Археолошке теме у будућим византолошким истраживањима у Србији

Author(s): Vesna Bikić,Marko Popović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

On the whole, archaeological investigation to date has been extensive and varied in character, ranging from small-scale trial excavations, usually aimed at obtaining basic information about particular sites, and excavations within conservation and restoration projects, to long-term systematic excavations. Consequently, the obtained results vary in value. The best explored so far are the sites in the Danube basin and southwest Serbia, while the archaeological picture of other regions is much vaguer. Despite this disproportion, the results of fieldwork and post-fieldwork analysis provide a solid basis for designing a few major research projects, the final outcome of which is expected to have the value of first-rate historical sources. On this occasion, three projects chronologically corresponding to major phases of Byzantine political, economic and cultural history are proposed. First project is early-Byzantine, encompassing topics relating to fortifications and defence systems, the provisioning of garrisons and trade in general, models and characteristics of planned urbanization and church organization. Second project would deal with topics relating to the period of restored Byzantine control over the Balkans in the 11th and 12th centuries, such as military and administrative seats on the Empire’s re-established border, the Archbishopric of Ohrid, especially the issues such as Christianization and the extent of Byzantinization, including the identification of the symbiosis and distinguishing between Byzantine influence and Slavic legacy. Third project would focus on exploring Byzantine urban and proto-urban centres within the medieval Serbian state, involving programmes of physical and chemical analyses of the recovered archaeological material, which may provide key answers to questions concerning the nature of the economy and trade between the Byzantine core areas and the Balkans. The proposed archaeological projects are expected to come up with some answers to central questions in the field of Byzantine studies. In that sense, the early-Byzantine topics are fully in tune with current concerns within Byzantine studies in Europe, and will make a significant contribution to them. On the other hand, the proposed middle and late Byzantine projects fit into the concerns of Balkan Byzantinology and, as such, have a strong potential for improving the understanding of architecture, culture and art in the Byzantine Balkan provinces. Given that Byzantine archaeology forms an integral part of national archaeology in Serbia, these projects are expected to result in a significant, if not landmark, contribution to understanding the complexity of medieval Serbian culture in general and the decorative arts in particular. In that sense, apart from research based on the archaeological methods, programmes of physical and chemical analyses of products, semi-products and raw materials are proposed for all topics. In addition to identifying the nature of the economy and trade between the Byzantine core areas and the Balkans, such analyses should help clarify technological aspects, i.e. differences and similarities between Byzantine products and contemporary domestic products modelled after them, as well as artefacts of a later date relied on Byzantine technology and style. Of course, publication of excavation and post-excavation results, and the study of artefacts belonging to the Byzantine cultural orbit by origin or inspiration, remain the first and foremost prerequisite for accomplishing the defined project goals.

Oбществената баня като фактор за формиране на локална идентичност. XX – началото на XXI век (По примера на столичния квартал „Горна баня“)

Author(s): Stamen Kanev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

This article is part of ethnological research on the role and function of the public baths in the urban space. It was held in 2017 in the Gorna Banya district in Sofia. In this publication the public baths are seen as one of the markers that construct local identity. In the beginning of the 20th century, the old Ottoman baths were destroyed and new ones were built, which have been preserved to present day in the centre of Gorna banya. The baths are part of the everyday life of the local people. They use their resources for drinking, cooking, washing, but also for trade and medicinal purposes. Furthermore, they continue to observe some traditional family and calendar customs around the public baths.Although the doors of the baths are closed, the square in front of them continues to play a central role in public life. This is evidenced, on the one hand, by the annual celebrations, and on the other hand, by the ordinary people who organize gatherings in front of the public baths via Facebook. The public baths continue to be a central place around which life in the neighbouhood is organized. The local authorities are looking for different ways to fund the restoration of the old building.

The Demographic Trends on Pension Systems in Romania

Author(s): Tudor Colomeischi,Eugenia Iancu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Within national pension systems, the role of private pensions tends to become increasingly important. In support of this idea, we recall the conclusion that has been made by research that has taken place over time that the value of private pension fund assets has risen on average by 11.5% annually. The impressive value of assets becomes extremely tempting for investors who see extremely good long-term investment opportunities if we consider the amounts traded.The Romanian pension system has entered a continuous process of change, not always with positive consequences on the level of pensions. The truly significant reforms have only emerged since 2000, being favored by the country's accession to the European Union. Unlike other states, in Romanian the 2008 crisis affected the pension system especially in its public component.Private funds have resisted fairly well the problems that have arisen, partly because of the extremely prudent investment policy. The paper attempts to capture the pressures on pension systems, also making a series of forecasts on future developments in different hypotheses of the economic and social context.

IX Дриновски четения „Черно море и Причерноморието като контактна зона на цивилизациите и културите“

Author(s): Mihail Stanchev,Sergey Strashniuk / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 37/2018

Statul – Element fundamental pentru studiul relațiilor internaționale și științelor securității. Repere istorice privind evoluția conceptului de stat.

Author(s): Dragoș - Adrian Bantaș,Ionela Cuciureanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 12/2019

Most international relations theorists regard the state as their primary actor, and the security concept is based too upon the society in its state form. However, the present phase of state existence, was only achieved after an extensive process of human societies' development in this direction, and the current state form, in its turn, is not definitive, as the state-organized societies are still in a continuous process of evolution, characterized by permanent change. In this paper we shall analyze how human societies have traversed the transition from the early stage, based on the itinerant exploitation of natural resources, which requires only an incipient organization,to the proto-state societies, and then, in a later process, we will continue our analysis until we find the model of state that we meet today.

Едно почти етнографско изследване на с. Байкалско, Радомирско (Подбран материал за издаване на алманах)

Author(s): Dimitar Dobrevski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 17/2019

To write this material I was provoked by my love for the history and traditions of the place I have chosen to build a villa. For years, I have been gathering material from the stories of the local’s neighbors. Then I went through the existing scientific publications.

Partition, Violence and Humanism in Tabish Khair’s Filming

Author(s): Om Prakash Dwivedi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Tabish Khair’s novel, Filming (2007), highlights many deeply vexed issues that are central to any discussion on colonial/postcolonial humanism. The novel presents the film industry of Hindustan and the lives of people associated with this charismatic industry. It also deals with the maltreatment of women and the manner in which their voices are muffled by the male chauvinistic society, thus making them the subaltern that cannot speak, or if they do manage to speak, they are brusquely silenced, because it questions the authority of those in power, and concomitantly tries to reroute the established power relations, and hence these voices and demands are to be viewed as something that deserves immediate disapproval and censorship.

Проявления на страшното в чешки и български фолклорни приказки

Author(s): Rosina Kokudeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2020

This article aims to explore the manifestations of horror in Czech and Bulgarian folk tales. Various demonic characters, which are typical of Czech and Bulgarian folklore are compared, аnd the focus being placed on man’s encounter with the supernatural being and the fearful situation that it gives rise to. The function of the scary character in these plots is predominantly harmful and is built on the conflict between man and demon. The presence of the scary is universal and has its own peculiarities in the various folklore genres, and in fairy tales we can highlight the following functions: entertaining, ethical, pedagogical (didactic), therapeutic and cognitive.

Written Sources on 17th-century Russian Icons in the Orthodox East:

Author(s): Nadezhda Chesnokova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

Au 5VIIe siècle, les icônes russes avaient déjà gagné les régions post-byzantines sous domination o1o- mane de l’Orient chrétien : les contrées grecques et balkaniques, l’Afrique du Nord et l’Asie Mineure, Crète, Chy- pre, la Palestine, la Syrie et le Liban. Les archives (peu étudiées) témoignent d’une exportation élevée de peintures religieuses russes dans l’espace méditerranéen. Une grande partie de ce1e documentation se trouve aux Archives Nationales des Actes Anciens de Russie (RCODo). Ces documents ayant appartenu autrefois à l’administration diplomatique, Posol’skij Prikaz, sont conservés dans le Fonds 52 et concernent les relations entre la Russie et les centres ecclésiastiques orthodoxes situés dans l’Empire o1oman. Au 5VIIe siècle, les œuvres russes qui circu- laient en Orient étaient en grande partie le fruit des activités évergétiques des grands princes et des tsars, mais le commerce jouait aussi un rôle important dans leur transmission. À en juger par le grand nombre d’oeuvres qu’ils possédaient, leur qualité artistique et leur coût de production élevé, les patriarches devaient être les commandi- taires les plus importants. Cependant, les émissaires du tsar se rendaient en Orient pour diverses missions et apportaient également des icônes. Les Grecs qui vivaient en Russie ou qui y séjournaient longtemps envoyaient, eux aussi, des icônes russes dans leur patrie. Enfin, les icônes russes étaient exportées par les marchands grecs. À Moscou, les étrangers pouvaient commander les icônes directement auprès des peintres ou les acheter sur le marché. Les archives conservent encore des nombreux testaments de Grecs décédés à Moscou, riches en informa- tions quant aux icônes russes qu’ils ont eues en leur possession. Un bon nombre de maîtres russes ont travaillé à l’étranger, en particulier dans les Principautés de Valachie et de Moldavie. Certains étaient peintres d’églises, mais d’autres peignaient des icônes sur commande. Ces icônes passaient de main en main, au sein des familles ; étaient léguées par testament ; faisaient l’objet de dons envers les églises et les monastères ; etc. Les voies d’exportation des icônes russes vers l’étranger étaient donc des plus diverses. Les documents d’archive ne cessent pas de sur- prendre avec une variété de nouvelles informations à leur sujet.

Russian Sacred Objects in the Orthodox East

Author(s): Lora Gerd / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

La tradition du soutien russe aux églises orthodoxes de l’Orient et des Balkans a commencé a XVIe siècle et s’est poursuivie jusqu’en 1917. Au niveau gouvernemental, l’aide matérielle a été réduite et réglementée au XVIIIIe siècle, mais elle a gagné en générosité après 1830, en rapport avec l’évolution de la Lestion d’Orient et la rivalité des grandes puissances engagées au Moyen-Orient. L’article étudie le caractère et la distribution géographique du soutien de l’Église et du gouvernement russes, tout en observant que ces traits ont évolué dans le temps et qu’ils ont été in*uencés par les tendances politiques de certaines périodes. Il étudie aussi les nombreuses donations privées issues des pèlerinages en Terre Sainte et faites aux monastères d’Orient, aussi bien que celles résultant des relations personnelles avec le haut clergé. La tendance générale à augmenter les sommes et les dons jusqu’à la Première Guerre mondiale a été le résultat de la montée de la tension au Moyen-Orient et dans la Méditerranée orientale.

Drumul României în Primul Război Mondial

Author(s): Marian Tucă / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Nicolae Iorga și Marea Unire. Contribuții geoistorice și geopolitice

Author(s): Clara Nae / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

România între anii 1918-1944

Author(s): Beatrice Avram / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Populația României în perioada interbelică

Author(s): Bogdan Țebrean / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Economia României în perioada interbelică

Author(s): Cătălin Constantinescu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

România în timpul regimului comunist

Author(s): Roxana Matei / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

România după 1989

Author(s): Laura-Iulia Ciupercă / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Relațiile României cu vecinii (1918-2018)

Author(s): Alina Gherghina / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Гробът на Хаджи Димитър e под връх Хаджи Димитър в Стара планина

Author(s): Vera Boneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The article presents archival materials and other historical sources which keep primary information about the death and funeral of the famous Bulgarian rebel leader Hadzhi Dimitar Asenov (1840 – 1868) who originates from the town of Sliven. The widely accepted thesis that Hadzhi Dimitar was deadly shot during the Buzludzha battle (18th July 1868) and was buried at the place of the battle has been proven once again by bringing new motives and logical arguments. The funeral of the famous revolutionary on the Buzludzha peak (named in 1942 Hadzhi Dimitar peak) has been confirmed with memorial and archaeological pieces of evidence. Both re-burials of the fallen heroes (1898 and 1961) provide additional data in that direction. Despite scientific argumentation of the said thesis, the article also interprets some uncertain and contradictory evidence about the eventual death of Hadzhi Dimitar on the Kadrafil peak, located in the Sredna gora mountain – 50 km away from Bualudzha peak in the Stara planina mountain. Neither factual nor logical arguments of this legend withstand scientific criticism. Nevertheless, they are persistently popularized by local patriots, originating mainly from the village Svezhen (formerly called Ajar – until 1934). Furthermore, supporters of the so called Adjar's legend are trying to give national status of their unscientific claims about the death and burial of the famous revolutionary leader Hadzhi Dimitar Asenov. Their unjustified actions are conceptualized in the scientific context of the cultural memory theory. The dispute between the scientific version and the Adjar's legend is explained by the different approaches of historical science and cultural memory toward a single fact from the past – the last moments of a national hero's life. The professional historiography works with objective facts, scientific methods and logical arguments. Cultural memory attracts convenient hypotheses, mythological plots and unprovable local memories.

The Idea of Kyiv as a New Jerusalem in the Murals of the Church of the Saviour at Berestove (1643–1644)

Author(s): Alina Kondratiuk / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2023

Ajunsă în stare de ruină, biserica Mântuitorului de la Berestovo a fost restaurată între 1643–1644 de mitropolitul Petru Movilă al Kievului, cu intenția de a-l comemora pe prințul Volodymyr, sfânt și egal cu apostolii, cel prin care a fost botezată Rusia kieviană. Pictura murală și inscripțiile reflectă ideea transformării Kievului într-un oraș sfânt, un nou Ierusalim și, în același timp, indică succesiunea neîntreruptă a autorității mitropolitane stabilită de prințul Volodymyr. Această decorație murală realizată în secolul al XVII-lea urmează programe iconografice mult mai vechi, asemănându-se cu cele din vremea Renașterii macedonene. Tabloul votiv îi înfățișează pe Născătoarea de Dumnezeu, pe prințul Volodymyr și pe Petru Movilă stând înaintea lui Hristos, Movilă fiind cel care îi prezintă Mântuitorului macheta bisericii restaurate. O analiză comparată permite afirmația că noua pictură a bisericii Mântuitorului a avut ca model ansamblul monumental al bisericii Sfânta Sofia din Kiev, datând din secolul al XI-lea. Puternica insistență asupra temei Încarnării, tipică polemicilor post-iconoclaste, a fost inspirată de imaginea în mozaic a Maicii Domnului Orantă din catedrala Sfânta Sofia și de inscripția care o însoțește și care reproduce versetul 6 al Psalmului 45. Imaginarea Kievului ca Nou Ierusalim și punerea lui sub protecția Maicii Domnului au fost gândite de Petru Movilă ca pietre de temelie ale efortului său de reactivare a Mitropoliei Kievului.