THE HUNGARIZATION OF NAMES AND INSCRIPTIONS ON THE CROSSES IN THE CEMETERY OF PLĂIEȘII DE JOS - A FORM OF MANIFESTATION OF ETHNIC ASSIMILATION

Author(s): George Damian Mocanu,Narcis Rupe / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The cemetery of the Romanian community in Plăieșii de Jos testifies by the inscriptions on the funerary monuments to the process of ethnic assimilation that has been going on here for a long time. An extended analysis of these inscriptions may bring new elements for a better understanding of this process of ethnic assimilation of a Romanian community.

Iuris ratio et aequitas в Codex Theodosianus и Corpus iuris civilis (Codex Iustinianus и Digesta)

Author(s): Dorothea Valentinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2025

Roman philosophy, literature, and law offer some of the most well-structured and coherent theories of justice as the foundational principle underlying human existence and society, without which their future becomes inconceivable. Two interconnected concepts – aequitas and iustitia – are central to the Roman conception of justice. This article seeks to reconstruct the concept of aequitas and its relationship with iuris ratio (viewed through the lens of universalis iustitia), drawing on selected texts from the Codex Theodosianus (5th century) and the Corpus Iuris Civilis (Codex Iustinianus and Digesta, 6th century).

Деспот Йоан Углеша и атонският манастир Симонопетра

Author(s): Cyril Pavlikyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2025

The article examines the content of a chrysobull allegedly issued by the Serbian Despot of Serres, Jovan Uglješa (1360–1371), for the Athonite Monastery of Simonopetra. The original document is lost, and the only surviving version is a copy authenticated by the Patriarch of Constantinople, Cyril I Loukaris, in 1623. This patriarchal confirmation charter presents a text supposedly issued by Jovan Uglješa 359 years earlier, in 1264. Beginning with this evident chronological discrepancy, the article analyzes the text of Loukaris’s corroborated copy and evaluates which elements of this potentially forged document may be regarded as authentic and which must be dismissed as inconsistent or anachronistic.

Османската мерна единица чифт волове: континуитет и приложение

Author(s): Orlin Sabev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2025

This article examines the origins and application of the Ottoman agro-fiscal unit known as the “pair of oxen.” Its roots can be traced to the agricultural practices and taxation policies of pre-Ottoman societies, including the Byzantine and Seljuk empires, as well as earlier civilizations such as the Roman and ancient Persian societies. Historically, the pair of oxen served as a benchmark for assessing the productive capacity and wealth of farmers, forming the basis for taxation. The author provides examples illustrating that this system persisted in the Bulgarian lands until the very end of Ottoman rule.

RELIGION AND CONFLICT: THE CASE OF BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA

Author(s): Kjell Magnusson / Language(s): English Issue: 42/2024

The text discusses the role of religion in the Bosnian conflict, based on data on attitudes and behaviour in Bosnia and Herzegovina, collected by a survey undertaken in 1999. To what extent did religion – understood as individual religiosity – actually shape people’s attitudes towards the conflict? Are religious people more prone to nationalism and xenophobia than others? Analyses of cross tables were ambiguous; there was no linear effect of religiosity on attitudes to the war or the future of Bosnia. Using structural equation modelling (SEM) it was assumed that religion and nationalism, understood as multidimensional concepts (second-order factor structures), cause xenophobia. It turned out that, while there was a correlation between nationalism and religion, only nationalism, not religion, was directly affecting xenophobia. The basic features of the model, both causal relations and dimensions of religion and nationalism were found among the three major ethnic communities in Bosnia.

ДУБОКИ РАСКОЛ У ПРАВОСЛАВЉУ КАО ПОСЛЕДИЦА СУКОБА У УКРАЈИНИ: ГЕОПОЛИТИЧКА ПЕРСПЕКТИВА

Author(s): Dimitrije Teodosić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 42/2024

The paper analyzes the geopolitical processes that were triggered by the conflict in Ukraine in 2022, what led to them and how they affect the Orthodox civilization. The conflict in Ukraine is not only a military conflict, it is a conflict of value systems, a propaganda conflict, a conflict between two nations of similar language, religion, culture and history, and a conflict for the new world order. These similarities, as well as belonging to the same civilizational order, were placed in another plan, far behind geopolitical goals. In recent years, Orthodoxy has suffered a lot and is facing problems of an existential nature. The ideals and values that have been cherished for centuries in the Orthodox civilization, and which have been preserved to this day, cease to be valued and lose their importance. The ongoing schism within the Orthodox civilization can create insurmountable consequences for the Orthodox world and thus completely fall under the influence of other civilizations. What is needed is to return to the essence of Orthodox values and strive towards the idea of unity, true freedom within society and valuing the individual. Only then will Orthodox civilization be able to overcome the problems imposed on it by external factors and only then will it realize its potential.

INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIPS OR DISTURBING GUESTS? ARTISTIC EXCHANGES IN SOCIALIST ROMANIA DURING THE 1950s

Author(s): Irina Cărăbaș / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

The article explores the role of cultural diplomacy in Socialist Romania during the 1950s, focusing on three key art exhibitions that took place in Bucharest. These exhibitions, featuring works by Italian, French, and Mexican artists, were part of broader diplomatic efforts to connect Romania with the West and the Third World. The study highlights how these cultural exchanges, initiated by institutions like the Romanian Institute for Foreign Cultural Relations, were instrumental in fostering transnational networks and reshaping Socialist Realism. It also examines the complex interactions between Romanian cultural diplomacy and international actors, revealing how these exhibitions contributed to both diplomatic achievements and internal debates on the future of Socialist Realism. By analyzing these events, the article provides new insights into the cultural and political dynamics of the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War, emphasizing Romania’s unique position within this global context.

TRANSNATIONAL CULTURAL EXCHANGES: THE CENSORSHIP OF FOREIGN FILMS IN ROMANIA DURING THE 1960s – 1970s. HIGHLIGHTS FROM A FILM DISTRIBUTION ARCHIVAL FUND

Author(s): Alina Popescu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

This article explores the censorship of foreign films in Romania during the 1960s and 1970s, a period marked by increased film exchanges with both socialist and non-socialist countries. The study is primarily focused on a unique collection of archival documents – the Monica Maisner Fund – that provide rare insights into the control of foreign cinematic productions. A variety of documents elucidate the mechanisms behind film selection, evaluation, the activity of commissions in charge, the role of the involved institutional authorities, various forms of interventions, problematic cases, the criteria determining the acceptance or rejection of specific films. Compiled by a former employee of the sole institution responsible for nationwide film programming and distribution (Centrala România Film and its predecessors), this archival collection also raises pertinent questions for readers about its status in relation to censorship. Drawing on the literature on transnational cinematic exchanges, this article demonstrates the significant weight that censorship carries in the dynamics of the politically charged context of the Cold War.

A TRANSNATIONAL APPROACH TO ANTI-CORRUPTION IN SOCIALIST ROMANIA (1971 – 1989)

Author(s): Alexandra Oprea / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

This paper offers a nuanced analysis of the clash between Western criticisms of corruption in Ceaușescu’s Romania and the counter-narratives promoted by the communist state. It explores how the Romanian state justified the presence of corruption in a society that claimed to be egalitarian and the specific legal and propagandistic language used to address these issues. The study begins by examining how international media portrayed “corrupt practices” as evidence of the socialist model’s failure, arguing that it institutionalized rather than eliminated privilege. It then contrasts this Western perspective with the response crafted by communist propaganda. The paper argues that the Romanian authorities created a counternarrative to demonstrate their commitment to addressing corruption, thereby reinforcing the legitimacy of socialist property and justifying the economic and social crises. By adopting a transnational approach, the study transcends national paradigms, demonstrating that communist regimes were significantly influenced by East-West relations rather than operating in isolation.

Формиране, устройство и организация на бежанските поселения в законодателството на България през периода 1913–1925 година

Author(s): Ivanka Deleva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The main aim of the present paper is to clarify the nature and specifics of the formation of refugee settlements in Bulgaria in the period 1913-1925, both in the form of independent settlements and as smaller settlement configurations. The study traces the development of state, normatively grounded, theoretical formulations related to the structure and organization of refugee settlements. The analysis of the available source material makes it possible to draw conclusions about the development of the government's ideas on this issue and the increase in detail in the pre-planning, over time, in relation to its resolution.

Политически и правни измерения на Закона за македонската национална чест

Author(s): Stanislav Stanev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The Macedonian National Honor Act is an extraordinary piece of legislation that operated on the territory of today‘s Republic of North Macedonia in the first half of 1945. Its anti-Bulgarian orientation often became the occasion for discussions that were more intense in the Republic of Bulgaria. For an adequate assessment of this law and the consequences of its implementation, it is necessary to make a complex analysis – of the historical context and of its legal structure.

Под знака на българо-хърватските диалози

Author(s): Antoaneta Balcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2024

The Effects of The COVID-19 Pandemic on Ethnic Minority Teachers and Students at Lower Secondary Schools in Some Mountainous Provinces in The North of Vietnam

Author(s): Nguyen Thi Minh Thu,Duong Nguyet Van,Tran Thi Nhung / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has turned the lives of people around the globe upside down because of its dangerous nature and speed of spread. The pandemic has forced people to change their outlooks, habits, lifestyles, and working methods to adapt to new contexts. In Vietnam, for the education sector, these strong impacts, on the one hand, created difficulties and challenges; on the other hand, they also created opportunities to adapt to new forms of teaching; and the motivation for teachers and students to have cognitive changes, contributing to the on-going educational innovation process. These effects on teaching in the ethnic minority areas of Vietnam in general and the Northern mountainous provinces of Vietnam, in particular, have become increasingly obvious. In the context of complicated developments of the COVID-19 pandemic, from the research of the teaching situation at the lower secondary level in some mountainous provinces in Northern Vietnam, in this article, the authors will analyse and explain the challenges and adaptations of those working in the education sector in these regions; and draw lessons and practical experiences as a basis for proposing specific and urgent recommendations to deal with the impacts of pandemics and maintain effective teaching for students in these areas.

Pandemics, Epidemics and Their Classification Criteria: What Questions for Anthropology?

Author(s): Isabelle Gobatto / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

Pandemics and epidemics are based on facts, statistics, and estimates translated into projections and epidemiological modeling. They are also the subject of representations and, in a correlative way, of significations. Thus, it is biological, epidemiological, and social criteria that generate the character of seriousness to which global public policies hasten to respond with significant financial support. Many of these are caused by pathogenic agents. Among those identified since the 1970s are the AIDS viruses, more recently COVID-19. However, non-infectious diseases are sometimes supported by narratives that portray them as epidemics or pandemics for example, the WHO has referred to diabetes as a new global epidemic, given its steadily rising prevalence rates worldwide. My aim is to question the central but also ambivalent role played by the production of statistics and quantitative data in qualifying a phenomenon as an epidemic or a pandemic on the one hand and by the collective feeling of uncontrolled and socially dangerous exposure to a risk on the other. I will discuss their performative effects and their symbolic function, using the illustrative case of diabetes. Like many chronic non-communicable diseases, diabetes is a financially under-supported disease in the context of national health systems particularly in low-resource countries, even though it causes millions of deaths. Driven by a desire to alert people to future global health problems, it is of interest to consider how some experts use the notions of contamination or contagion in their arguments and to understand their underlying representations.

Żydowskie ślady na Środkowym Nadodrzu

Author(s): Andrzej Kirmiel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2011

Artykuł dotyczy pozostałości po obecności ludności żydowskiej na Środkowym Nadodrzu. Autorka krótko opisuje polsko-niemiecką współpracę w akcie ratowania dziedzictwa kulturowego na badanym terenie oraz działalność organizacji społecznych i szkół uczestniczących w tym przedsięwzięciu.

Съдържание на свитъци I–XXX

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,French,Macedonian,German Issue: 30/2024

Принос към българската историческа картография. Две нови книги на Драгомир Йорданов

Author(s): Petko Petkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2024

„Най-източната SIHDA някога!“, или за 77-ата сесия на Международното дружество „Фернан де Вишер“ за история на правото през Античността (Société Internationale Fernand de Visscher pour l’Histoire des Droits de l’Antiquité – SIHDA)

Author(s): Boryana Miteva,Ghenka Mozzhuhina / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2024

The Serbian Identity of FK Crvena zvezda (FC Red Star Belgrade) in the Socialist Era: Perspectives from Memoirs and Biographies

Author(s): Aleksandar Raković / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

The article argues that the Crvena zvezda Football Club (FC Red Star Belgrade) maintained both Serbian and pan-Serbian identity during the socialist era (1945–1991), based on primary sources such as memoirs, and biographies. With no Serbian dynasty or state, and the Serbian Orthodox Church marginalized, FK Crvena zvezda became a unifying factor for the Serbian people in socialist Yugoslavia.

Aleksej Kalc, Mirjam Milharčič Hladnik, Janja Zitnik Serafin, Daring Dreams of the Future: Slovenian Mass Migrations 1870–1945.

Author(s): Vesna Đikanović / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

Review of: Aleksej Kalc, Mirjam Milharčič Hladnik, Janja Zitnik Serafin, Daring Dreams of the Future: Slovenian Mass Migrations 1870–1945. Berlin, Bruxelles, Chennai, Lausanne, New York, Oxford: Peter Lang, 2024.