Законитости картографског генералисања густине речне мреже и величина степена генерализације на картама разних размера

Author(s): Ljiljana Dimitrijević,Aleksandar Radivojević,Ivan Filipović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2011

Cartographic generalization of the rivers is a very complex process in cartography. Cartographic generalization involves reduction of water flows, their length, width and the density of river basin with the reducing of the map scale. In this study we analyzed the ratio of the density of river basin and the size of the degree of generalization of the maps of different scale. The example is the Velika Morava river basin. Based on the results given here we get to the basic regularities of proportion of the degree of generalization of the density of river basin.

Угроженост акумулације ''Завој'' ерозивним процесима - Методолошки, сазнајни и заштитни аспект -

Author(s): Predrag Manojlović,Stanimir Kostadinov,Sanja Mustafić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2008

In this paper land erosion has been investigated from its temporal and spatial variability point of view. The aim of the application of contemporary soft wares and satellite observations was to create an adequate data base which allows faster and more adequate possibility for monitoring the intensity of erosive processes, as well as meaningful decision for application of different ways of anti erosive techniques of the most dangerous areas. Geomorphologic mapping of erosive processes using plane and satellite images has allowed rational planning of field observations and, at the other side very detailed establishing of the intensity of previous erosion. A new approach applied in this paper during data processing of all relevant parameters influencing erosion is based on using of software Geomedia 5.2 (Intergraph).

Odpływ podziemny w małych zlewniach górskich Sudetów

Author(s): Sebastian Buczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 151/2017

The aim of the paper was to identify groundwater runoff in small mountain catchments draining crystalline rocks and compact sedimentary rocks. The research consisted of field measurements taken in the hydrogeological year 2013 in four test catchments (Machowski Stream, Inflow at the foot of Mount Grodziec, Podgórna, Mostowy Stream) with areas up to 4.5 km2 .The measurements were the basis for the calculation of total, underground and spring runoff, the ratio of spring runoff in groundwater runoff, groundwater recharge coefficient and spring recharge coefficient. The results indicate that crystalline rocks have a lower storage capacity but a higherconductivity than compact sedimentary rocks. The subsurface runoff coefficient was from 11 to 20% of precipitation and 57% of groundwater runoff is directed towards river beds (linear drainage). At the same time, small mountain catchments are the recharge area. The calculated values show that ca. 20% of groundwater is present in deeper circulation (in the regional circulation process) and recharge the lower located river systems. Groundwater renewable resources for the whole area (14.9 km2 ) were 5974 m3 •d–1.

Variability of precipitation and runoff in the entire high Tatra Mountains in the period 1961–2010

Author(s): Svetlana Bičárová,Ladislav Holko,Joanna Pociask-Karteczka,Marek Górnik / Language(s): English Issue: 151/2017

The High Tatra Mountains are the highest mountain chain of alpine landforms in Central Europe to the east of the Alps. The northern (windward) part of the mountains is mostly located in Poland while the southern (leeward) part is in Slovakia. The article presents the first analysis of daily precipitation (10 stations) and discharge (7 catchments) data covering the entire territory of the mountains. Data from the period 1961–2010 were used in the analysis. The precipitation data confirmed significant differences between the windward and the leeward sides. We found an increase in the number of days with precipitation amounts 40 to 60 mm in the season from May to October in the decade 2001–2010 compared to previous decades. More frequent long wet periods in the decades 1991–2000 and 2001–2010 were found as well. Runoff from the catchments located on the windward side of the mountains is higher than on the leeward side. It reflects higher precipitation on the windward side, but also a higher mean elevation of the catchments. The statistical analysis revealed inhomogeneities in 5 of 7 runoff data series. An increase in the number of events classified as small and large floods found in several catchments on both sides of the mountains in the decade 2001–2010 can be attributed to the increase of the number of days with daily precipitation 40–60 mm and a higher frequency of the long-term wet periods.

Uwarunkowania cyrkulacyjne temperatury powietrza w Warszawie w miesiącach o skrajnych wartościach wskaźnika NAO (1951–2015)

Author(s): Robert Twardosz,Urszula Kossowska-Cezak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 153/2018

In winter, western air masses arriving in Europe, including Poland, change the weather for relatively warmer, while an eastern advection tends to bring freezing temperatures. While the NAO provides a quantitative measure of this western advection, its relationship with air temperature is not always clear-cut. For this reason, this study characterises the circulation and thermal conditions over Poland depending on the sign and the value of the NAO index (NAO+, NAO–). The study is based on NAO values and winter (December – March) monthly temperature records in Warsaw spanning 65 years (1951–2015), as well as on the calendar of circulation types proposed by Lityński. A detailed analysis was performed looking at the top 10 months with the highest NAO+ and NAO–, as well as the top 10 months with the greatest positive and negative deviations from the long-term average air temperature (Dt). This selection was based on a premise that the months should largely coincide. The results, however, show certain deviations from previously established patterns in the influence of the NAO+/NAO– on air temperature in Poland.

Thermal anomalyes in the Întorsura Buzăului Depression generated by absolute extremes.

Author(s): LOREDANA SZEKER / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

This article analyzes the characteristics of climatic elements and risk phenomena in the Întorsura Buzăului Depression (707 m altitude), based on the data from the 1961-2010 period obtained from the instrumental and visual observations performed at the meteorological stations in the region, and not only.

Regimul scurgerii apei râurilor din bazinul hidrografic Suceava ~ Adriana Mihala Porcuţan

Author(s): Victor Sorocovschi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The specificities of the climate of Danilovgrad (Montenegro)

Author(s): Dragan Burić,Milan Milenković,Vladan Ducić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2019

Danilovgrad and the Bjelopavlića Plain belong to the submediterranean zone of the Mediterranean climate region. The aim of this paper was to determine some specific characteristics of the Danilovgrad climate, such as the degree of continentality, aridity and bioclimatic characteristics. Data used in the research cover the period 1955-2011. The results of the study showed the dominance of the continental effect on temperature, while oceanicity was less pronounced. In hygric terms, during most of the year the climate of Danilovgrad is characterized as low humid to perhumid. Moreover, in the period October-March it is very humid, which points to the domination of oceanic influences. During the three summer months, it is dry to very dry. Based on the average monthly values of the equivalent temperature - an indicator of physiological (subjective) feeling of heat, the winter months in Danilovgrad are not assessed as very cold. It is cold in January, and in February and December it is cool. It is fresh in March and November, comfortable in April and October, and warm in May and September. In Danilovgrad, in summer it is overheated and a little muggy. All considered indicators point to quite pronounced oscillations during the year, especially in terms of humidity. Comparing the obtained results with Podgorica, it can be concluded that the climate of Danilovgrad is more continental, a bit colder and wetter.

Climate Variability in Spring 2019 In South-West Romania.

Author(s): Octavia Bogdan,Ion Marinica,Andreea Floriana Marinică / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

In 2019, the solar activity reached a minimum, the El Nino phenomenon was absent, carbon dioxide concentrations exceeded 410 ppm (the highest level in the last 120,000 years), and climate warming continued. As a result, in southwestern Romania (and not only), the climatic evolutions were marked by a great variability. The warming of the weather started from 14.I.2019 and culminated with the warm March. On 18.III in Romania, the European climatic record of the hottest day of March 18 in the last 120 years was recorded. The precipitations were deficient for extended periods of time, March being excessively dry, and April even on average rainfall, but in areas extended especially in the Oltenia Plain and in the hills area, the drought persisted. The strong instability of the weather that started on 20.IV.2019 and culminated with torrential rains that caused flooding in some areas, abundant hail and tornadoes between 30.V-6.VI, which brought a completion of water supply. The recording of the first moderate heat wave in the period 10-16.VI has restored the drought problem. The paper analyzes the climate variability of spring 2019 and its synoptic causes.

Drought Risk Assessment by Means of Drought Hazard and Vulnerability Indices in Muntenia Region

Author(s): Andreea-Iuliana Bunea / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

This paper aims at portraying the climatic risk linked with the emergence of droughts in the historical province of Muntenia, Romania. The negative implications of droughts in the territory are a product of the interrelationship between the hazard characteristics and the conditions that convert the society vulnerable. In the following pages, we will attempt to determine the materialization in the territory of the concept of hazard, having as a starting point the precipitation data from 30 meteorological stations situated across Muntenia. On the other hand, the vulnerability was assessed with the help of three indicators that depict the degree to which the population and the territory are susceptible to dry phases in accordance with their characteristics, such as population density, on one hand, the land usage and the distance between a certain point and the nearest river, on the other. Finally, by multiplying the values resulted from the calculation of the hazard and vulnerability indices, the purpose is to create a map of the risk connected to droughts in Muntenia. In this way, the areas more prone and exposed to the adverse outcomes of droughts were highlighted, this representing the first step of future policies aiming at mitigating the negative effects the droughts have on the society and the environment.

The dry autumn of 2018 in southern Romania in the context of climate change

Author(s): Andreea Floriana Marinică,Ion Marinica / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The year 2018 in Romania has been the third warmest year since 1901, and globally the fourth warmest year on the planet since the beginning of the measurement. It was marked by early coming of spring with hot spring, hot summer (slightly warmer than normal after Hellmann's citation). The excessively dry and hot autumn followed in the first 77 days. The sharp cooling of the weather on the night of 18/19.XI.2018 has determined the end of the drought but also of the activity of setting up the autumn agricultural crops due to the abundant precipitations and the appearance of the snow layer. The paper analyses the aspects of climate variability from autumn 2018 in the southwest of Romania and analyses the synoptic conditions that determined the end of the hot weather and the early installation of the specific winter thermal regime. The paper is part of an extensive series of studies on climate variability and climate risk phenomena in the southwest of the country (Oltenia) and is useful to all those interested in climate change and the aspects of their manifestations at regional level in southwest Romania.

Regime of precipitations in the Întorsura Buzăului Depression and the environmental impacts

Author(s): LOREDANA SZEKER / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The paper analyzes the annual average precipitation quantities, their non-periodic variability, which highlights the situations in which the highest annual precipitation quantities were recorded. This is the case of 2005 and 2007, in which the fallen rains generated intense processes of slope erosion, massive landslides, intense floods, tree falls and large floodings on the localities.

Impact of climate change on the water quality of the Danube River lower sector.

Author(s): ȚUCHIU ELENA / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The paper highlights the effects of climate change on water quality of the Danube River lower sector. The impact of climate change on the water quality of the lower Danube sector was assessed by analysing the multiannual variation of the oxygen and nutrient parameters concentrations and the correlation with the water temperature for the period 1996-2014. From the physico-chemical point of view, the parameters studied are: water temperature, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), nitrates, ammonium, nitrites and orthophosphates. This multiannual variation was also analysed at the level of the 12 months (January-December), corresponding to the studied period. Based on the monthly multiannual trends highlighted for water temperature, their effect on the parameters of the oxygen and nutrients regime has been studied and has been interpreted taking into account the processes of the oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, respectively the oxidation of biodegradable organic compounds, nitrification-denitrification processes and phytoplankton production. From the perspective of the hydrological regime, the variation of the oxygen and nutrient parameters with the extreme hydrological regime for the years 2003 and 2006 was evaluated.

The Effect of the Dangerous Hydrometeorological Phenomena in May 2019 in Salaj County

Author(s): OANA MOIGRĂDEAN / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

In the second half of May, on the background of a whole month with heavy rainfall, in Salaj county appeared a series of dangerous hydro meteorological phenomena such as torrential rains, falls of hail of big dimensions, strong winds here and there with a tornado aspect, as well as overflows of the rivers. These affected 50 localities of the county as well as a series of hydrotechnical improvements having both social and environmental effects but especially significant material damages.

The impact of building the "Motorway of the Sun" on the geographical environment from the Southern Bărăgan Plain

Author(s): Florin Achim / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Following the construction of this national objective, changes were made in the plain over: relief, waters, biogeography elements, settlements and anthropic activities. In order to establish the changes produced by the use of the motorway on the environment, measurements and data processing are done. Such studies allow us to make a scientifically grounded picture on the degree of pollution in the region.

PARKI W UNIEJOWIE I TURKU OSTOJAMI RODZIMEJ FLORY LEŚNEJ W ROLNICZYM KRAJOBRAZIE ŚRODKOWEJ POLSKI

Author(s): Leszek Kucharski,Błażej Chmielecki,Karolina Figurska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2019

This study deals with the vascular plants in the castle park in Uniejów and Żermina Składkowska park in Turek. The first of them was set up in the Warta river valley, the second – in the valley of a small stream called Folusz. During the vegetation seasons of 2018–2019, a descriptive list was made of the vascular plants at both sites. The identified species were divided into three groups: sociological-ecological, biotopic and geographical-historical. Based on the analysis of the historical-geographical spectrum of the flora, selected indicators of anthropogenic changes were defined. In total, 314 species of vascular plants were identified in the studied places. The flora of the castle park in Uniejów includes 217 species of vascular plants; in Żermina Składkowska park 202 such species were found. 217 of those species are indigenous, while 97 are non-native. Some of the species found in the parks are: Gagea pratensis, Thalictrum flavum, Galium schultesi andCorydalis intermedia. The flora of the park in Uniejów is more natural (25%) than that in the parkin Turek (10,9%). Consequently, the indicators of anthropogenic changes for the Turek park are higher. Parks around historic buildings (castles, palaces, manors) and large city parks constitute refugiums of the flora typical of natural habitats in the anthropogenic landscape.

Dmitri Kvasov, the Forgotten Eminent Encyclopaedist, and Palaeolimnology

Author(s): Anto Raukas / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

This article aims to present information about Dmitri Kvasov (1932–1989), one of the most outstanding geographers and palaeolimnologists of the former Soviet Union, who is not so well known in the Western countries and among younger colleagues. Kvasov’s political views were unacceptable to the Soviet authorities and it was impossible for him to travel abroad. He regarded the Baltic States as foreign countries and had very close scientific and personal contacts with the Baltic natural scientists. He investigated the history of many large lakes (Ladoga, Onega, Peipsi) and inland seas (Black, Azov, Caspian, White, Baltic), worked out the geographical zonation of the former Soviet Union for palaeogeographical purposes, and organized the publishing of the multi-volume collection of books on the history of lakes in the former Soviet Union.

PRVI ZABILJEŽENI SLUČAJ KOŠTANE DEFORMACIJE NA KRILU VELIKOG MIŠOUHOG ŠIŠMIŠA / MALOG MIŠOUHOG ŠIŠMIŠA (MYOTIS MYOTIS /MYOTIS BLYTHII OXYGNATUS) U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

Author(s): Monika Šafhauzer,Neira Babić,Jasminko Mulaomerović,Miralem Husanović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 51/2018

For the first time in Bosnia and Herzegovina, deformation on the wings bones of the Greater Mouse-eared bat / Lesser Mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis / Myotis blythii oxygnatus) found in the Srednja Bijambarska pećina cave near Olovo city was described. There was an abscess on the forearm, and on the third finger an open bone fracture and later self-healing.

GROBLJE NOĆNOG ŠIŠMIŠA (NYCTALUS NOCTULA) U OBREDNOJ PEĆINI

Author(s): Miralem Husanović,Jasminko Mulaomerović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 51/2018

During the three tours of the Obredna pećina cave near Kladanj several bones were collected from a minimum of 26 animals. All bones belong to the Common noctule (Nyctalus noctula). The bones were the contents of pellets of the Tawny owl (Strix aluco) that is still active in that cave. Judging by color, the bones are exposed to the air for a long period of time and the cave is now just an old graveyard of the Common noctule.

Pure torsion problem in tensor notation

Author(s): Sławomir Karaś / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The paper examines the application of the tensor calculus to the classic problem of the pure torsion of prismatic rods. The introduction contains a short description of the reference frames, base vectors, contravariant and covariant vector coordinates when applying the Einstein summation convention. Torsion formulas were derived according to Coulomb’s and Saint-Venant’s theories, while, as a link between the theories, so-called Navier’s error was discussed. Groups of the elasticity theory equations were used.