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The research is a vineyard area which was established with local omas at the age of 4 years. Grapevine are 1.6 m above the row and 3.1 m between the rows and are shaped by V system finishing. Equal load was applied to each Grapevine taken into the experiment, soil processing, fertilization, agricultural operations such as agricultural warfare was performed in accordance with the technique. In the study, 6 rod 5, 10, 15 eyes and 4 rod 12 eyes were left in the vines. Data obtained (Grapevine yield (kg), grain volume (ml), 100 grain weight (g), water soluble dry matter amount (%), titration acidity (g / l), must pH, maturity index) TARİST package variance analysis was performed by using the variance analysis technique and Factorial Order Variance Analysis Technique in Random Plots..
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Consolidation is a management and agricultural measure playing an important role in rural area development. One of the phases of this measure involves appraisal of land being contributed by the parties, before and after the consolidation. Land appraisal in the consolidation procedure is carried out according to different principles than when determining the market value of agricultural land. The main objective of the article is to present the factors having an effect on land value determined in the land consolidation procedure and on the market value of agricultural land. An attempt was made to compare the factors taken into account in both cases: the consolidation and the determination of market value and some differences and similarities were presented. Based on the presented analysis it was found that the values in the consolidation procedure are based on object features such as soil quality classification, location, neighborhood, etc. There is a lack of a factor which would adjust the estimated values to the market prices.
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Polish village required many changes in connection wifithe accession of Poland to European Union in 2004. The financial help for the agriculture in our country, financed by countries from the Union, is being realized since the beginning of 50’s XX. The support for the agricultural sector during the pre-accessible period was mainly based on Sapard and Phare programmes. They created the necessary bases for making use of the means from structural funds. In 2004–2006 it was planned to finish the financing of pre-accessible instruments as well as the realization of accession help for agriculture. The activities connected wifiit were mainly possible due to Sapard and Phare programmes, direct payment, Plan of Development of Urban Areas, Sector Operational Programme, „The Restructurisation and Modernization of Food Sector and Development of Urban Areas”. The main direction of these activities was the support for changes and adjustments in agricultural and food sector and the balanced development of urban areas. The accession of Poland to European Union creates the possibility of hastening changes of Polish village that should lead to the improvement of life conditions and the quality of economic activities on urban areas. The aim of this paper is to introduce European Union chosen help programmes in the aspect of activities leading to cultural, social and economic development of Polish village. This article analyses European Union chosen help programmes such as Sapard, Phare, Plan of Development of Urban Areas in 2004–2006 and Sector Operational Programme „The Restructurisation and Modernization of Food Sector and Development of Urban Areas” in 2004–2006.
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The definiction, functions and kinds of plantings are presented in this article. The possibilities of gaining the Agri-environment Programs UE support to field plantings are shown here. Particularly two possible kinds of these programs are analyzed: the field planting renovation and the creation of the new field plantings.
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The Przemyśl region is famous of its rich history and folk culture that have been preserving by the following generations, who have been settled down in that area. Despite the pass of time, numerous examples of wooden rural and sacral architecture survived to our times. These are wayside shrines, Orthodox churches, churches, old buildings and associated with them traditional rural gardens. These gardens are fruit of this land and its past. The striking feature of them is a variety of plants that exists in such a small area and has been traditionally connected with the rural landscape of the Przemyśl region for centuries. The examples of such species are the following: Staphyle pinnata L., Vinca minor L., Sedum acre L. The local people preserve a specific folklore, ancient religious customs and rituals that are associated with the regional cultivation of these plants. These rural gardens, which are relics of the past epochs, deserve for protection as the aspects of regional cultural heritage.
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The leasing of arable lands is one of the forms of land allocation by the Agricultural Property Agency. This is also a method of increasing land acreage without the need to make any purchase. After Poland joined the structures of the European Union, the increase in the number of neighbour-to-neighbour agreements registered in the land and building registration system (concluded between natural persons, most frequently neighbours) was observed. Certainly, the reason is the possibility of obtaining area payments by the leaseholders. The land leased by the Agricultural Property Agency very often returns from lease. The reasons for this are various, from transferring this land to municipalities or to the State Forest Administration, through expiry of agreements due to the lapse of time, breaches of contractual terms by the leaseholders (failure to pay leasehold rent or subleasing the land to another person without the consent of the APA). The article is an attempt to analyse the status of leasing in the municipality of Biskupiec.
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The objective of the studies performed by a team of research workers employed at the University of Life Sciences in Poznañ was to recognise forest variability in combination with the administrative division of our country. The goal of presented paper is to characterise spatial and ownership structure in communes and districts of Wielkopolska Voivodeship. Information obtained from the Local Data Bank of the Main Statistical Office (GUS) for year 2010 was used to conduct appropriate analyses. They were used to determine the forest area per one inhabitant as well as the basic statistical data. Furthermore, the above-mentioned information was also utilised to elaborate maps illustrating spatial distribution of basic characteristics. It was found that Wielkopolska Region – the second largest Voivodeship in Poland – occupied the third position with respect to forest resources in Poland. However, the significance of Wielkopolska forests with respect to the entire country is not the same in individual districts and communes of the Voivodeships. The total forest areas as well as the forest areas per capita, both at the level of communes and districts, are the highest in northern and western parts of Wielkopolska Voivodeship and very small in its southern regions. The performed analyses of ownership relations in Wielkopolska forests confirmed earlier investigations carried out by Polna (2003) and revealed a considerable domination of public ownership. Similarly as in the case of the entire country, in comparison with public ownership, commune forests play a negligible role, with the exception of towns with special district town charter. In Wielkopolska Voivodeship, private forests are found to occur on a much smaller scale in comparison with other parts of the country. It is evident from the analysis of spatial distribution that districts of the greatest importance of forest areas can be found, primarily, in eastern and southern parts of Wielkopolska.
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Global sea levels are rising and this change is expected to accelerate in the coming century due to anthropogenic global warming. Any rise in sea level promotes land loss, increased flooding and salinisation. The impacts of and possible responses to sea-level rise vary at the local and regional scale due to variation in local and regional factors. The coastline of Vietnam is more than 3,260 km and stretches across from north to south. Here occur a series of interactive processes between the land and the sea, between the dynamic force of rivers and the sea, between the natural and human processes, etc. Recently, sea level rise due to climate change is serious global threat. Therefore, a study to assess the impact of sea level rise on agricultural land fills a critical need. In this paper, we focus on the application of GIS technology to analyze and predict the impact of sea level rise on agricultural land use of this coastal district. The results will help managers and policy makers to make the right decisions in agricultural land use and adaptation strategies for climate change.
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The sustainable land use management relates to the current and future areas of economics, society, culture and environment, limits land and water degradation and reduces production costs. The study aims to find out some limiting factors in the management of agricultural land use in Sontay Town. The impact of the factors on the management of agricultural land use was analyzed by using Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient in SPSS 17.0 with significant level 0.05 through the investigation of 160 households from 4 communes. The results of the research show that the local people realize that there has been a remarkable change in the land use management over the period and the main factors which influence the management of agricultural land use are land policies, policies supporting capital, techniques; characteristics of soil, scale of the area of farm land, and the roles of media and information.
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The US is the country of immigration, with almost 20 per cent of the world’s 260 million international migrants. The number two country with international migrants, Germany, has 12 million, a fourth as many as the almost 48 million foreign-born US residents (UN DESA, 2017). The US stands alone among industrial countries in having a quarter of its immigrants, almost 11 million, unauthorised (Passel and Cohn, 2018). President Trump made reducing illegal immigration a priority. Major migration issues today include the fate of programs such as DACA, what to do about Central American families who apply for asylum, and whether to build a wall on the Mexico-US border. In December 2018-January 2019, there was a partial shutdown of the federal government, the third in Trump’s first two years as President, because Congress failed to include $5 billion for the border wall in bills that fund DHS and other federal agencies. Meanwhile, Mexico agreed to issue humanitarian visas to Central Americans who enter the US and apply for asylum, so that Central American asylum seekers may wait in Mexico for US decisions on their cases
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The paper studies the interdependence of the phenomena of country’s competitiveness and inequality in income distribution in respect of the countries of the European continent, divided in two groups: a) the present (Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Moldova, and Serbia) and former members (Bulgaria, Croatia Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Romania, and the Czech Republic) of the Central European Free Trade Agreement – CEFTA, and b) EU15 countries. The study relates to the period from 2006 to 2013. The first group of countries represents less competitive countries, while the second includes highly competitive European economies. The achieved level of competitiveness is expressed by the values of the Global Competitiveness Index of the World Economic Forum, decomposed into Basic & Efficiency factors based competitiveness and Innovation & Sophistication factors based competitiveness. Inequality in income distribution is expressed by the Gini coefficient. Based on the created model of dependence of the Gini coefficient on the above-mentioned components of competitiveness, using simple and multiple linear regression analysis, it has been concluded that the achieved level of competitiveness of some countries has a statistically significant influence on the value of the Gini coefficient. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that, in the group of CEFTA countries, the influence coefficient of Basic & Efficiency factors based competitiveness is around -3.8, while for the EU15 group, it is about 2.4. Furthermore, research has confirmed a statistically significant influence of Innovation & Sophistication Factors based competitiveness on the decrease in the value of the Gini coefficient in both observed groups of countries; in CEFTA group, influence coefficient is about -8.4, and, in the EU15, the influence is somewhat weaker, and amounts to -5.8.
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There are some theoretically-methodological aspects of food security institute and functioning of the goods market of agro-industrial complex in article. It is shown that the concept "food security" is considered by modern domestic agroeconomists from different attitudes. At the same time characteristics of the institutional analysis didn't receive worthy reflection. In this regard, authors made a contribution to interpretation of the concept "food security" within the system of institutional knowledge. There are shown institutional bases of ensuring food security on the basis of the approved techniques of matrix vector modeling and cost flows synchronization. Authors made evaluation of food security institute development and the market of agroindustrial complex of such countries as Belarus, Brazil, Germany, India, China, Russia, Poland and the United States of America on the basis of official statistical data for 2005-2015. There are provided strengths (production and economic characteristics) of regions in the sphere of agroindustrial complex. There was made a group of regions on progressive and regressive, with allocation of the regions which are at a transitional stage of market development of agroindustrial complex – on the system of the standardized indicators. On the basis of estimative and analytical procedures are offered the directions of institutional designing of food security and functioning of the market of agroindustrial complex. There is formulated a number of recommendations of increasing the efficiency of Russia food security institute, including: 1) to use the system of vertical or horizontal integration of the entities of agro-industrial complex more active; 2) to modernize the entities of agroindustrial complex taking into account specialized, but not universal requirements of institutional designing; 3) to make active policy of rational import substitution in agroindustrial complex. The conclusion is drawn that institutional designing of "multispeed" cost flows is substantially determined by researches on development of the standard rates providing overcoming negative market events. Achievement of the set proportions will allow institutional units to receive preferences in the field of the taxation and providing with credit resources for the development. These directions are seems priority to authors and determine the agenda for the subsequent researches.
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The issue of the perspective of survival and production of sufficient amounts and quality of health-safe food in the future is on the top of the contemporary society’s priority list. Limitation of non-renewable and renewable resources (as well as dramatic increase of population in the world and climate changes) additionally makes reaching this goal difficult. The Republic of Serbia (and especially the Province of Vojvodina) is in this sense very significant as a region suitable for this kind of production, not only for domestic needs, but also for placement of these products on the world market. This paper systematically presents different types of marks (geographical indication of origin, standards, certificates, etc.) that might be used for labelling products that have special characteristics. Such product label might influence their better positioning and their sale (the overall valorisation), since products marked by them acquire higher prices.
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The paper discusses the adoption and spread of maize cultivation in the territory of present-day Serbia. A hundred years had passed from the first mention of maize growing to the moment when maize became the second most important cereal grain, and in some parts of the country the most important. The adoption of maize production was profound and lasting. It changed the basic nutrition of the majority of the population. By the end of the 19th century, maize fields represented 31 percent of cultivated land in Serbia. Increased production of maize resulted in surpluses and export.
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The aim of the article is to examine the differences in the level of agricultural income and its support. This study indicates that large differences in agricultural income between countries calculated according to the EAA methodology still persist but are gradually decreasing. Differences between EU-15 and EU-13 and between all countries in the amount of income without and with subsidies in the sector and per holding and hectare, as well asper one full-time agricultural worker are shown. Subsidies, which in several countries aret he main or even the only source of income in the agricultural sector, have influence onthat. In these countries, without the direct support received, the agricultural income would be negative. The Economic Accounts for Agriculture were used for the study. Research isbased on comparative type of analyses.
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In diversifying the economies of most oil producing countries especially in regions with arable lands, Agriculture becomes the next choice aside mineral deposits. This has led to a search for an alternative to inorganic fertilizers, the alternatives are the biofertilizers. The paper discussed the classification of the anaerobic co-digestion process based on the application of inoculants to the biodigester feedstock to speed up the digestion process and the absence of inoculants. Biodigester feedstock also looked at the various mechanisms in the digestion process which includes hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis, the pathways were illustrated with chemical equations and various microorganisms that take part in the anaerobic process were mentioned and tabulated. The types of biofertilizers, merits, and demerits, the difference between biofertilizers and organic fertilizers were comprehensively discussed. Current trends on the application of the co-digestion technique to improve the yield, nutrient, and safety of biofertilizers and also the recent progression on the technique were mentioned.
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This study investigated information needs and challenges of agricultural researchers and extension workers in Edo State, Nigeria. Proportionate sampling technique was used to select 106 respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The majority (71.6 %) of respondents indicated their need for information with respect to climate change and adaptation measures (71.6 %). Extension workers communicated more with agricultural researchers monthly (77.5 %). Lack of office-wide internet connectivity (2.06±1.08), unstable power supply (2.05±1.07), and non-subscription to relevant online resources by employer (2.05±1.07) inhibited respondents from meeting their information needs. The study recommends that to enhance knowledge sharing among researchers and extension workers, there is need for research institutes and state government to develop electronic repositories for their research outputs as this will further help other agricultural stakeholders to access local contents immediately.
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The article studies the conceptual foundations of the formation of a staffing system as one of the factors for the effective development of Ukrainian farming households. It has been proved that this problem has two aspects: staffing for the agricultural sector as a whole and the effective functioning of peasant farms as a socio-economic unit. The scientific basis for the study of the modern peculiarities of farming economy was the theory of a non-hired, family-labor economy, formulated by A. V. Chayanov. This theory justifies a clear relationship between the nature of economic activity and the specifics of social processes in farming. The scientific principles of the factor-rotation concept of economic development were laid in the basis of the development of directions for the formation of a personnel support system for representatives of the agricultural sector of Ukrainian economy. This concept considers economic growth as the result of the interaction of three basic factors: “Man”, “Nature” and “Capital”. In the process of research, the interrelation between the level of education of the heads of farms and the degree of effectiveness of their functioning have been proved. The main problems of the process of training specialists for the small agricultural enterprise system are analyzed. The directions for creating a mechanism for training personnel for farming sector have been determined. The basic professional competencies for specialists working in the field of small agricultural production have been substantiated, in particular, the following competence areas have been singled out: technical-technological, economic-analytical and system management.
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The destructive effects of climate change for the Republic of Moldova can resultin a serious further decline in agricultural productivity and loss of soil fertility. Traditionalagricultural methods cannot meet the current needs of the population under the conditions of theclimate change impacts. Conservative soil techniques preserve a maximum amount of organicresidues at its surface and create the optimal environment for the growth and development ofagricultural crops. Conservative agriculture stops soil degradation, increases fertility and providesan efficient use of natural resources, increases productivity and helps ensure food security.
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