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Book-Review: Marc Van De Mieroop, Philosophy Before the Greeks: The Pursuit of Truth in Ancient Babylonia, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016, 297 sayfa. ISBN: 978-0-691-17635-2. (Gökhan Kağnıcı)
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Book-Review: Marc Van De Mieroop, Philosophy Before the Greeks: The Pursuit of Truth in Ancient Babylonia, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016, 297 sayfa. ISBN: 978-0-691-17635-2. (Gökhan Kağnıcı)
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At the end of October 1914, the militarily, politically and economically weakened Ottoman Empire entered the First World War on the side of the Central Powers, with the hope that on the wings of their victory in the war it could achieve its own revival and progress in the postwar years. In order to give the entry into the war an appropriate political and motivational basis, the Sultan and Caliph Mehmed Reshad V declared the holy war – jihad – and called on Muslims to fight against “sworn enemies of Islam” – countries gathered in the Entente forces, and indirectly against their allies and helpers. Jihad also referred to the Muslims of Bosnia and Herzegovina, who, fighting in the military units of the Austro-Hungarian army, were fulfilling their Muslim duty to participate “with property and life” in the holy war. This paper talks about the proclamation of jihad in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with special emphasis on the Tuzla District, and the enthusiasm of the then Bosniak religious and civic elite who loyally and unconditionally accepted the caliph’s call for jihad and called on his compatriots to every sacrifice for the benefit of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, and the Muslim ummah as a whole.
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In the hijri year of 1266 (1850/1851), a population census was carried out in the Bosna eyalet, including the villages in the area of the kaza (Qadiluk) of Gračanica. We are publishing parts of the census on this occasion. These parts are concerned with the Soko village near Gračanica, that is “kala-i-Soko” (Soko fortress), which was the official name of this settlement. The census included 97 houses, with a total number of 304 males living there (129 able-bodied, 115 minors, 53 elders and 7 soldiers). The census bring a lot of new data on the population that was unknown earlier, and as such is a valuable source for genealogical, ethnological and historical research.
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Sokol is a very old and significant settlement with a long history and important and diverse historical content. In this paper we give an overview and a brief analysis of the homes and their owners in the settlement of Sokol at the end of the 19th century, more precisely in 1891. We give this overview and analysis of the houses and owners on the basis of hitherto unused sources, and these are Austro-Hungarian land registry which was established for the Gračanica district in 1891. The mentioned land records are in the land register of the Municipal Court in Gračanica. The author researched the Sokol settlement and collected data from the land register of the cadastral municipality (K.O.) more than three decades ago, in 1988-91.
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The paper discusses the legal regulation of the conduct of testimony as a form of report that the Qadis had to send regularly to the Supreme Sharia Court. Statements of inheritance were sent semi-annually and their sum was incorporated in the Main Activity Report which was filled out by the start of each New Year, beginning in 1886. Special attention is paid to the inheritance statement of the Gračanica District Sharia Court, which is a first-class source for reviewing socio-economic and statistical questions. The analysis of the document shows the material condition of the deceased and the general characteristic which could be summed up as poverty.
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This paper provides data on new and unpublished archaeological finds originating from the narrower area of Gračanica, and which have been preserved in the holdings of the local museum collection or have been discovered only recently. In 1976, traces of a pottery workshop were discovered in the Riječka neighborhood, a few three legged stands, on the basis of which he items were dated back to antiquity. In the Vuknić area, alongside the hillfort which was already researched, there were accidental finds of fibulae, spears, parts old weapons and a roman coin, most probably the one that can be found in the local museum (a coin of Emperor Maxentius from the beginning of the 4th century). Fragments of medieval pottery from the early and late Middle Ages, as well as granaries for storing grain were found at the Grič site. At the Hurije site there are remnants of an old cemetery and numerous other antiquities, and an earthenware piece dating from Ottoman times. On the nearby hill of Straževac fragments of prehistoric pottery, daub and flints were discovered. At the Bašča site in the Drafnići neighborhood, a large amount of Ottoman era pottery was discovered, as well as pieces of jewelry. Clay water pipes were (the remains of an old waterwork) were excavated in the same neighborhood. Several archeological traces were identified in the narrow settlement area, that is the center of Gračanica. This paper also publishes basic information on several finds from the Middle Ages, primarily the remains of armor, weapons and tools. Although these are accidental finds, for which there are seldomly more information and reliable data, they still indicate an extremely rich archeological picture of the narrower area of the town of Gračanica, testifying to a long continuity of settling.
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This paper discusses the character and activities of another person from Gračanica who belonged, for the most part, to the general pre-war activists and sympathizers of the communist movement that were young and from all nationalities. In the years prior to the Second World War they mostly gathered in the Cultural and Educational Society “National Library”, but also in some other pro-Yugoslav societies and organizations (“Gajret”, “Soko” and others) in Gračanica. During the war they mostly operated illegally helping the partisan movement, and some of them later joined proper partisan units. One of the most active among them was Fadil Šabić. This paper discusses his activity in the years immediately prior to the Second World War, his wartime activities and the immediate post-war period which was a time of severe disappointments for Šabić. In addition to basic information about his activities, special emphasis is placed on the general social environment in which he was active, as well as on the many prominent personalities from the local milieu with whom he met and collaborated.
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Nearly a thousand citizens of Gračanica died during the Second World War, soldiers and civilians included. The graves of many of those are unknown. In the regime and socio-political system that was being built after the war, many of these victims and sufferers were forgotten and the remembrance silenced – especially those that lost their lives outside of the context expressed by ideological categories, fallen fighters of the “People’s Liberation Struggle” and “Victims of fascist terror”. Only recently, after more than 50 years the research efforts of the “Gračanički glasnik” and its associates shed light on the extent of these casualties and the names of most victims (951 people in total) who lost their lives on different sides and in different circumstances. Heeding a basic civilized regard, our magazine thus revived these people as well. However, writing about these victims of the war we only barely touched upon the fate of their families and relatives. Many of these never learned anything about the circumstances in which their loved ones suffered, especially those that “departed” and never came back. Their basic human right to remember and honor were denied, but they were also deprived of many other things in these cruel and gloomy post-war years. Many such families lived in very poor conditions, without any income and help, under constant pressure and attack of the regime which considered them a hostile element… Their drama would still need to be researched, described and illuminated, although most of them are not part of this world anymore, taking with them their unrepentant pain for the victims and never-extinguished hope that they might return one day. Nevertheless, we have the opportunity to publish such a testimony here. Mahmut Đulić from Gračanica lost his father, who was forcibly mobilized the day before the partisans entered Gračanica (7th April). Thus he left his house and hometown forever. That 7th of April marks the beginning of very hard times for the family of the missing Hazim Đulić. Mahmut Đulić wrote down his memories of that specific day, prompted by modern commemorations on the 7th of April. We decided to share his record with our readers.
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During Ottoman times there were several public and private libraries in Gračanica. One of them was the library of Hadži Hasan effendi Nurikić, the muderris of the “Osman-kapetan” madrassah, who endowed his books to the Ahmed Paša mosque in Gračanica in the middle of the 19th century. We learn some basic data on this hitherto little-known library on the basis of a waqf document from 1916, when the grandson of the founder, Hasan ef. Kadić, was supervisor of the library.
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An exhibition was arranged at the Book History Hall of the “St. Cyril and Methodius” National Library in which the diary of the Bulgarian municipality in Skopje, kept in the period 4.I.1880–3.I.1882, was shown.
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During the second half of the 19th century the Bulgarian revolutionary emigration became aware of the significant impact of the revolutionary graphic. Through lithographs with historical narratives they aimed to encourage willingness for liberation from the occupation of the Ottoman Empire. These works of art were inspired by the new ideas of the Bulgarian National Revival figures, for instance Georgi Stoykov Rakovski (1821–1867). He is a famous revolutionary figure from Kotel, but also a diplomat, a publicist, a poet, and an instigator for the creation and dissemination of historical-revolutionary lithographs. The first lithograph, published under his initiative, is called The Dream of the Bulgarian National Revival revolutionaries for the liberation of Bulgaria in 1854 and created by Konstantin Rusovich. This work of art had a strong influence on the Bulgarian public. It has been republished several times. There are four various editions of this lithograph, three monochrome and one colour exemplar, which are preserved within the Cartographic and Graphic Editions collections in the “St. St. Cyril and Methodius” National Library. These editions have been published in Bucharest and Vienna.
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Book review: Tomasz Graff, Marcin Campius Wadowita (ca. 1567-1641). Clergyman and professor at the University of Krakow, Kraków 2018
More...Pamięci Wadowiczanom: nauczycielom, absolwentom i uczniom wadowickiego Gimnazjum Humanistycznego, którzy oddali życie za Niepodległość Ojczyzny w latach 1914-1921, red. K. Meus, Wadowice 2018
Book review „ „ Idziemy bój życia”. The community of the Wadowice Middle School on the way to the Independent. In memory of the Wadowice residents: teachers, graduates and students of the Humanities Middle School in Wadowice, who gave their lives for the Independence of the Fatherland in 1914-1921” edited by Dr. Konrad Meus. The publication was published by the Association of Graduates of Marcin Wadowita Comprehensive Secondary School in Wadowice in 2018.
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List of publications on Wadowice and the surrounding area, which appeared in 2003.
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This paper seeks to ascertain how Kavolis’s conception of the idea of a university and of its practical implementation cohered in 1989-1995 with the program undertaken by Algirdas Avižienis and a host of other émigrés in reestablishing Vytautas Magnus University. Kavolis was one of the most active Lithuanian-American academics and one of the deepest thinkers who deliberated on the question of what kind of university was needed and how it should be constructed in a free Lithuania. He spoke out in favor of gathering together Lithuanian academic forces from the world over and saw in this effort the greatest utility for the idea of a free Lithuania. There is no specialized research on this issue yet, and this paper presents Kavolis’s views as expressed in his hitherto unpublished text “The University and Tradition. A Letter to the Re-Creators of Vytautas Magnus University in Kaunas”. In it he discusses the drama of Western universities unfolding not only because of the early specialization of students but also because of the branching of ever narrower genuinely or imitatively created disciplines. Together with other luminaries of Western sociology and philosophy of science Kavolis sought and found balance in interdisciplinarity. This is reflected in the vision he offered to the men and women who rebuilt Vytautas Magnus University.
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Daug teisingų ir prasmingų žodžių buvo ir bus pasakyta apie šviesios atminties mano kolegą ir draugą Vytautą Kavolį. Dažniausiai buvo matoma jo rimtoji pusė. Nors jis visada buvo šiltas, draugiškas, atviras prasmingiems pokalbiams, ypač savo jaunųjų bičiulių sumanymams. Jis visur ieškojo vadinamojo minties potencialo, kartais ji įžvelgdamas net ten, kur jo gal ir nebuvo
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World War II produced a major shift in global power relations and led to the emergence of bipolarism. The agreements reached by the Allies in Yalta in February 1945 sanctioned the USSR's rule over Eastern Europe. In this context, the takeover of political power and the changes imposed in the economy by the communists in Romania, with the direct help of the USSR was a logical consequence. All the events that took place in Romania between August 23, 1944 and December 31, 1947 were part of the logic of communizing the Romanian society and state on the Soviet model. The communization of Romania followed a path that provided for the invalidation of the liberal, democratic, bourgeois, capitalist model of society and the imposition of another communist, undemocratic, egalitarian, totalitarian model. In order to achieve this goal, measures had been brutally applied to restrict citizens' rights, both politically and in terms of expression or property. In this context, the change of the historical role of the Royal Palace from Cotroceni to the Palace of the Pioneers was part of the propagandistic activity of a totalitarian regime which, in the absence of popular legitimacy, by vote, had to "fabricate" a history to legitimize it in front of the Romanian people.
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Studium zawiera próbę ponownego rozpoznania splotu relacji pomiędzy przeszłością, historią i mitem historycznym, ujmowanych interdyscyplinarnie: w perspektywie narratologicznej, kognitywistycznej i antropokulturowej. Autor dokonuje redefinicji problematyki zależności łączących i dzielących terminy „przeszłość”, „historia” i „mit”, wskazując na odmienność poetyki różniących się między sobą sposobów i form narracji historycznej oraz poznawczą użyteczność kategorii znaku, struktury semantycznej i funkcji znaczeniowej w refleksji badawczej nad wszelkiego rodzaju artystycznymi i nieartystycznymi przekazami dotyczącymi przeszłości.
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Artykuł poświęcony jest powieści Andrzeja Kuśniewicza z 1970 roku zatytułowanej Król Obojga Sycylii. Jest ona analizowana jako intertekstualna metapowieść historiograficzna mówiąca o relacji między pojedynczym podmiotem, jego zniekształconą i naznaczoną przez transgeneracyjne przekazy pamięcią oraz zdarzeniami historycznymi, w które jest uwikłany. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono tym aspektom utworu, które zbliżają jego narracyjną strukturę do narracji filmowej, zgodnie z sugestią Paula Coatesa. W interpretacji wykorzystano również koncepcje Siegfrieda Kracauera oraz Nicolasa Abrahama i Marii Török. Od tych autorów pochodzą ponadto kluczowe dla wywodu pojęcia monogramu i kryptonimu.
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