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Przekształcenie obszaru wysoczyzny lessowej pod wpływem gospodarczej działalności człowieka w neoholocenie (na wybranych przykładach z okolic Mozgawy, Ponidzie Pińczowskie)

Author(s): Piotr Szwarczewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2021

The Mozgawa area, located in the Ponidzie Pińczowskie Region (SE part of the Nida River Basin), is a very good example of response of the natural environment to the progressive human impact. The research conducted there indicates that before the appearance of the first Neolithic farmers, the relief of the area was different to the modern one. Constant and intensive agricultural use of the loess plateau and the adjacent slopes (started in the Neolithic period some 5890±100 BP) led to the filling of the valley bottoms and local depressions with deluvial deposits, the thickness of which reaches up to 12 m. The deposition of these sediments and elevation of the surface level in the subordinate areas resulted in the creation of the Mozgawka River channel since the begining of the Roman Period. Formerly it was impossible (as it was within the depression) and the runoff was only through the karst system. Since that moment it has also started the accumulation of the alluvial fan, the progradation of which leads to the pushing of the Nida River channel towards the East.

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Mapping geology and structural features of Kazaure SE, NW Nigeria: Justifying groundwater potential model

Author(s): Ibrahim Aliyu Kankara,Musa Ado Idris / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This research is focused on the evaluation of lithological units of the Kazaure area, north western Nigeria. The geological mapping was carried out using topographical sheet on a scale of 1:50,000. The methodology adopted for the study involved Field studies and petrographic analysis, which included close observation of outcrops and their exposures, their mineralogy and structures as well as recording of their geographical locations and strike/dips of foliations. The analysis revealed that, the area is underlain by three (3) major rock units: muscovite schist, porphyritic granite and sandstone (Chad Formation) with quartzite occurring as a minor lithology. The trend of lineaments shows a predominating NE-SW direction in the rocks. The cations and anions analyzed revealed that they are within the range of acceptable standard, except the higher concentration of and which might have formed from acidic water of the area. The dominant water facies in the study area is -. These facies might have taken their sources from rock-water interaction of silicate minerals (Plagioclase feldspar). Wilcox plot of salinity hazard of the water samples indicated that, the water of the area is good for irrigation. It can be classified, the value of electrical conductivity of 0 – 250 excellent, 250 – 750 good, 750 – 2250 doubtful and > 2250 μS/cm unsuitable. It is strongly recommended that the stake holders and governments at all levels enforce further studies of adjacent sheets for sustainable groundwater exploration and exploitation for better human and other domestic use.

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Positive thermal anomalies from winter 2019-2020 in the Bâc river basin (Republic of Moldova)

Author(s): Anatolie Puțuntică,Ion Mironov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The purpose of our work is to highlight the warm character of winter 2019-2020, from the perspective of the spatial area of the Bâc river basin. The data regarding the temperature for the winter months (2019- 2020) were extracted from the official website of the State Hydrometeorological Service. In order to determine the thermal characteristics, the daily temperatures of December (2019), January and February (2020) were analyzed from the four basin weather stations. The average air temperature for the winter season 2019-2020 constituted in the basin +1.6 - +3.3°С, being 4.3 - 5.4°С higher than the multiannual average and is reported for the first time during the entire observation period. According to the data of the Chişinău weather station (125 years observation period), the average air temperature for the winter 2019-2020 was +3.1°С (5.2°С higher than the norm) and placed on the 1st place in the range of years with high average temperatures for the respective season. In December 2019, the maximum air temperature rose in the basin to +18°С (December 18, Codrii Meteorological Station, Strășeni district), which in this decade is reported on average every 30 years. Very hot weather was reported in January and February (2020). Analogous winter after the thermal regime was 2006-07.

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THUFUR MORPHOLOGY WITHIN THE PONOR DEPRESSION(STARA PLANINA, SERBIA

Author(s): Marko V. Milošević,Jelena Ćalić,Jelena Kovačević-Majkić,Milovan Milivojević / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Thufur (earth hummocks) are small periglacial landforms typical for subpolar latitudes, as well as for the high alpine areas at lower latitudes. Their presence in the mountains of the Balkan Peninsula was spotted during the mid-20th century. In this paper we analyze morphometry and morphology of thufur in the context of physio-geographical conditions for their formation. The main aims are to inventorize the thufur in the study area and to determine the physio-geographical factors which enabled their formation at non-zonal elevations. Statistical analysis was performed on the sample of 305 thufur mapped in the field, measuring their circumference, height, and delineating their areas. Classification of the results revealed morphological varieties in terms of horizontal and vertical development. The elevation of the sampling location Ponor is 1,410 m a.s.l., which is considerably lower than the zonal periglaciation in Serbia, at approx. 1,900 m. Therefore, the role of relief as a climate modifier is analyzed in the context of conditions for the azonal development of periglaciation process. Topographical conditions for thufur formation were analyzed through slope inclinations and vertical dissection, determined using the Digital Elevation Model over Europe with 25 m resolution.

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GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EVALUATION OF SHORT-TERM GEOMORPHIC CHANGE: AN EXAMPLE OF DAMDERE DEBRIS FLOOD AREA (BULGARIA)

Author(s): Nina Nikolova,Asparuh Kamburov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

A debris flood is a hazardous hydrogeomorphic process that can change the topographic surface in a short time due to a high streamflow and a large volume of sediment transport. Large areas of the Eastern Rhodopes Mountains (Bulgaria) are susceptible to erosion, debris flows, and debris floods due to loose earth masses, rare vegetation, and alternating dry and wet periods with extreme rainfall. The study area is located in the lower part of the river Damdere catchment and covers the area around the check dam. Studying the geomorphic changes of the debris flood areas can provide information about the behavior of the event, and contribute to the development of mitigation measures. In the current research, the data are obtained using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) during two campaigns (in October 2019 and August 2021). After processing the raw TLS data, two pairs of ground point clouds have been obtained—for the area immediately before the check dam and for the one after the dam. To evaluate the changes in the topographic surface, two approaches are applied: (1) measuring the distance between the successive point clouds (M3C2 algorithm) and (2) measuring the differences between the digital terrain models in geographic information system environment (DoD method). Both approaches have shown similar results and indicated active hydrogeomorphic processes. The relatively large volume of deposition after the check dam is an indicator for the decrease in the retaining capacity of the check dam, which is a prerequisite for the increase of a flood risk.

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PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF THE URBAN PLUVIAL FLOODS RISK—CASE STUDY OF POREČ (CROATIA)

Author(s): Silvija ŠILJEG,Rina Milošević,Lovre Panđa / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Pluvial floods are rain-related floods that occur when water drainage is not fast enough due to heavy rainfall. One of the key components in the management of the urban pluvial flood risk (UPFR) is risk perception (RP). The objective of this paper was to define factors of RP based on the selected variables and to examine their reliability. Emphasis is placed on the contextualization of five factors related to cognition: awareness of the risk of pluvial floods (F1) and situation: anthropogenic causes of pluvial floods (F2), natural causes of pluvial floods (F3), consequences of pluvial floods in the future (F4), and preparedness for pluvial floods (F5). Furthermore, historical pluvial floods data were acquired from multiple sources and used to determine the distance of respondents' homes from frequently flooded places. The results showed that the questionnaire was consistent, i.e., factors are highly reliable. Significant differences were observed in the F2 regarding the gender of the respondents, and in the F4 regarding their age. Preparedness for the danger (F5) is the lowest perceived factor. Results from this study can facilitate communication between experts, decision-makers, and citizens.

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HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND LOSS OF GRASSLAND IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Author(s): Branislav Drašković,Slađana Petronić,Marko Gutalj,Nataša Marić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Two databases related to grassland in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) have been used in this research—the Copernicus Grassland (GRA) and CORINE Land Cover (CLC). The data have been processed by using GIS tools, and the spatial distribution of grass vegetation in relation to three biogeographical and four elevation zones has been determined. By using the Copernicus Water and Wetness (WaW) database, an insight into the coverage of grass vegetation in wetlands has been obtained. In addition, the analysis of changes in databases determined the total amount and location of the largest grassland losses. Based on GRA database, B&H is one of the richest countries, with 22.4% of its territory covered by grassland. According to the CLC database, pastures occupy 6.3% and natural grasslands 5.6% of the territory of B&H. However, grassland is exposed to various anthropogenic and natural processes that affect its distribution, quality, functions, etc. The CLC database has been processed by extracting the grasslands (pastures and natural grasslands) and calculating their spatial coverage and changes which happened during the three six-year periods from 2000 to 2018. The trend of decreasing pasture areas and increasing natural grasslands has been noticed. The pastures are most endangered by the processes of conversion to other types of agricultural land, while natural grassland increased spatial coverage during the period 2012–2018 mostly due to the revitalization and grazing of burned areas in the region of Herzegovina. Grasslands have been particularly targeted for afforestation and cropland conversion at present.

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FOREST FIRES IN SERBIA—INFLUENCE OF HUMIDITY CONDITIONS

Author(s): Stanimir Živanović,Milena Gocić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This study focuses on the possible impact of forest fires on the destruction of forests in Serbia. The variability of forest fires in NUTS 3 regions in Serbia was investigated. By analyzing the data for the period from 2009 to 2018, it can be concluded that there were pronounced oscillations in the number of forest fires and the size of the burned forest areas. It was determined that during the observed period, the maximum number of fires was recorded in 2012, and the minimum in 2014. The largest burned forest areas were 7,460 ha in 2012 and 2,036 ha in 2011, which is correlated with high air temperatures and lack of precipitation. The damage caused in the forest fire, expressed in m3 for the felled wood mass is the highest in 2012 and the lowest in 2010. The greatest threat to forest fires were in Raška oblast (Užice) and Zlatiborska oblast (Kraljevo), and the lowest were in Severnobanatska oblast (Kikinda), Zapadnobačka oblast (Sombor), and Srednjobanatska oblast (Zrenjanin). The correlations of forest fire occurrence dynamics and humidity conditions were observed on the basis of statistical indicators of the number of forest fires and the values of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The number of forest fires, depending on the influence of humidity conditions is the highest in the dry season.

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ZEMİN KAT YÜKSEKLİĞİNİN YAPISAL DÜZENSİZLİKLER ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Author(s): Muhammet Zeki Özyurt,Giorgi Abuselidze / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 55/2022

Workplace, warehouse, etc. of the ground floors in the buildings. Increasing the ground floor heights in order to be used in a suitable way leads to structural irregularity of the building, which is one of the important causes of serious earthquake damage. Buildings with this irregularity, which are caused by design and structural use, have been accepted by engineers as weaker structures against earthquakes. In terms of Turkish building earthquake code (TBDY2018), irregularity situations require the application of special conditions in structural design and analysis. When urban zoning regulations are examined, many buildings are designed in such a way that they do not require special considerations, and in some cases, buildings with structural irregularity are necessarily built. In this study, how the height of the ground floor and shear walls that are not designed as load-bearing shear walls affect the structural irregularities and the effects of these structural irregularities on the structure under the influence of earthquakes are investigated.

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Masowa śmiertelność małży w zbiorniku Rusałka

Author(s): Karol Pietruczuk,Joanna Chmist-Sikorska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 166/2021

The phenomenon of mass death of mussels in the Rusałka reservoir in Poznań took place in July 2018. As a result of this incident, the Unionidae population has been depleted. The number of dead mussels was counted, which floated around the banks and in the water. A total of approximately 5,500 deaths were found. Due to the scale of the phenomenon, the analysis of water quality was carried out by the Voivodeship Inspectorate for Environmental Protection in Poznań. Four samples of water were taken from different depths of the reservoir to perform physico-chemical and biological analyses. Two profiles, oxygen and temperature, were made in the deepest place of the Rusałka reservoir. There was a presence of hydrogen sulphide at the 5-meter depth of the reservoir. Additionally, oxygen concentration decreased strongly with depth to total deoxidation (< 0.50 mg•l-1O2 from 5 meters depth to the bottom). Furthermore, the average air temperatures in May 2018, in Poznań, were more than 3°C higher than in 2017 and 2016. In June and July, temperatures increased on average by 1 and 2°C compared to the previous. It was shown that the mass death of mussels was probably the result of the interaction of high temperature, a lack of oxygen, and the presence of hydrogen sulphide. It is not possible to clearly indicate only one factor that led to this phenomenon.

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Classification of hazards. Point of view.

Author(s): Victor Sorocovschi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The classification of hazards is a necessity determined by the origin and the multitude of phenomena and processes approached in the study of risks, as well as by their location. The classification of hazards is very difficult due to the complexity of the underlying phenomena and the relationships at the level of geosystems. As a result, the first part of the paper analyses in detail the criteria for classifying hazards (genetic, typological phenomena, spatial, temporal, mode of manifestation, impact, effects produced, etc.), which allow the delimitation of types and subtypes. In the second part of the paper, starting from the mentioned criteria, we proceed to the classification of hazards.

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The quantitative composition of micromycetes under cereal crops in chernozem soils in the Left-Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Author(s): I.V. Beznosko,T. M. Gorgan,I. I. Mosiychuk,L. V. Havruliuk,O. I. Buniak / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Soil microorganisms are an important component of agrocenoses, which due to physiological and genetic features respond quickly to changes in the quality of the soil environment. Each plant in the rhizosphere forms a specific composition of the microflora which depends on the phase of plant development and soil-climatic conditions. The objective of our study was the quantitative composition of ecological and trophic groups of rhizosphere soil micromycetes of different crops in chernozem soils in the Left-Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. According to the results of research, it was determined that the rhizosphere soil under different crops – winter wheat, rye and oats in Chernihiv region – is characterized by the largest number of pedotrophic micromycetes. This indicates that the soil contains a sufficient amount of organic matter. The rhizosphere soils under winter wheat and spring barley in Kiev region were characterized by a larger number of pathogenic micromycetes and amylolytic and cellulolytic ecological-trophic groups. This indicates the intensive use of plant protection products. The rhizosphere soil under onions in experimental fields in Kharkiv region was characterized by a high number of the cellulolytic group. This indicates the presence of cellulose destroying microorganisms. According to the results of statistical analysis, it was found that the number of micromycetes in the rhizosphere soil of the studied varieties of crops was in direct correlation with the value of the hydrothermal coefficient (НTC) in the vegetation period. Weather conditions during the research vegetation period differed by agrometeorological indicators. The characteristic feature was a contrast of differences in air temperature and unequal distribution of rainfall, which affected the composition of the soil mycobiocenosis. The vegetation period of 2021 in Kyiv region was characterized by a sufficiently moist hydrothermal coefficient which increased to1.81 while in Chernihiv, Kharkiv regions drought prevailed, but in some months the HTC increased to 1.32–1.54. It has been shown that the higher the HTC, the greater the number of micromycetes in all study regions.

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New finds of naked amoebae

Author(s): M. K. Patsyuk / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Findings of naked amoebae in various habitats of Ukraine and other territories are presented. Saccamoeba sp., Thecamoeba similis (Greeff, 1891) Lepşi, 1960, Vexillifera bacillipedes Page, 1969, Vannella lata Page, 1988, Acanthamoeba sp., Willaertia magna De Jonckheere, Dive, Pussard & Vickerman, 1984 were identified based on morphological data and molecular genetic research methods. All these species of amoebae are characterized according to our own observations and measurements and the published data. The amoebae we found belong to three classes (Tubulinea, Discosea, Heterolobosea), six orders (Euamoebida, Thecamoebida, Dactylopodida, Vannellida, Centramoebida, Schizopyrenida), six families (Hartmannellidae, Thecamoebidae, Vexilliferidae, Vannellidae, Acanthamoebidae, Vahlkampfiidae) and six genera (Saccamoeba, Thecamoeba, Vexillifera, Vannella, Acanthamoeba, Willaertia). W. magna was the least common in water bodies of different regions of Ukraine; Saccamoeba sp., V. bacillipedes in the studied water bodies are either uncommon species or occupy the middle position in terms of frequency of occurrence In the water bodies of Ukraine T. similis, V. lata, Acanthamoeba sp. are both the least common and the most common species, or occupy the middle position in terms of frequency of occurrence. The following ecological groups of naked amoebae have been identified in relation to temperature: eurythermal, psychrophilic stenothermal, thermophilic stenothermal. In relation to the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water: euryoxidic and stenooxidic. Three species of amoebae can withstand either a wide range of values of organic substances dissolved in water, or belong to stenobiont species. The recorded amoebae belong to monotactic (Saccamoeba sp.), striate (T. similis), dactylopodial (V. bacillipedes), fan shaped (V. lata), acanthopodial (Acanthamoeba sp.) and eruptive (W. magna) morphotypes.

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Application of remote sensing data for monitoring eutrophication of floodplain water bodies

Author(s): E. V. Fedonenko,O. M. Kunakh,Y. A. Chubchenko,O. V. Zhukov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The aim of this article was to investigate the influence of structural features of the floodplain water network on the spatial and temporal dynamics of chlorophyll-a concentration as an indicator of eutrophication. The research was conducted in the waters of the “Dnipro-Orilskiy” Nature Reserve. The geographic information base with polygonal objects which represented water bodies of the reserve was created on the basis of detailed geographical maps and the high resolution space images. The water bodies were characterized using such parameters as the distance of the water body centroid from the nearest shore of the Dnipro River, the area of the water body, the order of the water body and the connectivity of the water body. Chlorophyll-а concentration was estimated based on the surface algal bloom index. The information was obtained about 148 water bodies, 141 of which are water bodies in the floodplain of the Dnipro River. The area of floodplain water bodies within the reserve was 3.28 million m2. The area of floodplain water bodies ranged from 300–232,500 m2. Trophic State Index allows us to estimate the trophic level of Dnipro River waters as mesotrophic, water bodies of first and second order as eutrophic, and water bodies of third and fourth order as hypereutrophic. The dynamics of chlorophyll-a content in water followed the seasonal course of temperatures. The concentration was lowest in the cold period of the year and reached its maximum in the second half of summer. The autumn decrease occurred at the end of September. The seasonal course of air temperature was superimposed on the peculiarities of the temperature regime of a particular water body, which depended on its depth and flow rate. The time, water body area, distance from the Dnipro River channel, connectivity and order of water bodies were the statistically significant predictors of chlorophyll concentration in water and were able to explain 85% of the variation of this indicator. The increase in chlorophyll-a concentration with increasing order of a water body is due to a decrease in the intensity of water exchange and a decrease in the depth of water bodies of higher order. An increase in the order of a water body is accompanied by a branching network of water bodies, the ability of water bodies to clear sediments decreases. Sediment accumulation leads to a decrease in their depth. Warming of shallow ponds and accumulation of organic matter in them are factors of intensive growth of blue-green algae. The evacuation of surplus organic matter, which results from mass vegetation development with excessive nutrient inputs, is a key driver of the eutrophic regime of water bodies. The increasing importance of regulatory processes develops in agreement with an increase in chlorophyll-a concentration in a water body. The importance of the considered factors reaches the highest level in summer time, when simultaneous maximum warming of water bodies and minimum water level in them take place. Accordingly, the differences between deep and relatively cool water bodies and shallow water bodies that warm up quickly, which significantly stimulates the growth of organic mass, reach the greatest contrast. The spatial patterns of variation in chlorophylla concentration have a complex multiscale structure, indicating the multiple nature of the acting factors. The spatial variability was represented as a composition of broad-scale and medium-scale spatial processes. The broad-scale process is most dependent on connectivity, whereas for the medium-scale process the leading one is the effect of water body order.

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Influence of air temperature and humidity on Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Acari, Mesostigmata) locomotor activity in a laboratory experiment

Author(s): V. S. Moshkin,V. V. Brygadyrenko / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley, 1956) (Acari, Mesostigmata, Laelapidae) is a predatory soil mite massively produced in laboratories in many countries of the world. The existing spheres of S. scimitus application vary in many parameters, especially temperature and relative humidity. In this article, we analyzed temperature and humidity appropriate for fastest spread of soil predatory mite S. scimitus. Mites should be released to a new environment in such a way that they would distribute in a greenhouse, garden or field as fast as they can (i.e. providing maximum migration activity of S. scimitus), on the one hand, and provide maximum efficient control of number of target phytophage species (i.e. providing maximum trophic activity), on the other hand. In our experiment, at 14 ºC temperature, most specimens of S. scimitus did not leave the migratory circle for 10 seconds. In 15–19 ºC range, only 14.7% of mites left the migratory circle, and their examined activity in 10 s was only 5–10 mm. In 20–24 ºC range, 27.5% of mites left the migratory circle, their migratory activity increased to 15–23 mm. In 25–33 ºC range, the moving activity increased even more, the mites left the migratory circle at the first opportunity that had (some even jumped off the circle to the experimental field), 95.8% of the mites left the circle in 10 s, their examined activity reached 25–60 mm in 10 seconds. Study of thermo- and hygro-preferences for various groups of invertebrates helps to better describe their ecological niche in multidimensional space of ecologic factors.

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Cenopopulation of Epipactis helleborine (Orchidaceae) in forest ecosystems that have been anthropogenically transformed to various degrees

Author(s): O. P. Chornous / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Because of developed symbiotic connections of the root system of trees, mycorrhiza-forming fungi and the orchid family Orchidaceae in forest ecosystems of the northeast Polissia Region – cultivated Pinus sylvestris, which are now 100–120 years old, recovery of cenopopulations of Epipactis helleborine has been observed in locations of mixed and broad-leaved forests. In natural plant cover of mature pines of the region, indigenous vegetation is gradually recovering – there occur young Quercus robur, Tilia cordata, Acer platanoides of various ages, crown density of understory formed by Coryllus avellana has reached 0.6, above-ground organic leaf foliage that is able to sustain moisture and increase fertility of soil accumulates, creating sufficient conditions of shading for seedlings and juvenile individuals of forest orchids. Special studies revealed a relationship between density of E. helleborine specimens and crown density of the tree stand, shrub strata, structure of soil cover, expressed in cenoses under various degrees of recreational pressure. Density of individuals of forest orchids in the studied populations ranges 10.0 to 0.1 ind./10 m2. Dynamics were seen in groupings of Betuleto-Pineta corylosa, Querceta (roboris) corylosa, Querceto-Pineta corylosa, Acereto (platanoidis) –Tilieto (cordatae) – Quercetum (roboris) aegopodiosum in the territory of the naturereserve fund and structurally similar anthropogenically pressurized cenoses. We determined that all examined cenopopulations in old indigenous zonal cenoses in the territory of the nature reserve fund are normal, they may be considered relatively stable, ontogenetic spectra are incomplete, mostly with right-sided age spectrum – maximum numbers of virgin and generative individuals of various stages. Low density of individuals and incomplete spectra of cenopopulations in light oak forests are natural, and now the largest share of generative and virgin individuals is concentrated in this area. Impact of recreation, unavoidable due to proximity to a road, is a negative factor directly decreasing their density. Ontogenetic spectra of all cenopopulations are incomplete – no seedlings were found in the natural conditions due to underground type of germination. Much more interesting data may be obtained by monitoring studies of age and morphometric dynamic changes during several years.

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Le réchauffement climatique annuel dans les stations de Bucarest et de Sibiu : certitudes et incertitudes

Author(s): André Dauphiné / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2021

If global warming is an observed fact, several uncertainties remain. They concern the temperatures of the past and those of the future. After showing that warming is well proven for the two stations of Bucharest and Sibiu, we show the stochastic nature of this trend, and the difficulties encountered in appreciating its intensity from 1880 to 2019. Finally, we highlight some breaks in that evolution.

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The polyphasic evolution of a saline soil

Author(s): Daniela Răducu,Sorina Dumitru,Petru Ignat,Alina Eftene,Alexandrina Manea,Amelia Anghel / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

he paper emphasizes the polyphasic evolution of a saline soil and its development towards a zonal soil. Most saline soils have formed in river beds, on parental materials made up of stratified fluvial deposits. Over time, depending on the distance to the river bed and the frequency of flooding, these soils have developed more or less towards the zonal soil. The study plot is located in Bârlad Valley, Bârlad Tableland, where the Tma is 9.3ºC and Pma is 535.5 mm. The soil is an Aluviosol mollic salinic, with relict gleization covering at 60 cm a Chernozem aluvic-salinic, with relict gleization (according to SRTS-2012). In WRB–SR, this soil is classified as a Gleyic Fluvisol. The soil formed in an un-uniform parental material (specific to soils formed in fluvial materials). As a result, the soil profile consists of two main sequences: 1) a sequence (0–60 cm) representing the actual soil (Salinic Aluviosol, with relict gleization) consisting of three pedogenetic horizons that have not sufficiently evolved to become the zonal soil. The differentiation of the horizons of this sequence is due to the cyclic sedimentation processes and, to a lesser extent, to a weak pedogenesis; 2) a second sequence (60–210 cm) representing a soil material consisting of several deposits (stratifications) which: a) had no time to integrate each others and to form a soil; the soil material evolved in marshland being continuously elevated. At a certain moment, the area was drained, and now the horizons constituting the upper part of the buried sequence (60–122 cm) have the appearance of mollic horizons, and the soil trend to developed towards Cernisol (Chernozem respectively); b) are not sufficiently contrasting in terms of texture, so they can be considered as lithological discontinuities and consequently denoted with prefix numbers. The current pedogenetic processes that influence the development of this soil profile (consisting of two overlapped soils) are those of the attenuation of the characteristics inherited from the parental material and those which oriented the pedogenesis throughout the formation of the zonal soil. Land reclamation works maintain the tendency of salts to invade the entire profile at a level that does not affects the development of the crop roots.

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URBAN FLOODS MANAGEMENT USING AHP AND FMEA METHODS—CASE STUDY OF BEJAIA, ALGERIA

Author(s): Noredine Azoune,Marzouk Cherrared / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

This study aims to help the management of the Stormwater Drainage System (SDS) of Bejaia City to manage urban flood problems, i.e., to provide them with tools for a better organization of information on SDS combined with a better optimization of its interventions on the network. Our study is based on a multicriteria analysis of the “SDS–inundation–Impact” system. We used a multicriteria approach and classified the overflow points called Black Points (BPs) using two methods: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Failure Mode, Effect and criticality Analysis (FMEA). The criteria and the evaluation scale were defined on the basis of past observations, expert opinions, and feedback experience. The map of the past flooded areas was made and used to calibrate the two models. We mapped the BPs according to intervention priorities (one to four). The outcomes from both models are greatly comparable to the results of the impact assessment of past floods. The proposed approach can also reduce flood risks by integrating some of influencing factors (causing floodings) and the application can be adapted and implemented in other cities too. Both methods are reliable, particularly the AHP for the most overflowing BPs. They could be advantageously combined to improve decision-making.

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WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: METHODS, APPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES

Author(s): Marko V. Milošević / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The paper represents a review of the monograph entitled Water Resources Management: Methods, Applications and Challenges, published in the series of Water Resources Planning, Development and Management by the Nova Science Publishers Inc. The aim of the review is to present a prominent monograph of international significance to the scientific community and broader readership. The monograph contains various aspects of water resources management, including their use for different purposes and impacts of natural factors and anthropogenic pressures on water resources.

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