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Wydatki na dobra i usługi związane z rozwojem intelektualnym członków gospodarstw domowych z perspektywy wiejskich budżetów domowych

Author(s): Marlena Piekut / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

The article focuses on the analysis of the characteristics that determinespending on education in rural households, and compared the level of expenditure oneducation depending on where location. Includes households located in the largest citiesand villages. Despite the many transformations of the Polish countryside there are stillsignificant differences in spending on education between households of the cities and thecountryside

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Nierówności w poziomie rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego gmin wiejskich województwa łódzkiego

Author(s): Marcin Wójcik,Justyna Tomczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

The main aim of this article is to explain disparities in socio-economic development of rural communes in the Łódź region and to compare them to the results of studies conducted before Poland joined the European Union. The research resulted in the classification of rural communes in the Łódź region according to their level of socio-economic development. Statistical data were taken from the Local Data Bank, Central Statistical Office. The ranking of communes was compiled for 2008 and 2013, i.e. for the beginning and end of the development programming period in the European Union. Studies are dynamic, making it possible to present the changes in socio-economic development disparities. The results have shown that general development inequalities in rural areas of the region have decreased. In the time period chosen for the study (2008‒2013), there was an increase in the level of socio-economic development. The greatest increase in development level was noticed in rural communes located outside of the Łódź agglomeration, very often in the peripheral areas with dominant agricultural function. Some important elements of the socio-economic growth were increased investment expenses, higher overall expenses and, partially resulting from them, supplementation of basic infrastructural shortcomings (improved living conditions). The worsening demographic situation should be considered the greatest development problem for rural communes. It is obvious that further socio-economic transformations will be impacted by the decreasing share of children and youths, as well as mobile working age population.

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Wybrane inicjatywy z zakresu wspierania edukacji i ich wpływ na rozwój społeczno-ekonomiczny obszarów wiejskich Pomorza

Author(s): Gabriela Czapiewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

Education is all activities and processes to transferring knowledge and the shaping specific qualities and skills. In this article on example of Pomerania (Pomeranian and West Pomeranian voivodeships) are presented selected educational activities undertaken by local communities that affect the development of the Pomeranian village and create their image. There is depicted a general state education of research area. Primary and nursery schools dominate among educational institutions in rural areas so there is devoted to them most space in this paper. A kindergarten education became almost as important as the education that children receive in school nowadays. In the countryside kindergartens not only educates but also develop social skills increase educational opportunities support children’s individual learning needs and support parents. In Pomerania there are 2044 kindergartens including 45.8% in rural areas. The activity of selected organizations in the education of children and young people from rural communities was covered mainly by creating small schools and kindergartens, and specialization of the village. There is currently extremely important the acquisition of EU funds for developing a broadly defined rural education. Projects: „Little Kindergarten in Every Village”, „Little School” and the action taken by the „Kashubian Sunflowers” or the Association „Speranda” can mention among the most interesting projects implemented in the rural areas of Pomerania. Established educational institutions are the local development centers.

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Dostępność komunikacyjna transportem zbiorowym w Rzeszowie i Olsztynie w 2013 z możliwością poprawy po 2020 roku

Author(s): Sławomir Goliszek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The article addresses the issue of improving the accessibility of public transport,assuming that infrastructure investments co-financed within the 2007–2013 and 2014–2020 EU financial perspectives have been so far and are expected to remain their primestimulus. Accessibility of public transport has been presented using the GIS tools. Theanalysis compares the accessibility of public transport between the two urban centers ofOlsztyn and Rzeszów, which benefit from the Development Programme of EasternPoland. Number of residents in the two examined cities is similar, in Rzeszów 184, and inOlsztyn 175 thousand (2013). Similar population size corresponds to a comparabledemand for public transport. For the purpose of analysis concerning the improvement inaccessibility the two following dates have been appointed: the year 2013 as a referencepoint (part of investment within the EU 2007–2013 was partly completed) and 2020(as a state after the completion of investment of the 2014–2020 financial perspective).Accessibility of public transport has been presented by the isochrones to the communicationscenter of Olsztyn and Rzeszów (railway station), which are the planned intermodaltrain/bus station. The main objective of this study is to assess to what extent EU fundsaffect the improvement of accessibility for urban residents and to indicate in which of theanalyzed urban center investments supporting public transport are anticipated to bring themost desired results. Improvement of public transport accessibility has been expressed inthe number of inhabitants, area and population density located within the distance of timeintervals (isochrones).

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An introductory study of perceptual marginality in Slovakia

Author(s): Roman Mikuš,Lucia Máliková,Viliam Lauko / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2016

The existence of marginal regions is closely linked to the socio-spatial polarisation of our society. Especially in the post socialist countries, including Slovakia, which have undergone significant social and economic transformation, spatial polarisation and related regional disparities have become a relevant issue across multidisciplinary academic research. This study focuses on similarities and differences in defining the marginality from two different perspectives - one that is based on quantification of statistical data and another based on individual perception of marginality from the position of local mayors. Local mayors, the main figures of the local governance, have in the Slovak system of administration huge responsibility in the development of communes and a great opportunity to improve the status of certain communes, especially those marginal. At the same time this study investigates how the political affiliation and political support affect their competencies and activities in relation to the marginal position of their commune.

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Evaluation of spatial differentiation in the Pilsen region from a socioeconomic perspective

Author(s): Marie Novotná,Marta Šlehoferová,Alena Matušková / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2016

The main objective of this article is to evaluate spatial differentiation in the Pilsen region in the Czech Republic, to create a typology of territorial units, and to evaluate the potential for development and possible threats to development in relation to individual territorial types. To this end, municipal statistical indicators pertaining to population, employment, and economy, were gathered from each of the given territories. The Voronoi map technique was applied to interpolate the values of selected indicators. The typology was created using one of the multivariate statistical methods, namely, the cluster analysis. Furthermore, typological regions and strategies for their development were created.

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Urbanization processes related to the development of residential functions in gminas adjacent to the city of Olsztyn

Author(s): Agnieszka Szczepańska / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2016

Political transformations in Poland have led to rapid suburbanization. Suburbias are beginning to develop functions and services characteristic of urban areas. The highest rate of growth is noted in residential development, in particular in the segment of single-family homes. Those developments bring about changes in demographics and social infrastructure. This study analyzes 4,000 real estate transactions conducted in 2007-2014, involving land plots zoned for residential construction, in order to determine the spatial changes that take place in the gminas adjacent to the city of Olsztyn, in view of the development of the local real estate market. The major trends relating to the number of concluded transactions, changes in real estate prices over time, the number of completed construction projects (new single-family homes) and changes in land-use structure are described. Demographic and social changes that inevitably follow from urbanization are described in the analyzed gminas. The results of this study will be used to determine whether Olsztyn's suburbias are merely "bedroom communities" or whether they constitute autonomous territorial units.

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Geomarketing As A Tool For Health Service Business: Private Hospital Application

Author(s): Özlem Atalik,Hakan Uyguçgil / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Geomarketing, a new way of knowledge-based marketing, integrates geographic analysis, reasoning, and technology for the improvement of the business judgmental decision. Geomarketing can help you find out who your best customers are and apply geographic analysis techniques to discover where to find more of them. Solving almost any sales and marketing challenge start with knowing who your customer is. Therefore; private hospitals, as commercial businesses with huge investments, also need to find out their best customers and discover where to find more of them. In other words, private hospitals also need customer profiling with geomarketing tools. In this context, the aim of this study is to analyze spatial density, based on the demographic characteristics of customers of private hospitals. A small private hospital, located in Eskisehir city center was chosen for this study. In one year period, the address locations, frequency of visits, clinic choices and neighborhood concentrations of the patients, due to the demographic characteristics, were examined using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) from the hospital patient records.

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Toponyms with Repetition of a Word-Formation Element as Rudiments of Ancient Thinking

Author(s): Zinaida Pakholok / Language(s): English Issue: 96/2023

The article deals with toponyms with the repetition of a word-formation element. Etymological analysis allows us to establish the repetition of a syllable, a root morpheme, a word in aboriginal and standardized toponyms. The main classification word-formation models based on the properties of the toponymic material are determined. Attention is focused on the basic structure of appellatives, which were a reflection of ancient thinking and the basis for the emergence of onyms in the process of nominating natural objects. The geography of the given examples covers different continents.

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The TE33A Series Diesel Locomotive Brake Equipment Tests

Author(s): Seidulla Abdullayev / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

The purpose of the article was to present the results of braking equipment testing and determination of the adequacy of compressed air production of the braking system when the train is loaded. Experimental tests of the braking system of TE33A diesel locomotive in a goods train are performed. According to the initial data the main parameters of the braking system in the empty and loaded train were evaluated. As a result of tests, and according to the calculated data, the dependences of the volume of the main reservoirs, and the dependences of the required compressor capacity, on the number of axles have been obtained. It has been established that the braking system operation in release modes for a 400-axle train corresponds to the operating conditions and the main requirements of the normative documents.

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Examining the Effect of Geometric Design Features on the Speed in Horizontal Curve on Mountain Road

Author(s): Ehsan Ramezani-Khansari,Fereidoon Moghadas Nejad,Sina Moogehi / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

In this study, the effect of five geometric design features, including radius, superelevation, longitudinal grade, lane and shoulder width, on the average speed in the horizontal curve on a two-lane undivided rural road was investigated. The standardized regression coefficients showed that the most important factor affecting the speed was the radius (10.47) followed by the longitudinal grade (4.46). Superelevation and lane width had little effect. Shoulder width had no significant effect. This would be due to the wide width of the lanes. It was found that the relationships between speed and radius, longitudinal grade, superelevation and lane width were radical, quadratic, linear and linear, respectively. Increasing the longitudinal grade has increased the speed of the drivers. Increasing the superelevation was effective when its value changed from negative to positive.

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Pominutelné a vecné. O prezentácii kultúrneho dedicstva a krestanskej tradícii tribecského spolocenstva

Author(s): Stanislava Bönde Gogová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2022

One of the ways to get to know our ancestors’ life in the context of nature is to visit educational sites and nature trails. This form of presentation is unobtrusive and, for a person with an interest in natural and cultural heritage, very informative. It informs us about the main components of nature and cultural landscapes as timeless places of life and death. Historic landscape structures as a space of communication of the ephemeral with the eternal, offers a variety of cultural, historical, sacred or monumental objects. The present paper brings closer the presentation of selected monuments of cultural and natural heritage of the Klátova Nová Ves micro-region, which can become a suitable tool for learning about the national identity, cultural and Christian tradition of the Tribec community.

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Тайните на една температурна аномалия

Author(s): Desislava Teneva,Angel Manev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

In the proposed development, the stages of the analysis of a temperature anomaly on the surface of the Black Sea are followed. Specific features of the anomaly are discussed, such as its uniqueness, and it is shown on the satellite-based data from the NOAA and TOMS platforms over 14 years. The connections of the anomaly with other physical phenomena, which are possibly the basis of its genesis, are investigated. The complex approach to satellite measurements and other temperature deviations on the surface of large water basins is shown.

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School Geography and Sustainability Education in Romania –Teachers’ Views

Author(s): Mona Lissa Chiriac,Corneliu Iațu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

As a signatory of Agenda 2030, Romania assumed the responsibility to work towards reaching the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but studies about the need to integrate education for sustainable development into the national curriculum are rare. Though steps towards sustainability have been made, sustainability education is lagging behind without a clear vision of whether it should be integrated into the formal education system, and how and where it fits. Our study appraised the perspectives of 38 geography upper secondary school teachers in Romania regarding the sustainable themes of interest to them, the importance of teaching SD via school geography, their self-assessed knowledge of sustainability concepts and their readiness in learning more about sustainable development (SD). Through an online questionnaire-based survey we found that teachers consider topics such as climate change or alternative sources of energy as more relevant than innovation and technology for SD or Responsible global production and consumption. We also identified a strong belief that SD is important in educating our young and that geography is the subject viewed as the most appropriate in promoting education for sustainable development (ESD). Overwhelmingly, teachers showed great interest in participating in professional development courses about SD.

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Gavin Bowd - Un geograf francez si România: Emmanuel de Martonne (1873–1955) (A French geographer and Romania: Emmanuel de Martonne, 1873–1955)

Author(s): Alexandru Păcurar / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

Review of: Gavin Bowd - Un geograf francez si România: Emmanuel de Martonne (1873–1955) (A French geographer and Romania: Emmanuel de Martonne, 1873–1955) Translated from the French by An-Maria Stan Cluj-Napoca: Presa Universitarã Clujeanã, 2023.

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Die Umsetzung der Waldordnung 1781 im Südosten Siebenbürgen

Author(s): Dorin-Ioan Rus / Language(s): German Issue: Suppl. 1/2024

The aim of this article was to analyze how the forest order was implemented in 1781 in the wooded areas of southeastern Transylvania, which aspects of the Forest Act were taken into account, and what were the limits of its implementation. In some districts, it was not necessary to introduce the clearcutting system, since there was enough forested land. Most of the problems concerned the prohibition of cattle in the forests, followed by the employment of forest rangers and cattle herders. The implementation highlighted the importance of oak trees. The Austro–Turkish war of 1788 prevented the full implementation of the forestry plans.

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Le cadre historico-géographique des Trois Sièges au XVIIIe siècle et dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle

Author(s): Tatiana Scurtu / Language(s): French Issue: Suppl. 1/2024

Háromszék (Trei Scaune, Three Seats) was one of the Székely (Szekler) seats and counties, an administrative unit of the historical Székely Land (Székelyföld, Szeklerland, Terra Siculorum). The presentation of the historical and geographical framework of the Intra-Carpathian Arc area reveals the main characteristics and useful information on the influence of all factors (historical development, position, relief, climate, hydrography, vegetation and fauna) on the economic and social life of the localities and on the main occupations of the inhabitants. The life of the Romanians in eastern Transylvania was strongly marked by the extensive process of Magyarization, which took place over several centuries. A specific feature of the Romanian communities in the former seat and county of Háromszék is the small number of members. In such circumstances, the preservation and affirmation of the Romanian national identity was ensured both through their own forces, but also thanks to the solidarity of the Romanians from the entire Romanian area with the Romanians from the Intra-Carpathian Arc, through the support given to the main identity institutions: church, school, culture.

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An Ontological Generator of Knowledge Tests from Texts on the Example of the Knowledge of the Geography of Poland

Author(s): Krzysztof Pancerz,Andrzej Burda,Piotr Grochowalski,Wiesław Paja / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

In the paper, we describe the construction of a prototype of an ontological generator of knowledge tests from texts. Closed-ended questions for knowledge tests are generated on the basis of key concepts extracted from texts as well as on the basis of the knowledge structures represented in the form of the OWL ontology. The OWL ontology, presented in the paper as an example, covers selected issues in the field of the geography of Poland. All of the important stages in the presented research are depicted — i.e., the creation of the OWL ontology, among others, on the basis of the publicly available information resources, developing a mechanism for generating the questions, and a prototypical implementation of the generator.

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Sugestii generale asupra geologiei Interfluviului Nistru-Prut

Author(s): Valerian Ciobotaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 28/2018

The article discusses the main aspects of the geology of the Dniester-Prut interfluvial, most of which belongs to the Republic of Moldova. In the Museum of Ethnography and Natural History, the geology of the Republic of Moldova is presented relatively complete; however, a brief and concise explanation of the evolution of the crust of the region still does not exist. The purpose of this work is to familiarize museum visitors and the public with the general provisions of the geology of our country.

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Biosférické rezervácie ako zdroj pozitívnych externalít

Author(s): Katarína Vitálišová,Mária Vavrušová,Katarína Sýkorová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2024

The advantages of protected areas mainly relate to the evaluation of ecosystem services which provide benefits to people. These affect various areas of life. From the perspective of economic theory, these are externalities. These are perceived as benefits or disadvantages that occur outside the market to another party. Based on the review of literature, this paper highlights the advantages of the biosphere reserves regarding the externalities that arise from their presence as a distinct type of area connecting the principles of environmental protection with suitable socio-economic development. The paper thus contributes to the development of theoretical knowledge, given that this is a poorly researched issue, but at the same time very topical due to climate change and its negative impacts on nature and humans.

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