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La mobilité sociale représente un des problèmes les plus importants concernant la catégorie desaffranchis. L'étude de la mobilité sociale a été abordée d‘un point de vue historique ou sociologique, et afait l‘objet d‘analyses comparatives. P. Burke a mis en évidence quelques distinctions sociologiques quiopèrent dans ce type d'approche: montée descente, mobilité "intraregénérationnelle" (au cours d'unevie), "intergénérationnelle" (à travers plusieurs générations), mobilité individuelle mobilité de groupe.Sans essayer d‘adopter une démarche comparative (qui présente, d'ailleurs, beaucoup de pièges), noustraiterons des aspects de la mobilité sociale chez les affranchis, comme ils ont été abordés parl‘historiographie récente.
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The Chamber Law from April 1864 is one of those laws that reformed the Romanian society after Moldavia and The Romanian Country unified in the year 1859 under the reign of Alexandru Ioan Cuza.This law introduces administrative unities, specific terms and incumbencies such as: commune, village,hamlet, mayor, town hall, terms that are still used nowadays.The law is characterized by efficiency, pragmatism, flexibility and realism. It contributes to theadministrative modernization of the local Romanians by aligning it to the democratic principles of the time. In this law, the influence of the French law is evident. This law is followed immediately by the Council Department law.
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This paper presents the achievements of, and the perspectives for, research on the history of Varna during the Ottoman period (from the 15th to the 19th C.). The historical sources that provide information on the subject are discussed in detail: Ottoman, Greek, Bulgarian, periodicals, foreign sources, and consular correspondence. The first written accounts on the history of the city are also taken into consideration. To a certain extent, they also play the role of historical sources on the subject. An overview is made of the topics on which scientific research is still to be done. The conclusion is drawn that in the future the history of Varna during the Ottoman period should be explored by analyzing all available historical sources in a comprehensive and unbiased way, and taking into account the diversity of the city's population in the period.
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The enclosed study is devoted to problems connected with criminality. The principal purpose of the publication is to outline the history of human criminal behavior. Moreover, several concepts aimed on causing such behavior are discussed.
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The golden phallus from the Chalcolithic Necropolis of Varna is just one of a series of amazing archaeological artifacts found in its survey. Unique and inimitable, it has not been the subject of serious scientific analysis so far. Interest in it raises the fact that it is viewed as a unique prehistoric artifact among the wide palette of varied forms that symbolize the male beginning accompanying the changes in man's religious beliefs of the Chalcolithic society with the imposition of the Patriarchate. It is even more interesting to examine it in the light of the unexplored parallels between the cultures of Old Europe and Egypt in recent years. The proposed work is an attempt to create a discussion around the golden phallus, looking at it in those directions and suggesting some serious arguments for the purpose.
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In the years 1676–1677 Szczecin, under the Swedish rule, survived two sieges by the army of the Brandenburg Elector. Especially the second one had an impact on the Royal Carolingian Gymnasium (Carolinum) functioning in the City. As a result of shellfire the buildings of the School were destroyed, and the Gymnasium ceased to function for over a year, from the end of August 1677 to the end of September 1678. The 1676–1677 crisis significantly changed the conditions and quality of the School and many other aspects of its everyday life, particularly in the first years after restoring the School to its original form. To have a closer look at the Gymnasium in the years 1679–1680 is now possible thanks to the didactic materials (so far hardly used), such as class timetables and the registers of the Carolinum students’ assignments. The aim of the present article is to indicate in which way the problems of organising classes in that period manifested themselves. An important role was played by Rector Johann Ernst Pfuel; thanks to his efforts the crisis was resolved and the School recovered its teaching reputation. First a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the staff has been carried out, next the teaching methods and the forms of work used at that time have been examined, and finally the relationship between the teaching crisis and the situation of the students has been investigated. In the light of the 1679 register of students’ assignments and the 1680 class timetable it has turned out that it had not been the destruction of the School buildings (highlighted in the literature) that was the main reason of its problems. The factor of the strongest impact was the poor quality of the teaching staff. And it was the reason of restricting the teaching programmes, which was minimised by the Rector’s engagement. And the number of students began to grow fast. As a result of diverse activities the Szczecin School survived the crisis and in the subsequent years reached its high standards again.
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In the Napoleonic system of fighting wars strongholds played an important role as a backup for manoeuvre and securing communications routes for the army; in addition, strongholds became operational centres, where reserve and supplies were kept. The paper presents the role of the Szczecin Stronghold in the concepts of Napoleon and how they were implemented form October 1806 to August 1807 closing the direct military activities around Szczecin (and in the Swedish Pomerania). It is because of the fact that in the area in question there were no spectacular battles or sieges, as in the case of Gdańsk, Kołobrzeg, Grudziądz, as well as in the case of Silesian strongholds, that the interest in the war that took place there at the beginning of the 19th century has never been so great.
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Bárth Dániel: A zombori ördögűző EGY 18. SZÁZADI FERENCES MENTALITÁSA (Vallásantropológiai tanulmányok Közép-Kelet-Európából 3.) Balassi, Bp., 2016. 316 old., 3200 Ft Communism’s Jewish Question JEWISH ISSUES IN COMMUNIST ARCHIVES Moses Mendelssohn Center for European-Jewish Studies – De Gruyter, Berlin – Boston, 2017. 372 p., $ 168 Az „ezüst pillanatok” nyomában TANULMÁNYOK BEKKER ZSUZSA EMLÉKÉRE Szerk. Hild Márta, Madarász Aladár Kronosz, Bp., 2017. 302 old., 2950 Ft Sándor L. István: Repedések a rendszeren KULTÚRA ÉS TÁRSADALOM A 70-ES ÉVEK VÉGÉN MAGYARORSZÁGON Selinunte, Bp., 2016. 356 old., 3600 Ft Deres Kornélia: Képkalapács SZÍNHÁZ, TECHNOLÓGIA, INTERMEDIALITÁS József Attila Kör, Bp., 2016. 257 old., 3000 Ft (JAK-füzetek) Tófalvy Tamás: A digitális jó és rossz születése TECHNOLÓGIA, KULTÚRA ÉS AZÚJSÁGÍRÁS 21. SZÁZADI ÁTALAKULÁSAL ’Harmattan, Bp., 2017. 282 old., 2800 Ft Tófalvy Tamás: Túl a szubkultúrán, és vissza POPULÁRIS ZENEI SZÍNTEREK, MŰFAJOK ÉS AZ INTERNET Műút, Miskolc, 2017. 210 old., 2500 Ft
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The Society of Estates – Modern Society. The book series published by the István Hajnal Circle It’s the Kultur, Stupid The Man from Red Vienna
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The World Health Organization (WHO) has been supporting for decades the integration of “complementary and alternative therapeutic practices” in healthcare systems. To achieve this, the WHO-concept of “traditional and complementary medicine” (TCM) has emerged. In response to these global trends, the European Union (EU) has created the concept of “complementary and alternative medicine” (CAM), which reflects the healing and cultural traditions of the EU member states. The main purpose of this article is to define and present the European concept of CAM and its place in public healthcare. The terms “unconventional medicine”, “CAM”, “TCM” are synonymous and are used interchangeably. Further, the universal CAM-approaches are outlined. The following therapeutic methods are included in KAM: acupuncture; anthroposophic medicine; ayurveda; yoga; kinesiology; naturopathic or traditional European medicine, osteopathy, reflexology, Tibetan medicine, phytotherapy, chiropractic, homeopathy, Shiatsu. The conclusion is, CAM is an innovative territory relying on therapeutic traditions and requiring theoretical and empirical research, related to effectiveness, efficiency and safety of CAM-methods and medicines.
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Conference-Report: Paula Wydziałkowska ̶ Sprawozdanie z ogólnopolskiej, interdyscyplinarnej konferencji naukowej ,,Bezczas: stałość, skostniałość, tradycja’’, Lublin, 9–11 kwietnia 2018 roku
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Conference-Report: Kamila Siuda ̶ Sprawozdanie z konferencji „Historie ukryte w pamiętnikach. Pamiętniki jako przedmiot i źródło badań naukowych”, Toruń 22–23 maja 2018 roku
More...Lawsuits of the Nuns of Óbuda with the Illésházis for the Possession of Újvásár.
The paper analyses three lawsuits between the nus of Óbuda and the Illésházi family for the possession of Újvásár village, which started probably shortly after 1360 and ended in 1380. The nus won and so they became the owners of the mentioned village until 1782. However, the final judgment contains some suspicious parts pointed out by the present paper. The lawsuits also provide useful information about the medieval genealogy of the Illésházis. The detailed examination of the sources has proved that the aforementioned noble family does not spring from the Salamon ‘generatio’ as thought by previous research.
More...Egy csallóközi származású magyar miniszterelnök történelmi portréja
The paper focuses on a historical figure, István Bittó. The main purpose is to give a detailed picture about Bittó István´s life and political career. He came from a Slovakian village, Sárosfa and was the prime minister in the era of dualism. The paper is divided into five parts. The first part deals with István Bittó, his family and vestry-book, as well as his political activities. The history and happenings in the Hungarian parliament during Bittó´s presidential years are investigated in the second part. The third part is the central part of the paper, which deals with Bittó´s prime ministerial activities presented on the basis of the analysis of diaries from the parliament. The fourth part describes the era of dualism from conciliation to the outbreak of the First World War. The paper also discusses the monuments of István Bittó.
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Developing students’ historical thinking demands more complex assessment. The author of the present study has been working on a new set of tools aimed at evaluating the abilities needed to establish and demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships.
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Ablonczy Balázs: Keletre, magyar! A MAGYAR TURANIZMUS TÖRTÉNETE Jaffa, [Bp.], 2016., 295 old. James Curran: Média és demokrácia Kluwer, Bp., 2016. 326 old., á. n. Judith Dupont: Az idő fonalán... ANALITIKUS ÚTINAPLÓ Ford. Weiszburg Anna. Oriold és társai, Bp., 2017. 328 old., 3800 Ft Borvendég Zsuzsanna: Az „impexek” kora KÜLKERESKEDELMI FEDÉSSEL FOLYTATOTT PÉNZKIVONÁS A „NÉPGAZDASÁGBÓL” A KÁDÁR-RENDSZER IDEJÉN AZ ÁLLAMBIZTONSÁGI IRATOK TÜKRÉBEN Nemzeti Emlékezet Bizottsága, Bp., 2017. 192 old., 2000 Ft Karsai Judit: Furcsa pár. AZ ÁLLAM SZEREPE A KOCKÁZATI TŐKE PIACON KELET-EURÓPÁBAN Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány – MTA Közgazdaság- és Regionális Tudományi Kutatóközpont – Közgazdaságtudományi Intézet, Bp., 2017. 236 old., 3000 Ft Varga Zsuzsa: Göröngyös út DIMÉNY IMRE ÉLETÚTJA Kérdező és szerkesztő: Varga Zsuzsanna. Kossuth, Bp., 2017. 240 old., 2990 Ft
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