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Grzyby Pola Mokotowskiego w Warszawie

Author(s): Marta Wrzosek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

Preliminary inventory of the fungi from the Pola Mokotowskie – city park in Warsaw (Mokotów Field) in Poland was carried out in 2015–2019, but particularly insightful in 2016. In 2016, soil samples were taken and the composition of soil mycocoenosis was analyzed, while in other periods the focus was set on the macromycetes. The largest number of mushrooms, toadstools, and hoof fungi was recorded in the autumn of 2017. In total, 54 species of large asco-, and basidiomycetous fungi were identified, several macroscopic molds (ex. Trichoderma sp.) and 61 taxa of micromycetes obtained from soil samples in the laboratory. Plant pathogens have also been sporadically recorded – in particular, those whose identification did not require specific laboratory tests. Concerning other green areas of Warsaw, Pole Mokotowskie appears as a refugium of forest mushrooms. However, meadow mycocoenosis are very scarce.

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Flora parku Pole Mokotowskie w Warszawie

Author(s): Barbara Sudnik-Wójcikowswska,Krystyna Jędrzejewska-Szmek,Piotr Sikorski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The history of the Pole Mokotowskie – city park in Warsaw, has strongly influenced its flora. Its fertile habitats of oak-lime-hornbeam forests, two hundred years ago were occupied by farmlands, later converted into Russian military areas, a horse racing track, and even an airport. As a result, today’s Pole Mokotowskie has a rich flora (over 350 species) and is covered by forests planted no more than 70 years ago (native and alien tree species, most occurring due to natural regeneration). Forest undergrowth has slightly recovered. Nearly half of the flora are species typical for meadows, grasslands and lawns. The most interesting and richest in plant species area is the moderately moist meadow located in the southern part of the park, usually mown once a year. Also introduction of so-called “flower meadow” was perform in part of the area but appeared to be little successful experiment, which only temporarily enriched the flora of the park in colourfully blooming annual species. The share of alien species, mainly ruderals, occupying the margins, roadsides, abandoned sports facilities and the immediate vicinity of buildings, is slightly lower in the park’s flora than in the flora of Warsaw.

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Roślinność parku Pole Mokotowskie w Warszawie

Author(s): Piotr Sikorski,Barbara Sudnik-Wójcikowswska,Karolina Kais / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

On the basis of the actual vegetation map and analysis of phytosociological relevés from years 1985– 2013, the current state of green areas of the Pole Mokotowskie park in Warsaw is presented along with its structure transformation in the selected plant communities patches. The park is composed of intensively trampled grasslands and very young woodland patches created due to natural succession. The green areas of woodlands and lawns haven’t undergone significant changes over the course of last decades, despite the fact that potentially this time could suffice for the habitat to stabilize, by e.g. enrichment in number of species, which is frequently observed in similar objects. In the woodlands investigated the percentage of forest plant species was noted, followed by decline of plants associated with anthropogenic disturbances, which can be considered a positive change in the habitat. It is the effect of artificial vegetation enrichment in some places by introducing new plantings and decrease of mowing and turf raking intensity.

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Makrofauna bezkręgowa wód parku Pole Mokotowskie w Warszawie

Author(s): Andrzej Kołodziejczyk,Krzysztof Lewandowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The study was carried out in small, shallow, artificial water bodies in the Pole Mokotowskie park in Warsaw. Rich and diversified invertebrate macrofauna were found (in summer up to almost 3,000 individuals per m2 and total of 22 taxa). Despite the short time of existence of these water bodies (about 50 years), extreme environmental conditions (long periods of drying, lack of bottom sediments and almost total lack of macrophytes) and isolation from other waters, there are numerous organisms that spend their entire life cycle in the water – snails, bivalves and crustaceans; less leeches. The fauna of insects was numerous, but not very diverse; the oligochaetes were few. Two species from the Red List of invertebrate animals in Poland – the leech Dina lineata and bivalve Musculium lacustre were found.

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Pająki i kosarze Pola Mokotowskiego w Warszawie – dane wstępne

Author(s): Tomasz Rutkowski,Gema Trigos-Peral / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

Park Pole Mokotowskie, with its large extension (73 ha) and strategic situation, is one of the main recreational areas in the city of Warsaw. This urban park has also become one of the main biodiversity refuge within this urbanized habitat. These two factors make of this park a place worth to be studied and conserved. With these aim, we have carried out the preliminary study of the arachnofauna of the park by using pitfall traps as sampling method. As a result, we found 25 species of spiders and 7 species of harvestman. Among them, the presence of two species of special relevance due their invasive character has been confirmed: Nelima sempronii and Opilio canestrinii.

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Biedronkowate (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Pola Mokotowskiego w Warszawie

Author(s): Piotr Ceryngier,Jerzy Romanowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

Between 12 April and 17 October 2016, we surveyed the ladybird beetles in the western part of the Warsaw park Pole Mokotowskie. Altogether, we recorded 1073 ladybird individuals belonging to 23 species. The invasive harlequin ladybird (Harmonia axyridis) was a very clear dominant, accounting for 64.6% of all recorded ladybirds. This species predominated in all habitat types distinguished by us: on deciduous trees and shrubs (73.5%), on coniferous trees (49%) and in the layer of herbaceous vegetation (24%). The majority of ladybird species recorded in this study commonly occur in Poland. Three species, Adalia

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Mrówki Pola Mokotowskiego w Warszawie

Author(s): Gema Trigos-Peral,Magdalena Witek,Wojciech Czechowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

Urbanization is associated with the strong transformation of natural habitats, thus the protection of city parks is absolutely required, as they are one of the most important refuges for biodiversity in an urban environment. Pole Mokotowskie (65 ha) is one of the biggest parks of Warsaw city with a high natural value. Therefore, research on the biodiversity was conducted there and ants were used as a bioindicator group. Ants are often use to assess the environmental quality of the anthropogenic environment and they serve to establish proper management procedures to protect biodiversity of parks. Our results clearly demonstrated that, park Pole Mokotowskie should be protected as it is very valuable natural green area of the city. We also proposed a number of modifications in management activities to increase the ecological role of this park as a refuge of biodiversity in Warsaw.

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Trzmiele i trzmielce (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini) w parku Pole Mokotowskie w Warszawie

Author(s): Barbara Zajdel,Kornelia Kucharska,Mikołaj Borański,Jakub Gąbka,Zbigniew Kamiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

Observations of bumblebees (Bombus) were conducted in Pole Mokotowskie Park in Warsaw from the beginning of April to the beginning of September 2016. In total, 598 individuals belonging to 6 species of bumblebees and 2 species of cuckoo bumblebees were registered. The most abundant species were: buff-tailed bumblebee (Terrestribombus Vogt, 1911) and red-tailed bumblebee (Bombus lapidarius (Linnaeus, 1758)). We found other species of bumblebee in the park such as B. pascuorum (Scopoli, 1763), B. pratorum (Linnaeus, 1761), B. hortorum (Linnaeus, 1761), B. hypnorum (Linnaeus, 1758), B. rupestris (Fabricius, 1793) i B. campestris (Panzer, 1801).

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Stawonogi naziemne w parku Pole Mokotowskie w Warszawie – dane wstępne

Author(s): Piotr Tykarski,Marta Dziedzioch,Filip Gabarkiewicz,Amelia Gazecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The material contains basic research data of studies of epigeic arthropod fauna of Pole Mokotowskie in Warsaw, conducted in 2016 using pitfall traps. Basic identification of all groups of the studied fauna was made (hexapods, arachnids, crustaceans, myriapods), of which the most diverse was the order of beetles. Herein, members of 21 families were found, and the detailed analysis was performed for families of ground beetles and weevils (sensu lato) – 22 and 17 species, respectively.

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Występowanie wybranych gatunków ssaków na terenie parku Pole Mokotowskie w Warszawie

Author(s): Dagny Krauze-Gryz,Jakub Gryz,Natalia Wrotek,Michalina Zosicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The aim of the study was to assess species diversity of mammals (other than small rodents) which inhabit Pole Mokotowskie Park in Warsaw. Field study was done in the years 2016–2018, supplemented with the archival data. Standard procedures based on direct observations, snow tracking and detection of any signs of animals (i.e. scats, molehills, dens, feeding signs). In the area under study, or in its close vicinity, six mammal species were registered: red fox Vulpes vulpes, stone marten Martes foina, European mole Talpa europaea, red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris, hedgehog Erinaceus sp., brown hare Lepus europaeus. Bearing in mind that a park is located in the city centre, its quite unnatural character, and high penetration by people and dogs, it can be said that mammal fauna of the park is relatively rich.

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Determination of essential elements and trace heavy metals in agricrops by photoneutron activation analysis and X-ray fluorescence methods

Author(s): Cristiana Oprea,Cosmin Tudor Ciocan,Alexandru Oprea,Marina V. Gustova,Oleg D Maslov,Anatoly G. Belov,Pavel J. Szalansky,Ruxandra Ciofu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Applicative researches in the field of environmental protection like X-ray fluorescence analysis, neutron activation analysis, and other methods, present real increasing importance related to the climate changes that can be observed nowadays. Scientific methods will enter step by step in our life, first of all, due to the accelerated technological development and due to the objective motivations of environmental monitoring necessary to take correct measures for the preservation and protection of nature on the Earth. Determination of some inorganic components, mainly heavy metals, in agricultural crops, is frequently required in health-related environmental studies, due to the high toxicity of trace amounts of such elements for the human organism. The main sources of trace elements to agricrops are their growing media, as soil-water-air ecosystem from which those nutrients are taken up by the root to the foliage. The goal of the present research was to determine the extent to which industrial inorganic pollutants are transferred to the crops. It was achieved by using multielement techniques as photon neutron activation method and X-ray fluorescence methods and statistical modeling in order to determine levels, pathways, and fate of toxic and non-toxic bioactive elements in selected agricrops along with the root soil. Some of the experimental trace metal values exceeded the threshold established by Romanian and EU regulations to protect vegetation and explain the estimated significant crop losses. Multivariate modeling by factor analysis and neural network simulation of the elemental concentration data showed always the component loaded with specific elements coming from industrial emissions. These kinds of studies are very requested regarding the vegetable meant for the human diet.

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MOGUĆNOSTI ZA RAZVOJ KONGRESNOG TURIZMA NA ZLATIBORU

Author(s): Anđela Bučić,Marija Cimbaljević,Valentina Janković / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Business tourism takes up a very significant place in tourist economy and it achieves the fastest and biggest growth when it comes to economic effects. A great number of people travels to a certain tourist destination for various business related reasons. For the last couple of years, Serbia is becoming a very interesting destination for congress tourism, which is reflected in great investments in this type of tourism. Zlatibor is one of the most significant mountain centers in Serbia, and it also represents one of our biggest centers for congress tourism. Well-favoured location, high-quality infrastructure and professional staff have made their contribution to the development of Zlatibor as an important congress center of Serbia. Zlatibor has a variety of things to offer, so each and every spared moment could be spent in getting to know the mountain, as well as it’s surrounding places. A great number of congresses, seminars, and simposiums is held during the course of the entire year. Among the biggest congrees capacities on Zlatibor, the ones that particularly stand out are the Mona Hotel, Palisad Hotel, and the Medical centre Čigota.

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УТИЦАЈ ЛОВНОГ ТУРИЗМА НА ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЈУ ПРОСТОРА

Author(s): Igor Ponjiger,Dajana Lulić,Milutin Kovačević,Vladimir Marković,Milosava Matejević / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Precondition for a successful managing of hunting ground and competitiveness on the hunting tourism market is to have a certain number of healthy and trophy valuable game. Game management assumes a number of activities and certain measures in the hunting ground. In order to have appropriate conditions for game management as well as tourist accommodation it is necessary to have appropriate hunting facilities. Construction of these facilities can have a significant impact on appearance of a hunting ground unless it is done with a proper planing. Therefore it is up to the managers to reduce the negative impact on environment in the hunting ground and enable sustainable development. Purpose of this paper is to explain through the example of an open hunting ground how the managers affect the hunting ground and what impact does it have on spatial transformation in the hunting ground.

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АНАЛИЗА ШТЕТА ОД ШУМСКИХ ПОЖАРА У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ ЗА ПЕРИОД ОД 2010-2014. ГОДИНЕ

Author(s): Rada Šorak,Ivan Rvović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The topic of this paper is the analysis of wildfires that occurred in both private and state forests in the territory of the Republic of Serbia during the 2010-2014 period. A total of 428 fires has been registered, with a burned area of 10,844 ha, and 105,344 m3 of woody mass damaged. In terms of damage and consequences, wildfires are a global issue and demand the involvement of all institutions and social actors, as well as significant funding for their suppression and rehabilitation of burned areas. Wildfires are one of the most common natural disasters in the Republic of Serbia and present the main economic problem of our forestry, because they destroy vast forest areas, and at the same time are a major environmental issue. The goal of this paper is to draw attention to the frequency and consequences of wildfires and to highlight the importance of forests as a natural resource. Education of the population, especially the younger generations, is one way of reducing the risk of wildfires, because we must not forget that in over 95% of cases wildfires are caused by human activities.

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50 lat badań Instytutu Ekologii PAN nad populacjami gryzoni

Author(s): Gabriela Bujalska,Leszek Grüm,Wiera Walkowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2004

A review of rodent studies conducted in the Institute of Ecology is presented. The investigations took place both in the laboratory (mostly on Mus muscidus) and field conditions (first of all on Apodemus flavicollis, Clethrionomys glareolus and Microtus arvalis). The aim of the studies varied in time, and was always preceded by detailed, and often new, considerations on methods to be applied. Theoretical assumptions also evolved with time: from simple density-dependent approach to population demography, through the idea of the importance of population structures, to individualistic approach and neighborhood systems. A substantial part of the studies was aimed at interrelations between rodent species in heterogeneous habitats. The International Biological Program resulted in papers devoted to interrelations between rodent (secondary) productivity and basic habitat features (like food resources and their spatial distribution). Special attention was paid to confined populations, and among the long term (37 years) studies on a bank vole population inhabiting Crabapple Island.

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Polyphyly of the genus Stenurella (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae): Consensus of morphological and molecular data

Author(s): A. M. Zamoroka,S. Trócoli,V.Y. Shparyk,D.V. Semaniuk / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Stenurella genus is represented by nine small-sized and widely distributed Palaearctic species. Representatives of the genus play a key role in the pollination of wild angiosperms, accelerate the detritus cycle and make a significant contribution to the forest food web. A number of species with heterogeneous morphological features found within the single Stenurella genus indicate the need for revision of the taxonomy this genus. The previous attempt to resolve the intrageneric composition of Stenurella was rather artificial because it did not take into an account evolutionary relationships. In this study we tested the existing model of Stenurella intrageneric subdivision using both morphological and molecular approaches. Our results showed that the genus Stenurella is polyphyletic and consists of two unrelated clades. The first clade comprises six species (S. jaegeri, S. novercalis, S. bifasciata, S. melanura, S. hybridula and S. approximans) and the second includes three species (S. septempunctata, S. vaucheri and S. nigra). Moreover, we found that the second clade is closely related to Rutpela due to both morphological and molecular phylogeny. Based on our findings, we revised the present structure of the genus Stenurella and transferred three species of the second clade to the genus Rutpela, sensu novo. The genus Rutpela was redescribed in the light of our results. Furthermore, we subdivided the genus Stenurella, sensu nov. into two subgenera, Stenurella, subgen. sensu nov. and Priscostenurella, subgen. sensu nov., respectively. Also, the genus Rutpela, sensu nov. was subdivided into four subgenera including Nigrostenurella, Rutpela, Eduardvivesia, subgen. nov. and Nigromacularia, subgen. nov. The assessment of the place of Stenurella, sensu novo and Rutpela, sensu novo within Lepturini based on molecular phylogeny, showed that Stenurella, sensu novo belongs to the Anoploderabranch and Rutpela, sensu novo nested within the Leptura-branch. These together with morphological features confirmed our idea of the evolutionary distinctiveness of Stenurella, sensu novo and Rutpela, sensu novo. We assumed that the general external morphological similarity of Stenurella, sensu novo and Rutpela, sensu novo was the result of convergent evolution, driven by mimetic selection toward imitation of ants or wasps. Finally, our study establishes a natural phylogenetic taxonomy of Stenurella.

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Life cycle of Bilharziella polonica (Trematoda, Schistosomatidae) parasite of semi-aquatic birds in Uzbekistan

Author(s): F. Akramova,U. Shakarbaev,Z. Yorkulov,I. Arepbaev,A. Mirzaeva,Dilmurod Azimov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Schistosomatidae are an actively studied ecological group of trematodes. Their ability to cause various parasitic diseases in animals and humans makes them an interesting object of study for a number of research centres worldwide. One of the commonest species in this group is Bilharziella polonica (Kowalewsky, 1895), whose mature stages have been recorded in aquatic and semiaquatic birds in Uzbekistan. Our research team established that the following birds were infected with mature trematodes B. polonica: Anas platyrhynchos (23%), A. crecca (18%), Podiceps ruficollis (11%), Ardea cinerea (14%) and one individual of Oxyura leucocephala. The highest infection rate was shown by the mallard A. platyrhynchos (23%) and common teal A. crecca (18%). The infection intensity ranged between 2 and 27 individuals. Research into various types of water bodies in Karakalpakstan identified 10 mollusc species – Lymnaeidae (4 species), Planorbidae (4 species) and Physidae (2 species). Cercariae morphologically similar to larvae of B. polonica were found in two species, Planorbis planorbis and P. tangitarensis. 6 chicks of domestic ducks were experimentally infected with those cercariae to track the life cycle of B. polonica in the organism of a definitive host. Helmintholological dissections showed that every duck was infected with B. polonica, which became mature 23–27 days after the infection. Eggs of B. polonica were recorded in the excrement of one of the birds 33–35 days after the infection. Based on field and experimental research, we identify the mollusc P. tangitarensis as a new intermediate host for B. polonica in Uzbekistan.

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Zanieczyszczenie środowiska – stan, prognozy i wyzwania do 2030 roku (w świetle Laudato si' 43-61)

Author(s): Marta Pogrzeba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The review article comprehensively presents the state of the environment for three off its components: water, air and soil, in relation to existinglegislation, plans for environmental changes inEurope until 2030, but also scientific challengesin the European Research Area. It relates the informationon the state of the environment and theplan for global society, scientists and managers to Pope Francis’ encyclical Laudato si’, dedicatedto “Care for the Common Home”. Each of the environmental elements was discussed in the three contexts: legal acts regulating and defining the level of pollution, pollution in Europe and Poland, and a reference to Pope Francis’ encyclical as well as challenges for the future.

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Proces ocieplenia w Polsce – przebieg i przyczyny (1951–2018). Przejaw wewnętrznej dynamiki systemu klimatycznego czy proces antropogeniczny?

Author(s): Andrzej A. Marsz,Anna Styszyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The work discusses the course of the annual air temperature over Poland in the years 1951–2018, stating in it a sudden change of the regime that took place in 1987–1989. In the period 1951–1988 and 1931–1988 the annual temperature trend was zero, and the warming did not start until 1988, with the change of the temperature regime. The reason for the change in the thermal regime was an equally radical change in the macrocirculation conditions that took place as a result of the change in the phase of the thermohaline circulation in the North Atlantic. Explanation of the sequence of processes, which led to the increase in temperature, indicates that they are the result of the internal dynamics of the climate system and not a consequence of the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

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Zmiany wilgotności powietrza w Łodzi w latach 1966–2020 w świetle wybranych wskaźników

Author(s): Joanna Wibig,Ewelina Krawczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 170/2023

The aim of the study is to present changes in air humidity in central Poland in the years 1966–2000 in Łódź as an example. The values of air temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure from four observation terms, 00, 06, 12 and 18 UTC, were used. On this basis, the saturated vapour pressure, the current vapour pressure, and the saturation deficit were calculated. Then, the variability of these three indicators and relative humidity was examined. The variability of monthly and seasonal average values of humidity indices in four observation periods was presented, the trends in seasonal variability of humidity indices were calculated and the distribution functions of their distributions were compared in the midday period in three 15-year periods: 1966–1980, 1986–2000 and 2006–2020. It has been shown that the pressure of saturated water vapour is the highest in summer, the lowest in winter, and slightly higher in spring than in autumn at all times, except for the night. It increased significantly in the studied period as a result of the increase in air temperature. A comparison of the distributions in three 15-year periods shows a significant increase in the probability of occurrence of high values of saturation vapour pressure, even above 30hPa. The water vapour pressure in the air is highest in summer and lowest in winter, but in spring it is lower than in autumn. All trend coefficients are positive, but only less than half are statistically significant. A comparison of the distributions over three 15-year periods show a slight increase in the probability of higher values of the actual vapour pressure. The saturation deficit, as the difference between the previous two indicators, increases significantly. Its value in spring is significantly higher than in autumn. The trend is positive, especially in spring and summer, and the comparison of distributions shows that in the last 15 years the probability of high values of saturation deficit increased significantly. The course of relative humidity is the opposite of saturation deficit. In autumn, the relative humidity is definitely higher than in spring. The trend is down. To sum up, warming brings an increase in the capacity of the atmosphere for water vapour, a slight increase in the amount of water vapour in the air, but also a significant increase in saturation deficit and a decrease in relative humidity, which is particularly strong in spring in the first half of the growing season.

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