Miasta-światy

Author(s): Monika Rawska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Monika Rawska’s chapter focuses on two modern movies "Equilibrium" (dir. Kurt Wimmer, USA 2002) and "Inception" (dir. Christopher Nolan, USA—Great Britain 2010) with an analysis of the city spaces depicted in these films. Progress is the basis of the analysis. Progress is the impulse pervasive in utopias and it is an important motivator for human actions presently perceived as negative—imperialism, colonialism, racism. Margaret Mead’s notion that Utopia should be seen as a historical category while revealing an essential ambivalence is well summarized in her work, “One man’s dream is another man’s nightmare”. This is also represented in select films depicting a new society with a visual representation of order. For example, in Libria and architect’s city both of which were created with a positive and beneficial premise, though over time they became a burden for the characters. Change in perception of reality is one of the significant elements in dystopian narratives, that are also present in film adaptations, in what Ludmiła Gruszewska-Blaim calls a „utopiacrime”. Libria is depicted as the only city in the world in the film, "Equilibrium". Libria is a dystopian cityfortress contrasted with the surrounding Nether and an appropriated enclave space of Offenders. It functions as a simulacrum of the past at a time before the war. The film vision of the future is an intertextual collage of conventional representations of the totalitarian organization of both space and society. Dream city is the creation of an architect couple in the film, "Inception". It is a very different space, imagined and fictional and it perfectly captures the impossibility of utopia as revealed by its very name that means non-space. Reality, which the couple created for themselves, demonstrates an interesting tension between the architectural utopia and the solitary eutopia as well as a conflict of planner vs. wanderer (as described by Michel de Certeau). In both movies the city space becomes a threat in spite of its projected function as a safe and/or familiar space. In "Equilibrium", it imposes on and disciplines its inhabitants as tools of the state. In Inception, the city is the accumulation of the protagonists’ entire world and it turns unto its own ruin, a memory maze swallowed by the sea.

Co narracja postapokaliptyczna może powiedzieć o społeczeństwie?

Author(s): Wojciech Lewandowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Periods of brinkmanship and crisis encourage the rise of apocalyptical thinking in modern society.The second half of the twentieth century witnessed the rapid development of post-apocalyptic fiction, whose authors examined the human condition in the face of extinction. The development of nuclear weapons and the subsequent dropping of the atom bomb on Hiroshima became of the inspiration of numerous comic book writers to exploit nuclear war anxieties of societies still reeling from the carnage of World War II. Furthermore, comic books became a forum for the presentation of social, political and philosophical discourses. The aim of Wojciech Lewandowski’s chapter is to present, accordingly, an exposition on comics, as media, are capable visionaries of complex philosophical discourses. Another vector is the graphic novel that presents a forum to communicate political ideas without being perceived as a propaganda tool. The presentation of political ideas occurs explicitly in the textual sphere. Furthermore, they can be presented in more sublte ways by the use of symbols that are presented in the visual layer. It is therefore, the capabilities of political discourse that have led me to research the graphic novel, "V for Vendetta". In "V for Vendetta", author’s Alan Moore and David Lloyd, write of a dystopian post-apocalyptic Great Britain. Through the fictional dystopian narrative of the plot one can discern its great potential as a forum of social and political discussion on the contemporary problems of the real-world.

Antititovske/antijugoslovenske karikature u Bugarskoj (1948-1953): Slučaj Stršljen

Author(s): Dmitar Grigorov / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The article deals with a relatively marginal topic which is part of a much larger framework that shapes the Tito-Stalin conflict after the Cominform resolution against Yugoslavia - namely the cartoon propaganda which took place in Bulgaria. The accent is put on the cartoons dedicated to the Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito in particular and Yugoslavia in general. This problem is discussed on the background of the dynamical and controversial Bulgarian-Yugoslav and Bulgarian-Serbian relations. The author tries to examine whether Bulgarian cartoons after 1948 used the older Bulgarian stereotypes regarding Serbs and Yugoslavs and whether there were new messages which under the influence of communist ideology departed from traditional images attached to the Bulgaria’s western neighbors.

Список научных публикаций С. С. Рябцевой

Author(s): / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

List of works by Svetlana Ryabtseva

О некоторых изобразительных источниках по средневековому костюму сербской знати

Author(s): Anna E. Zhabreva / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article analyzes several pictorial sources — monuments of medieval Serbia fresco painting, allowing to get some idea of the rulers and nobility costume of the 11th—14th centuries. These are mainly reproductions of clerical compositions from the churches and monasteries paintings, identified in historical and art literature, which are analyzed in detail. The author comes to the conclusion that rich costumes and jewelry, changed several times over a certain period, are reliably captured in explicit monuments. Having taken over a century Slavic, Byzantine, Eastern and European influences, the costumes of the Serbian aristocracy were distinguished by originality and deliberate representativeness.

Pin jewelry pieces from an early 17th century hoard found near Vlădiceasca village, Călăraşi county

Author(s): Cristiana Tătaru,Tudor Alexandru Martin / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper examines five jewelry pieces provided with shafts from the Vlădiceasca hoard, Călăraşi County, Romania. Due to the rarity of iconographical and written sources, as well as the scarcity of this type of jewelry in archeological discoveries, the interpretation of the function of these items is quite difficult to make. In the first part of the article a short description of the hair pins preserved in the Vlădiceasca hoard and the presentation of the most important similar items found in archaeological context in Wallachia and Moldavia are made, in order to gather some function and style characteristics for these pieces. The second part of the paper is dedicated to the catalogue of the five pieces, which are classified according to their stylistic features, while also being compared with similar findings coming especially from the hoards discovered in the Moldavian space. Special attention is paid to the form in which they are published, some of the large pin jewelries being interpreted as brooches or as veil pins.

Ювелирные изделия эпохи Волжской Болгарии из фондов Самарского областного историко-краеведческого музея им. П. В. Алабина

Author(s): Anna F. Kochkina,Dmitriy A. Stashenkov / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

In the funds of the Samara Museum for History and Regional Studies named after P. V. Alabin there is a small collection of jewelry made of precious metals by the Volga Bulgarians of the 12th — early 13th century. The article describes items from this collection that originate from the sites of Volga Bulgaria in the Samara region. The range of jewelry products in Volga Bulgaria includes a variety of personal jewelry. A special place is occupied by items from the Zhiguli hoard, discovered on the Samara Luka and representing an outstanding example of Bulgarian jewelry art of the pre-Mongol period. These artifacts are evidence not only of the high level of development of the Volga Bulgarians’ metalworking craft, but also indicators of the level of artistic representations of society as a whole within the cultural traditions of the Muslim East.

Double-Sided Encolpion with the Virgin and Child and Three Saints in the Collection of the Princes Czartoryski in Krakow

Author(s): Mirosław Piotr Kruk / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

One of the most precious Byzantine objects in the collection of the Princes Czartoryski Museum in Krakow is the double-sided pendant in the form of a carved wooden medallion (9.8 × 7.2 × 1.5 cm) with a refined openwork filigree silver-gilt mount studded with pearls and garnets (inv. no. MNK XIII-475). There is a depiction of the Virgin and Child on the front and of three saints with a temple model on the back. Its features suggest that it was made in the second half of the 18th century, probably in one of the monastic centers on Mount Athos, perhaps at Simonopetra or — even more plausibly — at Hilandar; and all the more so if the figures depicted in the medallion actually are St. Sava, the first Serbian Archbishop, and St. Simeon, his father and the first Serbian king.

Фрагменты серебряных окладов богослужебных предметов из раскопок Большого Шепетовского городища

Author(s): Anna A. Peskova,Aleksandra Yu. Kononovich / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Fragments of plates of silver frames of liturgical objects with minted floral ornaments were found in the collection of archaeological materials stored in the State Hermitage Museum and among those originating from the excavations of the Large fortified settlement near Shepetоvka (second half of the 12th — first half of the 13th centuries). They differed stylistically and used to decorate once different objects. It was possible to reconstruct a large procession cross with a lush floral ornament and distinguish two crowns from the decoration of an icon, executed less luxuriantly, possibly by another master. The design and stylistic features of the cross find parallels among the Byzantine procession crosses of the 11th—12th centuries, covered with silver frames. At the same time, the reconstructed cross has significant differences, which allows it to be attributed to the first similar works of the ancient Russian masters of the 12th century (?) who followed Byzantine tradition.

Драгоценные украшения на древнерусских иконах по «свидетельству» резных и литых образков XIII века

Author(s): Irina A. Sterligova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The iconography of a number of small Old Russian icons from the first third of the thirteenth century, made of stone, clay or copper alloy, confirms the tradition, known from written sources, of votive ornaments in the form of gold and silver collars, both wound and sickle-shaped, on particularly venerated icons. The paper examines the sources of this tradition and the influence upon it of international contacts: similar ornaments on sacred images may be traced in Western Europe and among the Cumans. The miniature icons that have been discovered, which reproduce the form of the most venerated icons, supplement our idea of the religious art of Old Rus’, the canon of which was received from Byzantium, but was realised in an original manner, reflecting local realities and artistic tastes.

Золотые колты с изображениями святых: манера исполнения и неизвестные особенности стиля

Author(s): Ljudmila V. Pekarska / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Jewelry bearing images of saints, publicized in academic circles but without any greater study, are presented here in detail for the first time. Additional information has been introduced where such detail has been lacking on those found in foreign collections. The images, their forms and design compositions, characterizing the work of the Kiev’s princely workshops of the 11th—12th centuries, are analyzed. Attention is focused on separate stylistic features of manufacturing, previously unresearched.The study allowed us to conclude: that there were cases of stencils being re-used; that manufacturing to order of a pair of kolty by two masters took place — the main specialist, who was highly proficient in his drawing and cloisonné technique and his assistant, who was still gaining skills in producing such jewelry. This would explain the reason for stylistic differences in the details of face designs, garment decor and enamel tones.A new interpretation of Vladimir’s kolts of the 12th century is proposed, revising the prevailing school of thought in literature about their provincialism and imperfection.

O wierze pewnego racjonalisty. Bachelard i jego „ateizm”

Author(s): Anton Vydra / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Premena energie — rituálne správanie a umelecká tvorba

Author(s): Júlia Zorkovská / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Označenie rituál patrí k výnimočne často zneužívaným slovám dodávajúc tak jeho objektu a subjektu magický význam. Jeho zneužiteľnosť však pochádza z jeho vlastností – stretáva sa s ním naozaj každý, jeho definícia je skutočne široká, pretože rozdiely medzi použitím v prenesenom a pôvodnom význame sa často zmazávajú. Slová Roberta Fulghuma popisujú zvyky (rituály), ktoré nám dávajú istotu a slobodu. No tak, ako v takmer každej oblasti, pokiaľ nám rituál prerastie cez hlavu, môže nám slobodu práve brať – cez úporné hľadanie istoty, ktorej nedostatok pochádza z hlbokých príčin, cez činnosti, ktoré nám môžu v konečnom dôsledku škodiť.

Použité analytické metody

Author(s): Miroslava Gregerová,Martin Hložek / Language(s): English,Czech Publication Year: 0

Within the results presented in this monograph, the basic method used to analyse the ceramic pastes of stove and floor tiles and small ceramic sculptures was micropetragraphic analysis. This method provides the most important information on the shard – representation of fragments and rocks, firing temperature, surface treatment etc. The second most frequent method is electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive analyser. This method was used with glazed ceramic artefacts to determine the chemical composition of glazes. The other methods mentioned below were applied when a specific technological phenomenon occurred.

Dokumentace

Author(s): Vojtěch Nosek / Language(s): English,Czech Publication Year: 0

One of the most representative commodities of the medieval and modern ceramic production are relief-decorated stove tiles, in which we can follow up the content and symbolism of decoration motifs as an evidence of material and spiritual culture at the time of their origin. From a technological point of view, it is possible to define the development of production procedures, both in the construction of tiles themselves, and in the construction of entire heating devices. However, problems arise when we try to find out how technological novelties and relief motifs have spread among stove builders. Apart from natural scientific analyses, which have long been used to solve this question (e. g. Loskotová–Hložek 2017), we also searched for the possibilities of analysing the relief decoration on tiles from a technological and not from an art historical perspective. For this purpose, we had to document the reliefs in order to obtain exact data, which were not yet provided by the standard methods of archaeological research.

Lovecké scény

Author(s): Martin Hložek,Markéta Tymonová / Language(s): English,Czech Publication Year: 0

Hunting themes began to be depicted on relief-decorated stoves since the second half of the 15th century, when the tile iconography was enriched with motifs portraying prestigious social activities and individual themes were drawn from the everyday life of privileged social classes. Hunting was an integral part of noble style and a popular entertainment. Together with tournaments and accolades, it created the aristocratic culture. The popularity of hunting is evidenced by genre scenes from the hunting milieu, depicted in the form of woodcuts, illuminations and graphics, or in the form of painted, carved or sculpted decoration in the representative interiors of manorial and ecclesiastical residences and burgher houses. Attractive themes were associated not only with castles and mansions, as we would expect with regard to their tight connection with hunting grounds, but we know them also from towns and monasteries. This fact indicates that hunting was enjoyed not only by the uppermost social classes, namely the ruler and aristocracy, but also by wealthy patricians and clergymen. The spread of the motif among various social milieus, initiated by the effort to imitate the lifestyle of upper classes, increased the demand for this category of luxury goods. And production centres responded to this demand by their updated supply. The tiles with hunting decoration have been part of the manufacturing programme of ceramic workshops for about fifty years. Together with other scenes, they contributed to the adoption of cultural habits of high society.

Reliéfní dlaždice

Author(s): Martin Hložek,Petr Holub / Language(s): English,Czech Publication Year: 0

Seen from the perspective of analytical methods, the relief-decorated floor tiles exhibit both common and different technological traits when compared to the stove tile production. This finding can be best demonstrated on the sets of floor tiles from Brno. A surprising characteristic of medieval floor tiles is a very low proportion of temper in the clay body, which makes it completely different from the raw materials used in the stove-making workshop whose waste was found in the Veselá Street. In terms of technology, floor tiles resemble more the bricks. We can thus suppose that this commodity has been produced by brick makers. The location of brickworks in the territory of Brno is well known from written sources and archaeological excavations (Holub–Anton 2020). The results of analyses help us localise the two main places of clay extraction. The majority of floor tiles are probably made from raw materials acquired from terraces above the rivers Svitava or Ponávka (1st and 2nd material groups). These materials are characterised by a low temper content. Clay has been extracted in places adjacent to the southern edge of the town walls and in suburban areas north and northeast of the medieval town core – the different character of these locations might have caused small differences between groups 1 and 2. It can be generally said that fluvial sediments based on transported loess were historically considered a raw material suitable for the production of building ceramics. This statement was proved e. g. in a medieval brickworks uncovered by archaeological excavations in Brno-Královo Pole (Holub–Merta–Zůbek 2006, 45). These sediments cannot be macroscopically distinguished from primary loess deposits, so they can be generally confused with each other.

Doklady hrnčířské výroby v Brně

Author(s): Hana Jordánková,Antonín Zůbek,Lenka Sedláčková / Language(s): English,Czech Publication Year: 0

Archaeological contexts and finds which evidence the pottery-making and stove-making production are always welcome because they provide a great deal of new information on local production. Even though Brno counts among towns which have been archaeologically investigated over a long period of time, only two sites were detected, so far, that can be associated with the activity of potters and stove builders. In the 1960s, Vladimír Nekuda uncovered a workshop in the area of what is now the capuchin monastery in the south-western part of the town. The workshop was operated here in the last quarter of the 15th and at the beginning of the 16th century. The 2015–2016 excavations in the north-western part of the historical town core of Brno between the Veselá and Besední Streets have yielded relics of two pottery kilns and plenty of production waste, which can be associated with a workshop that was probably operated here in the last third of the 15th century.

Umění a vzdělávání v mateřských školách, příklady dobré praxe

Author(s): Hana Stadlerová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Pokud má dítě předškolního věku příležitost k návštěvě galerie, muzea či jiné umělecké instituce, je obohacováno nejen tím, že se může s uměním setkávat, komentovat je či na ně reagovat vlastní tvorbou. Může také vnímat kulturní prostředí i kulturu chování a jednání druhých. Pokud je provázeno svými nejbližšími, může s nimi prožívat nevšední situace, má komu zprostředkovat zážitky, které mu umění a tvorba přinášejí. A prostřednictvím umění se může i vzdělávat. I proto se mnohé kulturní instituce zaměřují na děti předškolního věku a připravují pro ně edukační programy. Snaží se je přivést k umění, nabízejí i programy pro rodiče s dětmi, neopomíjejí ani vytváření vzdělávacích příležitostí ve formě výtvarných dílen pro mateřské školy. V galeriích je budováno zázemí pro tvorbu, aktivně jsou využívány aktuální výstavy, někde se tvoří přímo v expozici.

Závěr

Author(s): Hana Stadlerová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Předškolní vzdělávání vždy nabízelo možnost vychovávat prostřednictvím tvorby a umění. Přínos výtvarné výchovy pro rozvoj dítěte vyzdvihovali mnozí pedagogičtí odborníci a teoretikové výtvarné výchovy. Význam výtvarné výchovy ve vzdělávání potvrzují četné publikace světově uznávaných odborníků, které poskytují i teoretická východiska pro výchovnou práci s dětmi předškolního věku. Také platný Rámcový vzdělávací program pro předškolní vzdělávání počítá s nabídkou výtvarných činností jako prostředkem realizace vzdělávacích záměrů definovaných vzdělávacími oblastmi.