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Centre-periphery Cleavage in Ukraine

Author(s): Valeriu Deciu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Once the former USSR collapsed, countries like Ukraine have construed their own collective identity aiming to differentiate them from internal and external “others” in a nation building process. New territorial boundaries have been established over the mental ones, founding myths and heroes have been recovered or reinstated. This process looked successful for a while until a census unveiled a center-periphery cleavage formation. Meanwhile, Kiev’s centralizing policy had to face upheaval in the eastern part, and conflict is ongoing. Scholars have speculated mostly over ethnic and historical factors as well as Russia’s active involvement as main reasons for the shift in identity self-referencing of Donbas region’s inhabitants. This paper aims at examining this center-periphery cleavage formation from another standpoint: an internal political struggle between two regional clans that are still controlling the resources and hence hold political power in the so-called Donbas region from Eastern Ukraine. Without minimizing the influence of historical and ethnic factors, we posit that many eastern Ukrainians’ choice for identity self-referencing had shifted when their region started to decrease in terms of economic and political power on the central level. And the Donbas clans losing the central power control over fighting each other is along with historical and ethnic factors one of the main reasons for that.

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Specificity of Severe Material Deprivation among Rural Communities in the North-East Region of Romania

Author(s): Simona-Roxana Ulman,Costică Mihai / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper offers a perspective on poverty related to basic, but also consumption deprivation of two rural communities in the North-East Region of Romania, while attempting at emphasizing the signals of extreme deprivation that may be representative for disadvantaged rural areas at regional level. In this respect, we conducted a questionnaire survey that was applied to the residents of these communities. The results showed that, within the severely material deprived members of such communities, a sub-grouping in terms of deprivation levels was still possible, offering the possibility of better identifying their specificity.

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Îmbătrânirea populației şi evaluarea indicelui sarcinii demografice în regiunile Republicii Moldova

Author(s): Irina Movilă / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The article deals with the problem of aging of the population of the Republic of Moldova. The structure and dynamics of the population of the country by main age groups as well as territorially are analyzed. The problem of population aging is highlighted in the Northern region of the republic, as the region where the highest rate of population aging is observed. The indicator analyzes the demographic load in the Republic of Moldova, including the Northern region.

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Tendinţe în evoluţia economico-socială a societăţii in condiţii de risc si incertitudine

Author(s): Marilena Doncean,Gheorghe Doncean / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Systems emerge and develop according to objective laws that are uncovered by exploring massive amounts of information. In the field of invention, the possibilities for exploring anything new are considered and analysed with simple methods and with minimal errors. This is based on the objective laws of system development and contradiction (the improvement in one attribute irrefutably leads to deterioration in another). In terms of its methodology and theoretical-scientific underpinnings, the present paper draws on the comparative approach of works by contemporary domestic and foreign economists, on publications by specialists in the field, on technical and economic documentation, comments, periodicals and scientific articles.

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CONTRIBUTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH MANAGEMENT OF AGE-FRIENDLY URBANISM

Author(s): Ivana Šandrk Nukić,Danijela Rogina / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper presents the research whose aim was to investigate age-friendly urbanism characteristics and answer the question: Does managing the creation of age-friendly environments lead to sustainable development goals? Applying theoretical scientific methods like induction, deduction, analysis, classification, and description, a review of relevant scientific literature and legislative and strategic publications has been conducted. In addition to that, the case of the City of Osijek has been studied. The introduction of the paper presents aging and increased urbanization as two significant forces shaping living in the 21st century. Building onto those presumptions, age-friendly cities have been defined as those that foster healthy and active aging by enabling the more extraordinary functional ability for elderly citizens. The second chapter reveals characteristics of modern cities, emphasizing polycentricity to maintain humanity and functionality even in fast emerging megacities. Additionally, given the impact that increased urbanization has on sustainable development, the effect of sustainable development goals has been pointed out. The third chapter reviews the existing body of knowledge of age-friendly environments, encompassing municipal services, the social environment, and the physical environment. It also reflects on person-environment fit and elaborates the importance of the right to the city.

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Regenerarea urbană a oraşelor dunărene. Studiu de caz Vukovar (Croaţia)

Author(s): Andreea Catalina Popa / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The war had a devastating economic and social impact on the city of Vukovar. After the end of the war, urban regeneration began, both the city and the port, which had a vital role in the local economy. From an economic point of view, the war determined the closure of the most important factories, which had thousands of employees until the beginning of the conflict. The restoration of the city of Vukovar was based on the creation, in 2001, of the Fund for Reconstruction and Development by the Croatian government. The fund became operational in 2002 and aimed to provide loans, stimulate investment, and support collaboration with other public authorities and private companies. This paper follows the most important measures taken to support the urban regeneration of the city. It was also highlighted the impact of Croatia's accession to the European Union on the Vukovar projects.

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Podpowiedzi dla uniwersytetu płynące z doświadczenia terenu

Author(s): Aleksandra Kunce / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

A university aspiring to transcend categorizations of thought and spirit of familiarity is, at the same time, a space which binds us and anchors, it is an area of struggle which imposes on us certain obligations, and finally, it is a place which reveals our safe space, even if we freely slip between concepts, methods, tools and goals. What would a university be without the experience of the land? A neutral structure and a global arena? Hubris of knowledge/universal power drawing up systemic plans? The land is the ground for building located reflection and a separate, autonomous core of the university. The oikological humanities are predestined to reflect upon such conceived land, especially since they do not cease to increase the concern for home and, at the same time, emphasize the persuasive thinking about it.

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Notas para una autoetnografía del duelo. Del miedo y de las dudas en el trabajo de campo en Totonacapan, México

Author(s): Krystyna Barbara Paradowska / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

This paper addresses the role that fear and doubts played in the author’s fieldwork during her doctoral research in southeast Mexico. The research – entitled “Dialogue of Knowledge for the Theoretical Rethinking of Ecological Restoration with a Biocultural Approach” and conducted under the auspices of The Center for Tropical Research at the Universidad Veracruzana – contains numerous authoethnographic elements and is dedicated to the conservation of the natural and biocultural heritage of the tropics in southeast Mexico. The research focused on the search for new perspectives and opportunities in the restoration of the biocultural landscape in the Totonacapan region of the state of Veracruz through the inclusion of the worldviews, knowledge, and traditional management practices of its indigenous inhabitants. The current paper aims to deepen the discussion and generalize on the subject through theories and methodologies that take into consideration personal experiences, as well as critical academic viewpoints situated at the outer limits of the Social sciences, humanities, and ecology, and which distance themselves from academic positions that are more colonial and extractivist in nature. The ongoing body of research is intended to convey a sense of both grief (e.g., over the loss of intellectual comfort when conducting research), and of hope for those who continue to address ecological challenges from an academic perspective, even when such work exposes oneself to new hazards and vulnerabilities.

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Fear in the field

Author(s): Frank A. Salamone / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

There are many works of fieldwork in anthropology. It is generally acknowledged as the major rite of passage for cultural and social anthropologists, a way to somehow feel and think like the indigenous people whom we study and whose stories we relate. It is the royal road to understanding others, comparable to Freud’s use of dreams as the royal road to the unconscious. These repressed thoughts, feelings, and wishes may never be made public or acknowledged even to one’s self. In fact, only after delving into the field notes of many anthropologists and discussing the issue with others, did I slowly come to realize the effect of the field work ideal on an individual anthropologist – the heroic anthropologist. I wish to focus here on but one aspect of the ideal model, namely, fear in all its form, from the physical fear of danger down to the fear of failure, of inadequacy. A search of writings on fieldwork, of cmethods or of similar works shows very little, if any mention of fear. The myth of the heroic anthropologist bravely going in search of truth and adventure still casts its spell on people.

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Krajobraz – wprowadzenie do miejsca

Author(s): Ilona Copik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to discuss the way of conceptualizing new methodologies related to the landscape studies and reflections on the place in contemporary humanities. The author presents and compares theoretical perspectives of research in the fields of aesthetics, cultural anthropology and humanistic geography, emphasizing the dynamics and processuality of the term “landscape” which combines elements of mediatic and material, natural and cultural, aesthetic and geographical. Landscape understood in this way requires overcoming thinking only in terms of verbal-visual representation (image, map) and perceiving it as a source of culture and society. Instead of distant perception, what is important is multisensory participation, the embodied experience of being in the world. Thus, the landscape comes close to the concept of “place,” but with the emphasis on its verbal form – the being and identity formation as well as the agency of a subject actively immersed in the environment in which creative and transformational processes are constantly ongoing.

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Itinerarium ex post albo teren, który uchodzi

Author(s): Paweł Paszek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article (research essay) approaches the abandoned places and the fallow lands as new important fieldwork of contemporary anthropology. Spaces, places, and lands that have been exploited and abandoned resemble weak signs and disappearing traces of human being in some specific terrain. On the other hand, anthropologic reflection on forgotten and abandoned human locations – apart from the fact that any kind of specific local history of ex-post place plays the role of a moderator of the memory of some concrete space – is also a kind of a memory book of human violence towards topography and nature. Special plots of the hypermodern subject-anthropos are raised within the specific constellation of points and traces of presence and absence and also of history and existence.

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VYBRANÉ GEOGRAFICKÉ ASPEKTY DRUHÉHO BÝVANIA NA SLOVENSKU

Author(s): Tomáš Pšenka,Eva Džupinová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Cieľom nášho príspevku je predstaviť potenciál územia Slovenska pre jeden z tradičných spôsobov trávenia voľného času na území bývalého Československa a významnú súčasť domáceho cestovného ruchu, ktorou je druhé bývanie. Príspevok sa venuje priestorovému rozmiestneniu objektov druhého bývania a vyčleneniu potenciálne vhodných oblastí pre druhé bývanie, s dôrazom na chalupárenie. Hoci si uvedomujeme zložitosť problematiky a nedokonalosť použitej metódy vyčlenenia tohto typu objektov individuálnej rekreácie, pri analýze vychádzame z údajov o domovom fonde, získaných zo Sčítania obyvateľov, domov a bytov v roku 2001, pričom pracujeme predovšetkým s kategóriou neobývané domy v jednotlivých obciach Slovenska. Okrem existencie samotných objektov do skúmanej problematiky vstupuje aj ďalší dôležitý aspekt druhého bývania, a tým je dostupnosť potenciálnych cieľových oblastí zo zdrojových oblastí rekreantov, ktorými sú predovšetkým obyvatelia väčších mestských sídiel. V neposlednom rade nemožno opomenúť aj ďalšie faktory rozvoja druhého bývania v ťažiskových oblastiach, ktorými sú najmä prírodné predpoklady, ale tiež možnosti rekreačných aktivít v oblastiach s koncentráciou objektov druhého bývania.

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Regional and Geographic Features of pro-poor growth in Africa

Author(s): Jaromír Harmáček,Barbora Frličková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper focuses on regional and geographic features of pro-poor growth in African countries. The concept of pro-poor growth interconnects and examines mutual relationships between income growth, income poverty and income inequality. Using the World Bank’s income data, we calculate and interpret indicators of pro-poor growth for individual African countries. Then we analyze the results in terms of African regionalization and we investigate possible associations between pro-poor growth categories and selected geographic factors such as location, population size or population density. We show that higher pro-poorness of growth is typical for countries of Northern and Western Africa. The results also indicate that some of the geographic factors are significantly associated with propoor growth across African countries.

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Anthropogenic relief transformations – their knowledge and evaluation with regard to the uniqueness and cultural identity of regions

Author(s): Karel Kirchner,Lucie Kubalíková,František Kuda,Marek Havliček / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Within the development of new regional geography, the role of human geographic research in the study of regions is emphasized. Regional uniqueness, a consciousness of belonging to a particular region and regional identity also play an important role in the definition of regions. However, physical geography disciplines, e.g. geomorphology, can also contribute to the knowledge of these aspects with regard to the definition of regions. Currently, within the framework of geomorphology, attention is paid to the diversity of anthropogenic landforms. The knowledge and evaluation of these anthropogenic landforms, which are an important part of the historical elements of the landscape and are also referred to as cultural artefacts of the landscape, enables to supplement the cultural-historical values of the region and to specify the cultural identity of the region. On the example of sites – Staré Hradisko and Hostýn – we will present the specifics of secondary geodiversity with respect to the cultural identity of the sites.

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Geografie znevýhodnění

Author(s): Robert Osman / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

This chapter offers a Czech introduction to a subdiscipline of social geography—disability geography, its development and main research topics. It also grounds the whole book and our project in a broader thinking about the relationship between space and the body. In between the general beginning towards a concrete ending of this book, it turns our attention from the study of disability to space and shows how space participates on social disadvantage and this disadvantage is inscribed in space. The chapter focuses on the interactions of diverse bodies with diverse space and notices, what these interactions enable and what they disable, and how certain spaces participate in dis/abling and enabling of certain bodies. The question resonating through the whole book is “how space participates on disadvantaging of our bodies”, or “how diversity of our bodies translates into the form of space”? The chapter is divided into two parts; the first one discusses geography of disability and tries to show how discussions within disability studies are transferred with some delay into disability geography, where they interact with the research on space. The second part is devoted to three selected examples of space experience: the experience of people with physical impairment, the experience of people with sight impairment and the experience of „d/Deaf“ people. Each of the examples discusses two or three broader topics that have represented or might represent key research streams of the respective spatial experience.

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Navrhování digitální přístupnosti měst

Author(s): Stanislav Škop,Jan Martinek,Ladislava Zbiejczuk Suchá / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The fourth chapter outlines the context and methods for designing accessible, usable, and useful urban services. Digital services are introduced as an integral part of city services, connecting urban infrastructure with the services of a city (an example of digital urban service in the context of removing barriers can be accessibility maps). At the beginning, methods that help municipalities to design better services are presented, focusing on the digital aspect and being part of so-called human-centered design or design thinking. Special attention is devoted to dual diamond method, characterized by combination of methods to be able to better determine and analyze the needs of potential users, and to create and test the developing design. Involvement of future users is of key importance not only in the preparatory phase, but also through participative design and user-oriented evaluation. As the methods are very broad, it is necessary to include representatives of various skills and multidisciplinary perspectives. The chapter also offers three criteria for evaluating good public digital services— accessibility, usability, and usefulness. Each of these concepts is discussed in more

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Politiky zpřístupňování městského prostoru v České republice

Author(s): Jana Línová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The fifth chapter discusses policies and planning of accessible public space. The text works with the approaches of universal design and tactical urbanism and applies them to concrete practical examples. It demonstrates the limits of various space designs and introduces their possible complementarity with the aim to give an overview of practical examples of municipal efforts to make public space accessible. The data collected via semi-structured interviews and the analysis of conceptional and strategic municipal documents in the Czech Republic identified cities (Brno, Olomouc, Pardubice a Praha), which have already institutionalized the agenda of barrier-free space. These cities can be placed on a timescale corresponding to subsequent phases of this institutionalization, with Olomouc being at front (after 18 years of experience with accessibility policies) and Brno, which started to remove barriers systematically only in 2017, at the opposite side. Urban municipalities use diverse tools and define their goals for in strategies and conceptions that serve as guides for multiple working groups. Some of these groups have their own budgets, in which European and state support can be used. The working groups usually belong under one of three types based on their activities: the actual barrier-removing work, conceptional and methodic work and educational work. Most visible results are usually found in public transport (public transport stops, crossings, lowering sidewalk and traffic island curbs, etc.). Strategic and systematic effort in removing barriers, which has been carried out by these four cities, can undoubtedly be an inspiration for other municipalities.

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Taktické mapování bariér

Author(s): Tomáš Krejčík,Jakub Trojan,Robert Osman,Eva Nováková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The seventh chapter focuses on an illustrative demonstration of the application of tactical urbanism and tactical mapping on the example of the city of Brno. Here we used six related tactics. First, in cooperation with the Advisory Board for a Barrier-Free Brno, we identify the types of spaces of priority interest. Then (also in cooperation with the Brno City Advisory Board for Accessibility) we prioritize places and institutions that are key for people with disability. In the third tactic, we identify the spatial concentrations of these priority places (in order to identify priority areas). We then identify barriers in the prioritized areas through field research and categorize these into several classes. We then subject each barrier to an assessment of how challenging it is to remove — either in terms of the nature of the barrier or through the lens of ownership/management of the barrier. In the final sixth tactic, we design comprehensive barrier-free routes connecting priority institutions and focusing on removing precisely those barriers that would provide the greatest “benefit” (i.e., most help to make the route more accessible) in the spirit of tactical urbanism. The design of the tactical mapping process is not one-size-fits-all and openly deals with dead ends. For example, it has been shown that it is not necessary to use sophisticated instruments to successfully describe the nature of barriers (but a common smart phone will suffice) or that barriers cannot be narrowed down to point objects, but we must also work with linear barriers (such as missing guide lines, warning strips, etc.). It is also important to have a broader interdisciplinary team involved in tactical mapping — in addition to social geographers and cartographers, this includes barrier specialists (so that barriers in space can be clearly identified) and public administration representatives who are in charge of accessibility. However, it should be taken into account that this is an illustrative example working in a specific city.

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Brněnský archiv příkladů dobré praxe: proč ne Metodika?

Author(s): Robert Osman,Pavel Doboš,Daniel Kaplan,Ondřej Šerý,Stanislav Škop,Simona Surmařová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

This chapter presents Examples of good practice for the creation of accessible urban space, which have been practiced by multiple actors in Brno city under specific circumstances and which can serve as inspiration and motivation for other municipalities in their barrier-free policies and practice. While being the source for inspiration can be their principal goal, another goal is to archive the good practice. The authors start the chapter defining themselves against methods guidelines for barrier-free space; methods are introduced as a certain conceptual tool for strict, systematic and universal creation of barrier-free/accessible space, which can be too binding and less open to eventual changes. On the other hand, Examples of good practice represent a different approach, open to eventual developments, unexpected phenomena and trying to inspire for creation of accessible space everywhere and every time, in pragmatic, unprecedented and diverse ways. As has been indicated above, Methods guides for barrier-free space can be bound by three universalities, which usually prevent experimenting and creativity. Examples of good practice aim to inspire and incent creativity, and thus represent a universal “will” to be creative, unhinged and active.

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TRADITIONAL, DISAPPEARING AND EMERGING HUMAN GEOGRAPHY TOPICS AT GRAMMAR ACHOOLS AND IN UNDERGRADUATE GEOGRAPHY TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAMMES

Author(s): Rastislav Čief,Branislav Nižnanský / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Traditional Human Geography was referred to as Socio-economic Geography in the didactic practice of the Soviet bloc. Thematic areas of the Socio-economic Geography curriculum included traditional topics: population and settlement, economy, manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries, services, tourism and foreign trade. The current curriculum of the subject of Geography has undergone the transformation of the content of the curriculum. The original topic of the population and settlements has been modified mainly under the influence of the development of Social Geography at the CU in Prague. In the field of Economic Geography, the thematic content has responded to the Industry Classification System, with emerging topics related to the quaternary and quinary sector of economy. There have emerged topics related to Cultural Geography, including the development of Political Geography. The paper presents the comparison of traditional, disappearing and emerging topics of Human Geography within the curricula of grammar schools and undergraduate Geography teacher training programmes.

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