the analysis of the first group, basing this on the concept of “ethnotype”, observing how the image of a given immigrant population is constructed, and how this image affects its members in the public and private spheres.

Instances of (un)translatability in Ion Creangă’s “Amintiri din copilărie”/ ”Memories of my boyhood”

Author(s): Andra Iulia Ursa / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

These days, writing about untranslatability may seem courageous, as more and more voices associate this issue with translation incapacity and, instead, advocate for creative remedies or even reject such an instance. This study does not deal with a contemporary novel, nor does it have to do with a powerful textual space. However, we believe that translation theories mainly focus on analyses of a certain category of languages, and raise questions of discrepancies between subordinate and dominant cultures, a tendency which derives from the proneness of the international publishing industry to favour certain languages and types of writing. We are not aiming for a debate around the subject of publishing politics or endeavours, but rather we try to cast some light on the ambitious project of rendering vernacular into a powerful language. This paper deals with the work of a great Moldavian storyteller who contributes significantly to the enhancement of expressiveness through linguistic characteristics that occur informally. We hypothesise that the vibrant vernacular writing “Memories of my boyhood” creates potential instances of untranslatability, due to significant differences between the Romanian variety and English, not necessarily in the linguistic inventory but rather in the cognitive structures of the readership. Therefore, the case study focuses on how source text and target text readers infer meaning from interjections and terms of address, originally belonging to the Moldavian modes of expression. Although the translators re-create these short utterances, due to a lack of a similar background from the part of the receiving culture, we witness a limitation on conveying their original intentionality, emotion and plethora of meanings.

FIKTIVE WELTEN – FIKTIONALE SCHRIFTEN. ZUR TRENNUNG DER SEMIOTISCHEN UND SEMANTISCHEN BETRACHTUNG VON LITERARISCHEN SCHRIFTEN

Author(s): Alexandru Popa / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2022

Different theoretical backgrounds for the study of literature leads to different objects of investigation. This article is concerned with the distinctions of two types of theoretical backgrounds (semiotic and semantic) and some consequences in the study of a particular field of investigation of literature: fictional texts and fictive worlds. It is commonly considered that fictional texts are non-referential. This consideration fits in the study of literature with a semiotic theoretical background. In a study of literature with a semantic background fits another presupposition: fictional texts are in a particular sense deemed referential. This article is concerned with the contrast of these positions and some implications for investigations of fictive worlds as part of the study of literature.

Авторът за себе си. Литературни автопортрети

Author(s): Margarita Serafimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2022

The article puts the spotlight on those specific genres in which the author returns to the process of writing of his works, creating a kind of “bioliterature”. Seemingly seeking for the biographical projections of creativity, in fact the author turns the writing itself into intrigue. In the form of essays, interviews, commentaries, and other “epitexts” (Genette), the author blurs the boundary that connects and separates the text on the one hand and its interpretations on the other. Thereby, he takes the work out of its fictional world and gives it performativity, assigning it a role in the real life. Thus, while speaking and writing about his works, the author draws his self-portrait as well. This conscious and purposeful authorial representation shows the way the author sees himself, his work, but it also hints the care for the image he wants to leave for posterity.

БЪЛГАРСКАТА ФОЛКЛОРНА РЕЛИГИОЗНОСТ: ЛОКАЛНИ МОДЕЛИ И/ИЛИ УНИВЕРСАЛНО ЗНАНИЕ (Eдин фразеологизъм от град Самоков и Самоковската котловина)

Author(s): Konstantin Rangochev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 21/2022

The paper discusses the following expression used in the region of Samokov: “The arm of the Church is Virgin Mary/ St. George or another saint” that means that this church is dedicated to Virgin Mary/ St. George, etc. and its local feast is at the respective date. The author looks for the sources of such expressions and puts forward the hypothesis that they stem from the anthropological view of the Orthodox Christians living in this region towards the church and church temples: they are perceived as and designated with the human body members: Christ is the head of the church, while its arms are the saints.

ИДЕОЛОШКИ РАСПОНИ САВРЕМЕНИХ ПРИЧА О КОСОВУ

Author(s): Aleksandra D. Matić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 78/2022

This paper examines the ideological ranges of contemporary stories about Kosovo, as reflections on the social, political, and cultural background in which they arise, as well as the processes of establishing or abandoning the dominant identity matrices, based on the Kosovo myth. As Kosovo is our great story, the constitutive narrative of our national being, but also of Serbian literary-historical consciousness, it proved necessary to shed light on how contemporary Serbian prose reflects this narrative, but also to elucidate the diachronic perspective, which gives ideologies a mythical or symbolic dimension. The five authors and texts I am analyzing are Branislav Janković, “Nightingale the Chicken” (Slavuj-pile), Muharem Bazdulj “From Prizren the tame place” (Iz Prizrena mjesta pitomoga), Dejan Stojiljković, “No cour- age” (Nema hrabrosti), Vesna Kapor “What would you like to remember” (Čega bi voleo da se sećaš) and Ana Radmilović “Kosovo - three hundred miracles” (Kosovo– trista čuda). Among the selected contemporary stories, a range from establishingand empowering to challenging the dominant ideological discourse on Kosovo and its mythology is noticeable. The common intention is to constitute “small” stories by referring to a “private” view of Kosovo resulting from a fragmentation of the world image, and hence deconstruction or rethinking inherited identities based on new policies and ideological constructs represented in our era, which produce internal dissonance in the text itself.

HASAN (FEHMI) NAMETAK: FOLKLORIST, KNJIŽEVNIK, KULTURNI HISTORIČAR

Author(s): Nehrudin Rebihić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 5/2022

Hasan Nametak was one of the most important leaders in the ield of collecting and describing Bosniak cultural and literary heritage from the end of the 19th century. He made a special contribution in the ield of folklore by collecting a collection of poems of Croatian folk songs and several legends, anecdotes and humorous stories that he published in the then Bosnian periodicals. As a narrator, but also a witness of the time, he wrote several autobiographical sketches and pictures about the events in Herzegovina after the arrival of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in Bosnia. He also made a signiicant contribution to the memory of prominent Bosniak scholars of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He also wrote several texts about prominent Mostar’s vakufs (endowment) and their vakifs (founder).

NARATIVNA REPREZENTACIJA BOSANSKO-JEVREJSKOG INTRAKULTURNOG IDENTITETA (NA PRIMJERIMA PRIPOVJEDAKA ISAKA SAMOKOVLIJE)

Author(s): Šeherzada Džafić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 21/2022

The Jewish cultural tradition, which within the framework of the Bosnian habitus went through stages - from assimilation, concretization, activation, and even fusion - represents a paradigm of intracultural processes in the complex Bosnian society. These processes take place through various interactions, which have not been bypassed by local literature, and are representative of one part of the literary oeuvre of Isak Samokovlija. Based on the theoretical starting points of intercultural interpretation and psychoanalysis, the work questions Samokovlija's short stories in which the characters act through the suppressed own versus the foreign. This is especially expressed in the stories “Od proljeća do proljeća” (From Spring to Spring) and “Plava Jevrejka” (The Blue Jewess).

NACIONALNI MESIJANIZAM U SLUŽBI SAMOUNIŠTENJA: STAVOVI MIROSLAVA KRLEŽE O NACIONALIZMU

Author(s): Senadin Musabegović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 21/2022

The paper focuses on the divergent national perspectives – Croatian and Serbian – regarding the reasons behind Yugoslavia's unification (the Kingdom of SHS), moreover on the causes of its disappearance from the historical scene, both as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes and as the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. From the perspective of Serbian „nationally conscious“ historians, it was the Croatian separatism that should be blamed for the downfall of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia during the Italian and German occupation in 1941 as well as the inner disintegration of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991. From the Croatian perspective, the reason behind the downfall of Yugoslavia is in Serbian unitarism, which, through Yugoslavia, aimed to dominate over the other nations. While condemning the nationalistic politics of other nations for the breakup of Yugoslavia, both of these nationalistic perspectives consider Yugoslavia an artificial creation. Miroslav Krleža, a Croatian and Yugoslav writer, criticized the politics of Croatian national separatism and Serbian unitarism in the texts he wrote during the time of the Kingdom of SHS (Yugoslavia). These writings also represent his efforts to open a possibility for a new political community based on socialistic principles. Although his polemic thought was based on the recognition of national particularities, Krleža was looking for ways to overcome the national antagonisms within socialist Yugoslavia. Although Yugoslavia disappeared, his thought on nationalistic antagonisms is relevant in the current political framework, the one in which national exclusion is dominating.

Dinamica formelor și a relațiilor sociale în grupările socialiste din secolul al XIX-lea

Author(s): Maricica Munteanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

Focusing on two theoretical concepts, sociability, driven from Maurice Agulhonʼs theory, and social networked as developed in Georg Simmelʼs formal sociology, the present article aims to discuss the Romanian socialist circles from the 19th century in a twofold manner. On the one hand, it explores the social imaginary and the transferable social forms due to the existence of the “weak ties” (Mark Granovetter), such as clandestinity, the anti-bourgeois attitude, the idealism, and the generic portrait of the socialist. On the other hand, the article analyses the forms of life that are specific and dependent on the material spaces, shaping the particularities of different socialist groups. Such elements of shared life are, for example, the exaltation in Neculai Beldiceanuʼs cenacle from Iași, the anti-intimacy in Nădejdeʼs house on Sărărie, the farce at „Adevărul” magazine, but also the experience of drinking tea, common to the majority of the socializing groups, and the relationship between men and women, considered as the myth of the 19th century socialist movement.

Prikazi

Author(s): Šerbo Rastoder,Braho Adrović,Amela Lukač-Zoranić,Safet Bandžović,Nirha Efendić,Selman Selhanović,Zora Jestrović / Language(s): Bosnian,Montenegrine Issue: 91-92/2023

Reviews of: Esad Kočan, Naša Rijeka, Almanah, Podgorica, 2023.; Safet Hadrović Vrbički: “Orfeji Bihora - Pričam ti priču”, Centar za kulturu Petnjica, 2022.; Šaban Šarenkapić, Kuća jasina, BUKS, Novi Pazar, 2022.; Nasuprot zlu: Muslimanske rezolucije iz 1941.: Zajednička izjava iz 2015. Priredili: Enes Karić i Mustafa Spahić, izd. El-Kalem, Sarajevo 2019, str. 120.; Avdija Avdić: Otkidoh stručak do zemlje: devedeset lirskih narodnih pjesama iz Sandzaka Vlastito izdanje priređivača, Bijelo Polje 2011.; Adamir Jerković: “Magle nad Bosnom,” Almada, Sarajevo 2022.; Dr Sofija Kalezić, Rasplitanje duge: Antologija proznog stvaralaštva Bošnjakinja Crne Gore, Almanah, Podgorica, 2022.

Международен форум за кирилицата

Author(s): Mariyana Tsibranska-Kostova,Vanya Micheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 45/2022

ბიბლიური მეფე დავითი და ქართველი მწერლები (V – XVIII საუკუნეები)

Author(s): Murad Mtvarelidze / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 2/2021

Biblical King Davit is especially popular in ancient Georgian literature. On the one hand, Georgian writers paraphrase his works, which is important, but even more interesting is the fact that in relation to this biblical king, important issues are reflected in the works of Georgian writers, such as the idea of the biblical origin of Georgian kings, symbolic consideration of Davit as Christ the Father, scrambling of Davit and Giant, as well as the metaphors "Davit’s Harp", "Davit's Precepts", "Davit's City", "Davit's Garden". For Georgian writers, Biblical Davit remains an exemplary hero, so when they talk about this or that character, they try to explain their actions with the examples of Davit's life or the aims of his thought, and thus determine the peculiarities of the character or action of this or that character. Strengthening of the royal dynasty of the Bagrationi made the legend of their biblical origin even more actual. Later, with the strengthening and prosperity of the country, this idea acquired more popularity, which was manifested in almost all the ascending stages of the development of Georgian literature. The article shows that the myth has traveled successfully from century to century and on the one hand gave the Georgian kings a sense of specialness, and on the other hand, Georgian writers from this ancestral dynasty used this moment along with their positive aspects to describe this or that historical figure. After the conquest of Georgia by Russia (1801) when the monarchy was abolished in Georgia and the country lost its national independence, this myth was gradually forgotten. Davit Knar, along with his sling, immediately gained popularity in Georgian heraldry. Since the Georgian kings considered themselves the descendants of the biblical Davit, this important element was reflected on the coat of arms of the Bagrationis as a symbol of devotion to the Bible and a kind of permanent and uninterrupted union with it. The metaphor "Davit's harp" in some cases refers to the harp of Davit Psalm-chanter in the literal sense, and is sometimes understood as a psalm chant, as well as the use of this metaphor as a measure to determine the fictional level of this or that work. As for the "Davit’s Precepts", it is a kind of allegorical collocation and primarily considers the views of the prophet Davit on this or that issue. From this point of view, the attitude to Davit’s precepts established by a remarkable Georgian poet of the 18th century, Davit Guramishvili is worth considering. When talking about the origin of the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ with Georgian authors or translated monuments, primarily attention is drawn to the term that Davit eulogizes Christ in advance; he prophesies the birth of the Messiah and sings hymns to him. The quotation of Davit's hymns traces the whole of the old Georgian secular or historical writing. For Georgian writers, the important episodes of the life of the biblical King Davit are exemplary, which they refer to when necessary, and his thoughts - a guide, which occupies an important part in the life and work of this or that literary or historical hero.

За книгата: Галин Тиханов. Световна литература. Космополитизъм. Изгнание. София, Кралица Маб, 2022, 428 с.

Author(s): Radeya Gesheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Book review: Galin Tihanov. World Literature, Cosmopolitism, Exile. Sofia, Kralitsa Mab, 2022.

За книгата: Надежда Стоянова. Украси и гримаси. Мода и модерност в българската литература от 20-те и 30-те години на ХХ век. София, Изд. „Парадигма“, 2022, 378 с.

Author(s): Alexander Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Book review: Nadezhda Stoyanova. Adornments and Grimaces. Fashion and Modernity in 1920s and 1930s Bulgarian Literature. Sofia, Paradigma Press, 2022

Kore’nin Kültürel Mirası “Pansori ’ye Genel Bir Bakış

Author(s): Hatice Köroğlu Türközü / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 114/2023

Pansori (판소리), one of the important products of Korean Culture, is the exhibition of a story accompanied by song and music in public places. There are three elements in Pansori performance as singer/narrator, drummer and audience. The singer/narrator is central to the Pansori performance with his narration and body language, while the drummer plays a complementary role in the performance by providing rhythm and singing encouraging words to add excitement to the performance. What makes the Pansori interesting is that the audience also takes part in this performance. During the performance of the artists, the audience occasionally cheers to express their support and appreciation for the artists. Pansori, one of the cultural elements of Korea, is included in the Intangible Cultural Heritage list of UNESCO under the title of “Oral Traditions and Expressions”. Pansori was registered as Korean intangible cultural heritage number five in 1964 and was designated as world cultural heritage by UNESCO in November 2003. Although twelve of classical Pansori works are mentioned in Korean Culture, only five of them have reached today. It is possible to examine Pansori in the fields of music, theater and literature when we consider the elements such as music, fiction/story, audience and the audience accompanying the performers in the content of Pansori. Pansori started anonymously and continued by professional artists. In this study, besides looking at the place of Pansori, the Cultural Heritage of Korea, in Korean culture, its emergence, development and current situation are briefly mentioned. The aim of the study is to introduce an important Korea’s cultural heritage in Turkey, to reveal its importance in Korean culture and set the basis for future comparative studies. Keywords: pansori, sorikkun, Korean cultural heritage, Korean literature, Korean theather Pansori (판소리), one of the important products of Korean Culture, is the exhibition of a story accompanied by song and music in public places. There are three elements in Pansori performance as singer/narrator, drummer and audience. The singer/narrator is central to the Pansori performance with his narration and body language, while the drummer plays a complementary role in the performance by providing rhythm and singing encouraging words to add excitement to the performance. What makes the Pansori interesting is that the audience also takes part in this performance. During the performance of the artists, the audience occasionally cheers to express their support and appreciation for the artists. Pansori, one of the cultural elements of Korea, is included in the Intangible Cultural Heritage list of UNESCO under the title of “Oral Traditions and Expressions”. Pansori was registered as Korean intangible cultural heritage number five in 1964 and was designated as world cultural heritage by UNESCO in November 2003. Although twelve of classical Pansori works are mentioned in Korean Culture, only five of them have reached today. It is possible to examine Pansori in the fields of music, theater and literature when we consider the elements such as music, fiction/story, audience and the audience accompanying the performers in the content of Pansori. Pansori started anonymously and continued by professional artists. In this study, besides looking at the place of Pansori, the Cultural Heritage of Korea, in Korean culture, its emergence, development and current situation are briefly mentioned. The aim of the study is to introduce an important Korea’s cultural heritage in Turkey, to reveal its importance in Korean culture and set the basis for future comparative studies.

THE HYPOSTASES OF WAR IN TRAVEL MEMOIRS PRINTED IN GHEORGHE GHEORGHIU-DEJ REGIME

Author(s): Rodica Petre / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 28/2022

The second world war had a major impact on global politics. Concluding in 1945, it led to the drawing of new borders, the emergence of new spheres of influence, military treaties and generated new conflicts. Influenced by the communist ideology during the political regime of the leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, the travel memoir abroad, published between 1958-1965 (the withdrawal of the Red Army from Romania the death of the Romanian leader) presents numerous hypostases of the war: Hitlerist and anti-Hitlerist, anti-colonialist, the arms race, the nuclear danger, the representation of war in literature and art. The following study, which has been performed on a sample of twenty Romanian travel memoir volumes, details all these aspects of armed confrontations or of the cold war of the 50s and 60s.

Женскостта и майчинството в бившите социалистически страни: литературни и идеологически аспекти

Author(s): Polina Penkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 30/2023

The text is focused on the problems of womanhood and motherhood in the literature, written by women in the former socialist states. It aims to explore the implications of the Soviet ideology and propaganda in the contemporary perceptions of gender and family roles and to answer the question about the importance of the remaining conservative traditional family values in the region. By exploring novels by female authors, the study tries to show the methods and tendencies in which women try to apply change through art. The main objects of analyses are the novels “Mrs. G.” by Emilia Dvoryanova and “Primeval and Other Times” by Olga Tokarczuk.

Hertha Karasek-Strzygowski – ein Leben im Spannungsfeld der Nationalismen

Author(s): Julia Manowska-Cebula / Language(s): German Issue: 22/2022

This article is an attempt to reconstruct the biography of the Austrian painter and writer Hertha Karasek-Strzygowski, born in 1896 in what is now Bielsko-Biała, in the area of the so-called linguistic island of Bielsko-Biala in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. This island existed from the Middle Ages until 1945. The article is also an endeavor to sketch the historical and multicultural background of the surrounding reality. This reconstruction is intended to give an insight into this ambiguous figure and her work. The article also draws attention to the fact that, although the author grew up in a multicultural environment, she almost completely ignores the existence of Polish and Jewish nationalities in her immediate surroundings, and mentions Polish people only vaguely and explicitly in a negative way. Surprisingly, she also does not mention the Second World War in connection with Poland, where her family had lived since 1914 and which she visited almost annually as an adult. The way she describes the reality of war gives the impression that it was exclusively a time of torment and fear, brought upon on the German people by the Soviet Union.