Dinar mı? Gingler (Geyikler) mi? Gingler-Ginler'den Dinar'a

Author(s): Tuncer Baykara / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2015

From a historical onomastic perspective, this article analyzes the etymological origins of the name “Dinar,” one of the districts of modern Afyonkarahisar. In scholarship it has been often misleadingly assumed that under the Ottoman rule the toponym of Dinar was Apemeia which evolved into Geyikler in the 1800s. Based on this assumption, it has been also argued that the term Dinar was used then by a British archeologist. However, as this article reveals, Ottomans never used the term Apemeia for Dinar. Even from the very beginning, its name written as Gingler/Ginler with Arabic scripts was used as Geyikler/Keyikler due to the permeability between Arabic and Ottoman pronunciation. Later, the term Gingler/Ginler gradually transformed into Dinar in the local vernaculars.

Typy morfogenetyczne wsi w środkowej Polsce

Author(s): Tomasz Figlus / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

Historico-geographical analysis of the layouts of villages in central Poland made it possible to distinguish the morphogenetic types of rural settlements characteristic of the specified historical periods. On the basis of the historical topographic maps, it is also possible to describe the features of spatial distribution of the morphogenetic types of villages for the investigated area. Central Poland presents a very diversified morphogenetic picture of villages, which results from a great number of complex historical and socio-economic processes, as well as from varied geographical conditions. Four main historical periods were distinguished, during which the following characteristic morphogenetic types of villages were established: 1. irregular medieval villages which did not undergo regulation in the Middle Ages; 2. regular medieval villages located on German Law; 3. newer settlements founded in the Modern Period (e.g. manorial layouts and villages connected with the so-called olęder settlement and Frederician colonization); 4. villages formed in the process of regulation and parcellation in 19th c. The villages form Early Middle Ages developed in an evolutionary way, were not regulated, and adapted well to the local topographic position. Among the villages with irregular habitats from this period the following types can be singled out: road villages, little green villages (small oval) and circular villages; cross-road villages and multi-road villages. The land was divided into numerous small fields, irregular in shape. The layout of fields in these villages takes the form of blocks, block-strips and irregular small fields. Two distinct processes were taking place in the Middle Ages: foundation of the new villages on the so-called in cruda radice, and regulation of the villages already existing according to the German law. These villages were built mostly on the Church land of the cloisters and bishops, as well as on land belonging at that time to the Duke. The generally accepted types of villages founded on the German law are: large regular street villages and regular green villages (with oval or rectangular square). Regular field patterns in those villages were organized in the open-field patternadapted to the three-field rotation system. Within the group of villages of later origin, established between the 16th c. and the 1th half of 19th c., the following types were distinguished: manors and marshy row villages (the so-called olęder or Frederician colonies and other colonies – the so-called forest settlements). In Modern Period one can identify mostly the manor-peasant village with a complex of manor buildings and peasant homesteads. Manor and peasant fields intermingled and were cultivated by means of the three-field system. Rarely can one observe manor villages which included only the manor complex with crofters’ small holdings and where fields were consolidated into large blocks. In the 18th c. planned villages were built again, which was connected with the Frederician and the so-called olęder colonization. Marshy row villages located on clearings can be distinguished, which represented a different spatial pattern with regard to the economic functions of their population. Agricultural colonies were mostly regular street villages, densely built-up. The pattern of the fields took the form of regular, schematic, broad stripes, belonging to separate owners. The 19th c. marks the turning point in the development of the forms of rural settlement. The ancient spatial settings of villages have changed mostly in connection with the transformation of the socio-economic life of the countryside, in particular the enfranchisement of peasants, the parcellation of manors and field consolidation, the disappearance of the threefield rotation system, and the introduction of new techniques of cultivation. In the manor- peasant village one can observe the process of separation of manor and peasant land. In the context of parceling-out it is possible to distinguish row villages with fields in the form of ownership stripes, perpendicular to the road and dispersed settlement with block system of fields. The irregular layouts of villages from the Middle Ages were formed mostly in the peripheries of central Poland, in the valleys of the Warta, Bzura and Pilica rivers. Compact settlement regions of regular villages, founded during the medieval colonization, have been identified in the area of former ecclesiastical or royal estates where proprietors were interested in location of villages based on the German law. Manors developed mainly inside the villages, and they did not form separate settlement units and morphogenetic zones. Forest colonies and marshy row villages appear as small enclaves throughout the whole investigated area, especially in the central part of region, because they were mostly founded on clearings, areas not cultivated before, on poor soils and in forests.

Historical Atlas of Poland in the 2nd half of the 16th Century: Voivodeships of Cracow, Sandomierz, Lublin, Sieradz, Łęczyca, Rawa, Płock and Mazovia, ed. by Marek Słoń

Author(s): A.A. Frolov / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

„European Social Science History Conference” – Walencja (Hiszpania), 30 marca–2 kwietnia 2016 r.

Author(s): Michał Gochna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

Sprawozdanie z konferencji „Geografia historyczna. Wyzwania przyszłości” – Łódź, 11–12 czerwca 2015 r.

Author(s): Magdalena Deptuła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

Wizja korytarza czesko-rosyjskiego według polskich map z 1920 roku

Author(s): Piotr Eberhardt / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2014

The article analyzes the content of the book which was published in Warsaw at the beginning of 1920. It was devoted to the possibilities of realization of a territorial corridor between Germany and Russia and the potential consequences of its creation. The idea appeared after the decisions taken at the Paris Peace Conference signed in Versailles (28 June 1919), but before the decisions of the Entente powers in Trianon (4 June 1920), which set the political borders of Hungary. In that situation it was not yet known whether Poland would border with Hungary in the south or with Czechoslovakia. Th e aforementioned publication collected 33 articles related to that uncertainty. They appeared at the turn of 1919 and 1920 on the pages of Polish periodicals. They were concerned with geopolitical repercussions that the decisions of the great powers had for Poland regarding the course of the borderline on the southern side of the Carpathian Mountains. Two potential scenarios of events were considered. They were presented on two maps, which constitute an integral part of the present article. The first variant assumed including the Slovak and Ruthenian lands into Czechia. Th e other maintained the existing political structure, together with the common Polish-Hungarian border. Th e first variant provided for the possibility of creating a territorial corridor connecting Germany with Russia and running through the territories of Czechoslovakia and Ukraine. Th e authors opted for the second solution, which was supposed to be much more beneficial for Poland. They justified it with military, political and economic reasons. Th e near future showed that neither of those two variants was realized since Hungary lost the Slovak and Ruthenian lands, and the corridor between Soviet Russia and Czechoslovakia was blocked by the territories of Poland and Romania. Despite that missed project, the publication under discussion is of great historical value and it is a significant achievement of the Polish geopolitical thought.

Zasady opisu geograficznego i rysowania map w Geografii Ptolemeusza redagowanej przez Nicolausa Germanusa - rękopis BOZ 2

Author(s): Lucyna Szaniawska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2013

A hand-written geographical treaty Codex in Bibliotheca Zamoiskiensi Latinus BOZ 2, edited by a Benedictine Nicolaus Germanus, is kept as a deposit in the National Library in Warsaw. It consists of two separate parts: the text on 80 sheets of paper in a folio format and a collection of 30 maps, including 1 map of the world and 26 regional maps by Ptolemy as well as 3 „tabulae modernae”. Th e books with the text by Ptolemy were conscientiously copied by Nicolaus. Th e text includes geographic data together with the geographic coordinates and an explanation of the principles of Ptolemy’s two map projections – the first useful in drawing regional maps, and the other used to edit a map of the whole world. Ninety one chapters include geographic descriptions of particular regions. Book II includes descriptions of Europe, from its north-western parts from Ireland (k. 13vb) to Germania reaching the Vistula in the east. Th e descriptions of book III include geographic information concerning eastern and south-western Europe – from the Apennine Peninsula (k. 24vb), across Sarmatia to Greece. Book IV includes data on Africa from which information to the maps was taken. It begins with a description of Mauretania (k. 36va) reaching the Pillars of Hercules in the west, and closes with a description of Egypt. Th e fourth map covers all Africa as known in ancient times as far as the Mountains of the Moon lying south of the equator. Book V begins with a description of Asia, with the region of Pontus (k. 41ra), across Asian Sarmatia and the countries of the Near East together with the Arabian Peninsula as far as Babylonia. Book VI discusses the countries of Central Asia: from Assyria (k. 55ra), across the regions of the South Caucasus as far as Persia and the regions dominated by the latter. In book VII, Ptolemy included information concerning south-eastern and eastern Asia: from India (k. 62va) as far as China and the Indonesian Islands as well as Taprobane island (end of description k. 67va). Book VII is finished with Epilogus (k. 69rb–69va). Maps constitute the second, physically separate, part of the treaty. Twenty six regional (chorographic) maps edited on the basis of geographic data included in books II–VII constitute a collection intended by Ptolemy as showing all known lands, including those that were only mentioned in the works of other ancient writers. A consequence of different scopes of the maps was the use of different degrees of reduction of the projected area. Th e territory of the Roman empire and the other parts of Europe were shown in a similar scale, while far-off lands, especially those situated in east Asia, were reduced three times in relation to the maps of the European regions. Ptolemy, and then Nicolaus, made a quantitative and qualitative selection of geographic objects, thus achieving a certain definite degree of the picture density. A comparison of the degree of particularity on the maps of Germania and Sarmatia through the analysis of selected elements of the natural environment such as hydrography and orography allows to draw the conclusion that those geographers created on the whole surface of the map a relatively even foundation for the elements with anthropogenic character – a network of localities and distribution of peoples. Against the background of presentations of the world known at that time which were contemporary to Nicolaus Germanus or earlier, his presentation of Ptolemy’s geographic data was – despite certain faults – much better than others. It should be admitted that Nicolaus was a conscientious interpreter of the writings of the Alexandrian scholar and, what is more, he won the trust of his contemporaries. Th e first printed versions of Geography appeared on the basis of his hand-written maps. Later editions usually differed with very small details or they were less successful.

Ogólnopolski system udostępniania zasobów geoinformacyjnych OGNIWO

Author(s): Anna Wrochna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2013

The article presents the idea and the main objectives of the project: „Th e development of digital geospatial resources and their availability in the National Geoinformation Science System Integrating Geodetic Knowledge – OGNIWO”. Th e project was financed in frames of the Innovative Economy Operational Programme, Priority 2. Th e general objective of the project is to provide permanent and secure access to the advanced information infrastructure for representatives of Polish scientific environment and enteprenuers. Th e system enables the use of geoinformation resources of the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography for the scientific, research, economic and educational purposes. IGiK has some unique geoinformation resources regarding, among others. photogrammetry, remote sensing, geodesy and geodynamics or cartography, as well as resources of scientific publications and research results in this field. Th e result of the project is the OGNIWO geoportal that enables a wide group of various potential recipients to get access to the resources through a typical web browser. Spatial data services are delivered using the Internet as the main medium and are available for all authorized users.

Polskie Imperium Słowiańskie według map Stanisława Wendekera z 1939 r. i Konfederacji Narodu z 1941 r.

Author(s): Piotr Eberhardt / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2017

The introductory part of the article presents the history and the ideology of the Polish pan-Slavic movement. This movement did not play such an important role as the Russian or the Czech pan-Slavism, but it also had the followers among the Polish political activists. An integral part of the article is constituted by two maps, on which the potential boundaries are depicted of the proposed Polish Slavonic empire. The first of these maps, authored by Stanisław Wendeker, was elaborated in 1939, just before the outbreak of the War World II. The second map, of collective authorship, was designed in 1941 by the activists of the clandestine organisation, which used the name of Confederation of the Nation. The paper contains the critical analysis and the assessment of these two forgotten, but highly interesting cartographic renditions, documenting the convictions and perspectives of the Polish pan-Slavists.

Конзервациона биогеографија – савремени научни допринос биогеографије унапређењу заштите природе

Author(s): Snežana Đurđić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 4/2009

In present times, there is a clear and growing need for applying theoretical biogeographic achievements in improving the state of biodiversity and conservation. Conceptual principles of conservation biogeography take the research into the relationship between fundamental biogeographic principles and the need for their appliance in nature conservation as the basic theory model, based upon biogeographic studies of isolated ranges. This paper is meant to point out the differences between spatial and functional isolation and the effects these have on the stability of populations and species. In light of this need to apply theories in biodiversity and nature conservation, it is important to research not only the processes that depend solely upon natural factors, but also those that are caused by a number of human-induced changes, e.g. habitat fragmentation, climate change or biotic homogenization.

Interventions and uses of the defensive heritage in Tlemcen: Case of Bab El Quarmadin

Author(s): Chihab Selka,Imene Oussadit,Mohammed Nabil Ouissi,Juan Monjo Carrio,Walid Hamma / Language(s): French Issue: 3/2017

Our research allowed us to understand that the process of devaluing the site of Bab El Quarmadine is divided into three main axes influencing each other. The first is legislative with passive, truncated, and poorly enforced regulation, resulting in inappropriate interventions and practices. The second is its disintegration of the urban fabric which is the fruit of French action, which first dismissed the site relegating it to extramuros then isolated it with the passage of the railroad, which currently represents a real break to the urban development. The third is social with this gradual dissolution of the affective bond since colonization because of the lack of practice and use of space. Despite the various interventions on the site, and especially that of 2010, it is still isolated, somewhat hostile, and misunderstood by society. These interventions have always been conditioned by time and the budget envelope, and apart from its maintenance, they have not succeeded in enhancing it. It also shows that this is not an isolated case in Tlemcen or elsewhere in Algeria, because it has many similarities with other elements of the defensive patrimony which show the same symptoms of devaluation and are provoking today more than ever, the greatest attention.

Atlas Fontium

Author(s): Marek Słoń / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2018

Memorie di luoghi e di mestieri: l’attività carbonifera nella toponimia orale del Piemonte montano

Author(s): Federica Cugno / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1 (29)/2019

The article examines dialectal place names referring to the now extinct activity of the production of charcoal. It considers their numerical consistency and their spatial spread in the areas of mountain Piedmont, on the basis of the documentation offered by the Atlante Toponomastico del Piemonte Montano. Analyzing on a qualitative level the most recurrent toponymic types, it illustrates the predominant traits in the charcoal exploitation of the territory perceived as more salient by the speaking communities and settled in their toponymic systems.

Românii din dreapta Tisei – Maramureşul de Nord

Author(s): Angela-Maria Abrihan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 5/2016

This article tries to explain how the people from Maramureş have continued to maintain unity and have fought together whenever they were called under the flag, to defend the ideals and borders. Here,Romanians still of Maramureş, were able to keep awake the conscience of the nation torch, keeping ordinances related ancestral language,customs and faith. Despite denationalization policy, promoted by the communist system, Romanians in this area, known as The North Maramureş, managed to preserve national identity intact.

Zapiski Komisji Geografii Historycznej PTH

Author(s): Beata Konopska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2019

Metoda retrogresji w geografii historycznej Polski (wybrane zagadnienia)

Author(s): Henryk Rutkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2019

Artykuł przedstawia materiał do dyskusji na temat zasad stosowania retrogresji w geografii historycznej. Wstęp zawiera charakterystykę tej metody. Główna część artykułu opiera się na doświadczeniach prac nad mapami szczegółowymi ziem polskich Korony w XVI w. Omówiono podstawę źródłową oraz treść tych map, zaznaczając stopień pewności lub prawdopodobieństwa przedstawionych elementów krajobrazu. Druga część obejmuje kilka innych przykładów z kartografii historycznej.

Granice i podziały administracyjne Królestwa Polskiego i Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów w XV–XVIII wieku

Author(s): Krzysztof Chłapowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2019

Sprawozdanie z działalności Komisji Geografii Historycznej Polskiego Towarzystwa Historycznego za rok 2018

Author(s): Michał Gochna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2019

Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie wysokości cen żyta, pszenicy, jęczmienia i owsa na terenie Królestwa Polskiego w lustracjach królewszczyzn z lat 1564–1565

Author(s): Krzysztof Boroda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2019

Artykuł jest analizą przestrzennego rozmieszczenia cen czterech zbóż (pszenicy, żyta, jęczmienia i owsa) opracowanego na podstawie informacji zawartych w lustracjach majątków królewskich. Porusza także problem ich wiarygodności. Zgromadzone dane obejmują całe terytorium Królestwa Polskiego w granicach sprzed 1569 r. oraz włączone do niego w 1569 r. Podlasie.

Spatial Humanities 2018 – Lancaster, 20–21 września 2018 r.

Author(s): Arkadiusz Borek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2019