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The 7th International Conference Innovation Management, Entrepreneurship and Sustainability (IMES 2019) took place on May 30 – 31, 2019 at the University of Economics, Prague. The conference was organised by the Department of Entrepreneurship of the University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic in cooperation with other partners.Sound keynote speakers – Martina Musteen (San Diego State University, USA), Ilan Alon (University of Agder, Norway), Andrew Burke (Trinity Business School, Ireland), Arnim Wiek (Arizona State University, USA), Søren Salomo (Technical University Berlin, Germany) and Roy Thurik (Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands) discussed the trends in the fields of innovation management, entrepreneurship and sustainability. The conference aimed to achieve academic excellence in a regional context and to establish a platform for mutual collaboration, exchange and dissemination of ideas among researchers and professionals.These conference proceedings contain contributions of the conference participants presented during both days of the conference. Authors of papers come from 22 countries all over the world, namely from Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Colombia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Mexico, Paraguay, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, USA and Vietnam. All these contributions have successfully passed the doubleblind peer-review process.
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At the end of the First World War, when the Yugoslavs were finally united, one of the most serious problems facing the newly formed state was that of land tenure and agrarian reform. Almost 80 per cent of the population was engaged in agriculture, for industry had been only slightly developed in the sections formerly under foreign domination. Moreover, every degree of land reform or its total absence could be found. In the former Kingdom of Serbia, feudalism had been abolished when freedom from the Ottoman Empire was attained in 1833. Estates of Turkish landlords were confiscated without indemnity, and former Serbian serfs became peasant farmers in their own right. When additional territory was conquered from the Turks in 1878, confiscation of estates again took place, although this time the Turkish landowners were compensated for their loss.
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Brownfields are mostly associated with urban areas. However, the consequences of political and economic transformation have also affected rural areas. The most common type of brownfields in Slovakia is brownfields after agricultural production. The objective of the study was to identify the brownfields in the Zlaté Moravce district and focus primarily on the localisation of agricultural brownfields in the individual municipalities of the district. The district under review belongs to the Nitra Region, which is the most agriculturally used region in Slovakia. In order to meet our goal we mainly used the field research method and within this method the techniques such as observation, interviews with the employees of the municipal authorities, the owners of brownfield areas, the inhabitants of the municipalities and collection of photographic documentation. In the District we identified 64 brownfields and according to their original use it was predominantly agricultural brownfields amounting to a total number of 36. Most of them are in private hands. In many cases there is not only a single brownfield owner. Agricultural brownfields presented up to 95 % from the overall area of all brownfield categories. Agricultural brownfields are situated almost in every municipality in the district. In the majority of the cases it is agricultural areas, which include a number of abandoned buildings. In the Zlaté Moravce District none of these areas or buildings respectively has been revitalized so far because of the complicated ownership structure and lack of funding necessary for their restoration.
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Bulgaria has all the prerequisites to be among the leaders in the market of tobacco and tobacco products in Europe and in the world. Our country has traditions in this sector. The territorial distribution and the presence of individual tobacco producers require knowledge of the markets and the qualities of the products offered. Their successful implementation depends above all on the state trade policy in this sector.The main purpose of the development is to present the state of the tobacco market – planted areas and yields of tobacco, production and prices of tobacco and tobacco products, as well as to research the behavior of consumers. In conclusion, the leading problems and trends for improving Bulgaria's position in the market of tobacco and tobacco products are outlined.
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The applied classical model of economic development from the industrial revolution to today has exhausted its possibilities, which has various economic-market manifestations from the increase in the prices of raw materials due to their depletion to the need to protect the environment and the increasing need for energy. After a number of scientific discussions and studies, the concept of the „circular economy“ was established, based on the regenerative approach of production. The circular economy is implemented through a variety of measures, activities and approaches depending on the characteristics of the region and/or sector, as a result of which business models and cycles can be typified. The purpose of this article is to analyze the existing and potential models of the circular economy applicable in the grain production of the Northeastern region of Bulgaria.
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Research overview: the post-war Ukraine’s recovery requires the implementation of balanced organizational and economic measures aimed at developing food systems. Such sustainable solutions can be implemented through the implementation of the European Green Deal and by increasing the efficiency of organic production, its environmental friendliness and optimal use of agricultural land. The global organic market is growing steadily, and Ukraine has significant potential to develop production and exports of such products abroad. The global marketplace is strengthening the position of organic food products, with most consumers concerned about their own health and countries concerned about the environment. During martial law, organic producers in Ukraine faced ensuring security challenges, including the destruction of agricultural land, rising prices, logistical difficulties in domestic and foreign markets, etc. The application of a balanced state policy in the field of organic production, balanced and economical use of natural resources and solving environmental problems will contribute to the development of food systems during post-war Ukraine’s recovery. The aim of the study is to implement the European Green Deal and circular economy during post-war Ukraine’s recovery in the sustainability food systems based on organic production.
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Worldwide, farmers are striving to maintain and increase the amount of humus in the soil, which is directly related to proper soil fertility management and, above all, the root management of plants grown in the soil. One way to achieve this is with the use of intercrops (also called cover crops). These crops stimulate humus formation, they build the condition for the active life of beneficial microbial organisms by feeding them and leave valuable nutrients in the soil for the next crop, providing it with the opportunity to increase its yield. The presence of living roots for most of the growing season increases soil energy, the amount of microorganisms and nutrient cycling. The purpose of this study is to track the use of good agricultural practices such as the application of microbial fertilizers, "smart" insecticides and fungicides, mycorrhizal treatments, and biological ones to degrade crop residues under minimum tillage technologies coupled with cover crops application.
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Food waste is a global problem that has an impact on the entire food chain and affects each and every one of us. The problem is multifaceted and has a number of negative consequences. Food waste has a negative impact on the environment, resources, the climate and leads to an increase in economic and social costs. Food safety, feeding the planet’s growing population and achieving sustainable development depend on the ability of current generations to tackle food waste and loss of food at every stage of the food chain. The current study assesses the state of food waste in out-of-home dining (based on the case of university canteens) by identifying the categories of foods in which the waste is greatest. The study used the method of direct observation in three university canteens in Sofia. The results can be used by stakeholders in developing appropriate tools and policies to solve the problem and meet the UN’s global development goals. Meeting target 12.3 requires globally to halve food waste per capita at retail and household level and reduce food losses along the food production and supply chain, including post-harvest losses by 2030.
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Importance of wood as a sustainable and renewable material presumed its large scale use in architectural structures for centuries. In order to analyze the potential of prospective application of wood in build environment in Bulgaria it is instrumental to investigate the regional specifics in historical development of wooden structures in traditional building practices of the Mediterranean region and in particular on Balkan region Purpose: Understanding the evolution of building practices and identification of sustainable approaches. Many traditional building practices that involve the use of wood are inherently sustainable, incorporating low-impact and resource-efficient techniques. A historical review of the use of wood in architecture can identify these sustainable practices and help us learn from them. A historical review of the use of wood in architecture can provide insight into the stages of development of wooden structures over time and reveals specifics of use of wood according to different cultures and how the technology for working with wood has evolved over time.
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The quality of fruits is the basis for their realization and use as intended (for direct consumption, processing, import and export). Stone fruits are a major group of the great species diversity of fresh fruits grown in our country. They are distinguished by traditions in production, consumption and are used as raw material in the processing industry. Therefore, their quality is the subject of various studies, and the documents regulating the quality requirements of stone fruits over the years are periodically updated and therefore their research, presentation and analysis is of interest.
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After the detailed analysis of the records of the Slavonian estates in the middle of the 18th century, the author has depicted the development of the allodial economy. This was done by applying several models of the data analysis. Furthermore, the results of this data analysis is compared with the historiographical literature on the similar subject with the aim to give comparison of the development of the allodial economy on the estates in Croatian and Slavonian counties. The research results show that the allodial economy on the Slavonian estates in the middle of the 18th century was underdeveloped, i.e. that Slavonian estates in that period were in the first stage of development. This is possible to argue considering the fact that more than 75% of all financial assets was used in constructing the housing and farm buildings such as barns and granaries. Furthermore, the research results show that the allodial income was never higher than 25% of income from a particular estate, and it was usually lesser than 20%. Therefore, the author argues that the differences in the amount of income are connected with the presence of the estate’s owner on the estate, because if the owner was present on the estate the income was higher. Finally, the research results of the analysis of the allodia economy also show the differences in the development of the estates. These differences can be most likely connected with the differences of the socio-economical and natural precondition, what can be seen in the development of the various types of the agricultural production.
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With the growing interest in short food chains from farmers, consumers, private and public institutions around the world, it proves that it is necessary to look for alternative food systems which are able to provide some of the "requirements" that the traditional short food chain does not currently meet. Alternative food networks (AFN) are local food systems and networks with short supply chains replacing global food systems. They are often located at the interface between the countryside and the city and, as a result of the high effort towards innovative network organization, they have different forms. As the demand for locally sourced, sustainable food continues to grow, alternative food networks have emerged as a promising solution to connect small producers with urban consumers. The aim of the case study is to find out the organizational models of alternative food networks in Europe and to identify the specific parameters of these networks using case studies. Another goal of the study is to identify and describe food initiatives on the territory of the Slovak Republic based on available sources. To achieve these goals, it was necessary to conduct a systematic review of the literature on this topic. Content analysis has the task of mapping alternative food chains and proving that these chains can be a suitable way for short food chains. The findings show that alternative food networks have the potential to support a food system that is more sustainable and equitable. However, the success of these networks depends on how well they can work at the urban-rural interface.
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Ongoing global climate changes bring new challenges for the viticulture sector as well. The aim of the paper was to explore the impact of climate change on viticulture in the Nitra Region, using the prediction of the average annual air temperature and total atmospheric precipitation for the years 2050 and 2080 under a moderate emission scenario (RCP4.5) and the results of field research. We applied statistical-mathematical methods to the processing of statistical data. When comparing multi-year and annual climatic phenomena, we used the historicalgeographical, comparative, and cartographic method. After applying the emission scenario to the Nitra Region in the forecast years 2050 and 2080, the expected increase in the average annual air temperature was confirmed and we found a reduction in the difference in total precipitation in areas with different altitudes. 29 winemaking entities of the region perceive the current impacts of climate change as a lower amount of precipitation and a drier climate, and 22 entities as higher air temperatures and the amount of sunshine. Each entity solves climate change problems differently, e.g. by harvesting grapes earlier, by increasing protection against a higher incidence of diseases and pests, or they started growing vine varieties resistant to higher temperatures and drought.
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The paper aims to reveal the meanings attached to agricultural land by its owners and municipal representatives. The way farmland is used influences how municipalities can reduce the negative impacts of climate change on their territory. Therefore, the paper seeks to further capture the motivations for farming by local owners and their connection to the environmental context. The research is based on personal questionnaire survey with landowners and interviews with municipal representatives in three model localities in the Czech Republic (Pohořelice, Valašsko-Kloboucko and Tišnov). According to the findings, the land is perceived as a valuable commodity, associated with heritage and tradition. From the point of view of local owners, it was associated with an investment, from the point of view of municipalities as a means of influencing the future direction of the municipality. The link between land ownership and environmental issues (e.g. the ability to influence the effects of climate change manifestations at the local level) was very weak.
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The concept of social agriculture is based on the use of the benefits of productive and non-productive functions of agriculture to support the quality of life of socially or medically disadvantaged people. In connection with the benefits, emphasis is placed on work integration, social services, rehabilitation, therapy and educational activities, which are provided on the farm premises. The aim of the paper is to examine the possibilities of job integration of disadvantaged job seekers in the agricultural sector in the regions of Slovakia. Specifically, it aims to identify the potential of disadvantaged groups of jobseekers, analyze the capacity of farms in terms of jobs and the importance of agriculture for the regional economy and assess the readiness of farms to employ different groups of disadvantaged jobseekers. Secondary data and a questionnaire survey designed for agricultural enterprises were used in the study.The results of the survey showed that disadvantaged jobseekers account for a significant share of the total number of jobseekers. In the structure of disadvantaged jobseekers, long-term unemployed job seekers and job seekers over the age of 50 predominate in all regions. The questionnaire survey confirmed that these groups of disadvantaged job seekers are also the largest group that farms employ or plan to employ in the future. The absorption capacity of agricultural holdings can be limiting. Job capacity and the concentration of the agricultural sector indicate the spatial potential for the application of the concept of social agriculture. The paper also focuses in more detail on selected disadvantaged groups in the labour market, whose integration in the market may require a greater degree of adaptation of conditions by the employer.
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The article is focused on the regeneration process of agricultural brownfields in the South Moravian Region. The selected area was intensively used for agriculture in the past, and as a result of deagrarization, a large number of brownfields originated in this area. Unused and abandoned buildings bring many problems, they are often demolished, and subsequently, new buildings are built in their place. Regeneration, which is usually more complicated than demolition and new construction, can be a much better option, however, its result can be far more valuable. During regeneration, many circumstances can be encountered that contribute to the successful restoration of the site, as well as obstacles that need to be overcome. Therefore, the aim of the article is to find, with the help of semi-structured interviews with stakeholders, the most common factors and obstacles associated with the successful regeneration of the agricultural brownfields in the South Moravian Region and suggest possible recommendations for streamlining regeneration processes. The research showed that an essential prerequisite for successful regeneration is the preparatory phase, in which a decision is made on the meaningful use of the brownfield. The next necessary step is resolving the property law relationship, securing financial resources, processing project documentation, and examining all risks that could complicate the regeneration activities. After that, it depends mainly on the involved stakeholders, their motivation, mutual cooperation and a thoughtful procedure that bring the whole project to successful completion and subsequent operation.
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Cities around the world are growing and under varying degrees of control they grow through the surrounding landscape, merging and absorbing areas that were originally rural or agricultural. These areas, with some exceptions, have hitherto been understood only as free undeveloped land suitable for further urbanization, without examining their importance in terms of their natural, recreational, and cultural value. The article deals with the development of cities in relation to fragments of post-agrarian structures in the landscape and focuses on the postagrarian landscape overgrown into the city. The aim of the article is (within the existing research gap) to analyze the issue of post-agrarian areas and landscapes within existing urban units, especially about the metropolitan areas of Central European cities, and to propose ways to protect these areas as recreational areas for city inhabitants as well as an important cultural heritage. The article is based on an analysis of professional literature and two case studies Prague - Trojmezí and Berlin - Malchow, where it is shown how the future use of these areas can be solved by landscape studies. A specific and sensitive solution of post-agrarian areas by landscape plan / study and nature-friendly solution can at least partially correct the existing negatives and this semi-natural background of the city can ensure in the developing urban whole both a contribution to the development of community and organic agriculture, as well as recreational functions in the area where it is possible to walk a dog, ride a horse or mountain bike, and at the same time not to leave the comfort of the overall urbanity of the city.
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The aim of the paper is to evaluate the shopping behavior of consumers in Slovakia (n=1004) and their perceptions of products sold in large stores and farmers' markets. In search of specifics, we proceeded to consumer segmentation by gender and income. To test the hypotheses we used the Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U and KruskalWallis tests. Consumers choose large supermarket and hypermarket stores for the most frequent purchases of food and other daily consumer goods. According to consumer perceptions, these stores do not offer healthier and better quality food, but cheaper. Differences in such perception were not confirmed between men and women. The claim that supermarkets and hypermarkets offer healthier and better quality food depends on different income groups of consumers. Research shows that consumers 'perceptions of farmers' markets do not depend on gender and income. An exception is the statistically significant relationship between men and women and their perception that products sold at farmers' markets are cheaper than in regular shops. In general, consumers agree that products sold at farmers' markets are healthier and better quality than products in regular shops. At the same time, they disagree that products sold at farmers' markets are cheaper than products in regular shops.
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