Memoria vie a Holocaustului din România și reprezentările sale (1944-1947)

Author(s): Dumitru Tucan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

The Holocaust in Romania (i.e. the involvement of Romanian authorities in the crimes against the Jewish population during World War II) was a marginalized and distorted historical event in the Romanian public discourse. Immediately after the end of the war and in the years that followed, some survivors wrote about the sufferings endured, texts of a vivid traumatic memory. Some were published, others remained in manuscript. There were also timid attempts to recover the memory of the Holocaust tragedy through artistic representations (graphic albums, fiction, film), which remained marginal. These texts and representations did not penetrate the public consciousness and Romanian cultural memory, the reasons being mostly ideological. Subsequently, especially after 1990, a good part of these texts were (re)published in an effort of memorial recovery whose project continues today. Also, other artistic representations have been produced which have begun to have an increasingly visible impact on Romanian cultural memory. This work starts from an analysis of the relationship between living memory, ideology and cultural memory (Assmann 2008, 2013) in order to sketch a typological and historical outline of the “literature” and cultural representations of the Holocaust in Romania, during the first years after World War II. I will be interested in the textual and artistic 'typology' of the phenomenon, as it manifests itself between the years 1944 and 1947, the years of the living (communicative) memory of the survivors.

Sprawozdanie z Międzynarodowej Konferencji Naukowej pt. „Klimat religijny w Diecezji Pomezańskiej około 1400 na tle europejskim” (21-22 czerwca 2024, Kwidzyn)

Author(s): Piotr Towarek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2024

The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Development of Bulgarian Studies in a Historical Perspective (1869–1992)

Author(s): Iliyana Marcheva / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2024

The study aims to highlight the role of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in the development of the Bulgarian Studies scientific filed in the different periods and historical contexts from the late 19th century to the early 1990s. The emphasis is placed on Bulgarian Studies perceived as knowledge in view of the Academy’s structures (commissions, institutes, centers) and the opportunities before their scientific production and its distribution in the international academic space. In this perspective, the author seeks the relationship with the cultural and foreign policy propaganda, especially during the decades of the Communist regime when that propaganda was highly centralized. Therefore, the analysis is based on recent research on the history of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the development of Bulgarian Studies abroad, as well as on archival materials available at the Central State Archives and the Academy’s Scientific Archives, which reflect the policies of the higher party organs and institutions such as the Center for Bulgarian Studies, published laws and statutes of the Academy, and Internet resources. The author’s conclusion is that the role of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in the development of Bulgarian Studies within the country and abroad depends on the status and tasks that the Academy sets for itself in its legal documents (statute and decisions), the tasks that the political power sets for it (in programs, laws and decrees), as well as on the extent to which the state supports its activities.

A Monograph on Domestic Slavery and Slaveholding in Ottoman Rumelia

Author(s): Stefka Parveva / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2024

Review of:TODOROVA, O., 2021. Domestic Slavery and Slaveholding in Ottoman Rumelia. Sofia: Gutenberg Publishing House. 444 pp. ISBN 978-619-176-195-1 [In Bulgarian].

Contribution to the Study of the History of Religions and Secularism in Bulgaria and Eastern Europe

Author(s): Nadya Filipova / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2024

Review of: EVSTATIEV, S., D. F. EICKELMAN, (eds.), 2022. Islam, Christianity, and Secularism in Bulgaria and Eastern Europe. The Last Half Century. Leiden and Boston: Brill. 304 pp. ISBN: 978-90-04-51155-2; E-Book ISBN: 978-90-04-51156-9.

Średniowieczny dokument jako znak i przedmiot oglądu w przestrzeni publicznej. Garść uwag o semiotyce dyplomatycznej, percepcji wizualnej i granicach nauk pomocniczych historii

Author(s): Anna Adamska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2024

The article analyzes the functioning of a document as an object (artefact) in medieval Europe, against the broad background of changes in the paradigm of research on medieval writing culture, which assumes a multitude of forms of contact with writing, including its perception as a system of signs that could be viewed rather than “read” in the modern sense.The physical aspects of the document, including its writing material, text layout on the page, graphic symbols and objects attached to the document, constitute an issue that goes beyond the boundaries of traditional diplomatics. It encourages researchers to engage in a more intensive dialogue with experts in other auxiliary sciences, primarily with experts in epigraphy, because a large number of documents were produced on hard material, and also in sphragistics, due to the close interaction between the document and the seal in the process of communicating by sight and touch. The article discusses the occasional presence of a document in public space – as an element of the rituals of power, shown at the request of its issuer or recipient, or as an object of viewing in the practice of examining its authenticity – as well as its permanent presence in the form of a text “exposed” in a stone or as a fresco (charta lapidaria). In all situations in question, the specialized or very general knowledge of viewers determined whether and to what an extent they were able to “read” the information encoded in the format and material of the document, in graphic signs, illuminations, and seals.

Gmerk – znak własnościowy czy tożsamości mieszczan? O pewnych niekonsekwencjach polskiej terminologii heraldycznej

Author(s): Marcin Starzyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2024

The author of the present study traces the way the signs used by city dwellers have been defined in Polish historiography so far. Taking the capital city of Krakow as an example, he showed that, like in Prussian centres, they used both gmerk house marks (i.e. bar identification signs) and bourgeois coats of arms (made up of a coat of arms and a shield, where heraldic figures in the strict sense of the word, but also bar signs, were used in parallel). The division outlined in this way allows us to assign the status of a coat of arms to a composition consisting of a coat of arms and a shield. The author also confirmed that the adoption of this graphic pattern (emblem + shield) by the townspeople was the result of their influence and observation of certain products of knightly culture. Moreover, both (knights’ coats of arms) and the other (burghers’ coats of arms) were intended to identify in the first place. In the case of noble coats of arms, at least in Poland, they have become a visual symbol of belonging to a particularly privileged class. So they spoke, as if for the owners, about their legal status. And although they were undoubtedly also used among the townspeople (as the result of some imitation), they did not duplicate all the functions of the nobility coat of arms, and, above all, they did not build the bourgeois (estate) identity.

Czy czarnogórskie i polskie fonemy /ś/ i /ź/ są tej samej proweniencji (w odniesieniu do koncepcji czarnogórskiego onomasty i językoznawcy Radoslava Rotkovicia o pochodzeniu przodków Czarnogórców)?

Author(s): Robert Bońkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2024

The analysis is an attempt to compare the genetic development of the spirants [ś] and [ź] in Polish and Montenegrin, and is a kind of Polish response to the theses put forward by the Montenegrin researcher Radoslav Rotković and later developed by the Montenegrinist Vojislav Nikčević regarding the common origin of these sounds in both languages. In view of the problem posed, the starting point is to present the theses put forward by Rotković in the monograph Odakle su došli preci Crnogoraca [“Where did the ancestors of Montenegrins come from”] and the evidence in support of them, as well as their linguistic development by Nikčević. Then, their reception by the Montenegrin and Polish Slavic community is analysed in order to compare the genesis of the Polish and Montenegrin spirants [ś] and [ź] in the light of previous accepted research and its results. This comparison speaks against the thesis put forward by Rotković, as it indicates different paths of the appearance of the spirants [ś] and [ź] in the Montenegrin and Polish languages.

Любен Каравелов и неговите книги

Author(s): Nikolay Chernokozhev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 49/2024

Дисертации 2024

Author(s): Nikola Kazanski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 49/2024

Defended PhD theses in Bulgaria in the field of linguistics, literature, history, folklore, ethnography and art studies.

Научни форуми 2024

Author(s): Emiliya Voleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 49/2024

Data about scientific events in the field of the humanities in Bulgaria in the second half of 2024.

Международен форум за кирилицата „Азбука. Език. Идентичност“

Author(s): Tsenka Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 49/2024

Научна конференция „Разказващият човек и светът на фолклора“

Author(s): Aneliya Manova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 49/2024

In memoriam Дан Замфиреску

Author(s): Vasilka Aleksova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 49/2024

In memoriam Албена Хранова

Author(s): Nikolay Aretov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 49/2024

Bevezető a Fordulat 33. számához

Author(s): Laura Bozsik,Virág Buka,Adél Csűrök,Lilla Eredics,Ágnes Gagyi,Tamás Gerőcs,Eszter Horváth,Sára Lafferton,Klára Nagy,Kristóf Nagy,András Papp,Linda Szabó,Eszter Váradi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 33/2024

The 33rd issue of Fordulat deals with the recent era of China's growing international role, which has directly affected the post-regime Hungarian accumulation regimes, from a global and historical perspective. The organic antecedents of the present processes are China's socialist industrialisation attempts, its political and economic reforms in response to the internal contradictions of the system, and their linkage to the transformation of global capitalist production at the end of the 20th century, which was analysed by the Chuang collective in the previous issue of Fordulat, No. 32. This transformation sought to counteract the symptoms of the crisis of the post-World War II global economic boom that emerged in the 1970s by shifting Western production capacity to East Asian and later specifically Chinese industrial zones.

Catalogul documentelor domniei lui Mihai Suțu aflate în patrimoniul Muzeului Municipiului București (1783-1786)

Author(s): Grina-Mihaela Rafailă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLII/2024

In the collections of the Museum of the Municipality of Bucharest there are 52 documents from the first reign of the first ruler of Wallachia coming from the Suțu family, issued from July 6, 1783 until around March 26, 1786. Soon afterwards, although he was on good terms with the Sublime Porte, Mihai Suțu was replaced by Nicolae Petru Mavrogheni (1786-1790), son of Petru Mavrogheni, consul of Austria in Mykonos.Of the 52 documents, 36 are originals, written on paper, accompanied by later, 19th century, Romanian or modern copies. The other documents were preserved in different manuscripts, such as “The comprehensive cartulary of all old and new estates of Agești and Dărmănești ...”, “Cartulary of special royal deeds and books that were made in the treasuries of your great treasurer Ianache Văcărescu ...” and “Cartulary of records regarding the Sinești estates, ..., houses, places and shops in Bucharest and Târgoviște, mills, gypsies owned by the family of doctor Constantin Darvari, between the years 1699-1841”.Among these documents, are noteworthy the orders given by the ruler of Wallachia to the great boyars to investigate the border disputes between different owners. One document refers to the lord's son, Grigore (Grigorașco, Grigorie) beizadea, married to Sevastia Dudescu, “one of the noble daughters of the land”, who was exempted from paying some taxes. The contribution to the improvement of the city's water supply system, for the “use, satisfaction and adornment of the police and all the public”, was rewarded by the ruler by granting “two measures of water” to Scarlat Greceanu great chancellor.The catalogue also comprises documents issued by the great boyars, following complaints related to various issues, lists of various assets, as well as a document sanctioned “with a fearful curse and terrible expletive” by archbishop Grigorie II, the Metropolitan of Wallachia.

Recenzii și notițe bibliografice

Author(s): Mariana Lazăr,Marian Coman,Mihai Mîrza,Andrei Pippidi,Dorel Țuinea,Mircea-Cristian Ghenghea,Snezhana Rakova,Dragoș Lucian Țigău,Alexandru-Florin Platon / Language(s): Romanian,French Issue: XLII/2024

Book reviews. This article contains reviews of several books. The reviewed books focus on history and religion.

Poznawanie człowieka. Metafora terra incognita w „Podróżach do piekieł” Bolesława Micińskiego w perspektywie metaforologii Hansa Blumenberga

Author(s): Kacper Tokarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (23)/2024

The article deals with the process of formulating the subjectivity in Bolesław Miciński’s “Journeys to hells”. The main research tool for the analysis and interpretation of the essay is Hans Blumenberg’s idea of metaphorology. The interpretation is guided by the two thinkers’ shared view of issues concerning philosophical language – both, in their own way, shunned linguistic conceptualization of any sort. Blumenberg’s metaphor of terra incognita, as interpreter by Miciński, is utilized in diverse ways to present the image of the world as well as individual and social dimensions of human existence. The notion of “journey”, a problematic thread of modernity and psychoanalysis allow the author to highlight the imaginative potential inherent in the metaphor itself. Considering the “travelers” significant for Miciński, namely Odysseus and Descartes, as well as a stylistic richness of the analyzed essay, allows for showing that the metaphor of “unknown lands” can be useful in interpretation. The aim of the article aims to present the subjectivity presented in “Journeys to Hell” which, manifesting itself in a metaphorical language distant from discursive counterparts, does not fit into any conceptual forms.

Rola tożsamości narodowej i religii w budowaniu opozycji antykomunistycznej. Przykład Polski i Niemiec

Author(s): Monika Maria Brzezińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2023

Niniejsze opracowanie porusza problematykę związku zachodzącego między tożsamością narodową a religią oraz zdolnością budowania przez społeczeństwo opozycji wobec systemów komunistycznych. Podjęta w pracy analiza dotyczy narodu polskiego czasu Polskiej Rzeczpospolitej Ludowej i niemieckiego okresu Niemieckiej Republiki Demokratycznej jako dwóch odmiennych przykładów postaw społecznych.Analiza dowodzi, że Polacy i Niemcy w sytuacji historycznie trudnej, jaką było wprowadzenie systemu komunistycznego, wykazali tendencję do konsolidacji tożsamości narodowej wokół dwóch odmiennych koncepcji: naturalistyczno-kulturalistycznej i konstruktywistycznej. Pierwsza polegała na silnym odwołaniu się Polaków do etnosu, wraz z całym jego wymiarem duchowości i religijności, jako elementu scalającego społeczeństwo, a Niemców do demosu, rozumianego jako podporządkowanie się prawu i władzy stanowiących gwarancję porządku publicznego.Ten zróżnicowanie skonstruowany rdzeń tożsamości stał się kluczowy w budowaniu postaw antykomunistycznych w obu społeczeństwach. U Polaków skutkował sprzeciwem i silną strukturą opozycyjną, u Niemców skłonnością do akceptacji i legitymizacji działań władz komunistycznych. Zjawiska te, szczególnie zauważalne u przywódców Kościoła katolickiego w Polsce i Kościoła ewangelickiego w Niemczech (Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland), dodatkowo wzmacniała zdywersyfikowana spójność religijna – silna u Polaków i słaba u Niemców.