Zanik polan i wrzosowisk we francuskich lasach państwowych w XIX w.

Author(s): Xavier Rochel / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

Polany, wrzosowiska czy pastwiska były niegdyś powszechnymi elementami krajobrazu europejskich lasów. W celu ich odtworzenia oraz zrozumienia dawnej gospodarki leśnej, a także rozwoju plantacji drzew iglastych w lasach państwowych Orleanu zebrano i przeanalizowano kartograficzne i pisane źródła archiwalne z 2. poł. XIX w. Zawierają one ogromną ilość danych, w tym dotyczące wieku i gatunków drzew, informacje o polanach, gospodarce leśnej, drenażu itd. Dane te zostały zebrane i przeanalizowane z wykorzystaniem GIS. W badaniu nieistniejących już krajobrazów i ekosystemu geografia historyczna jest niezwykle użyteczna.

„Mapa jako narracja interpretacyjna”. XXIX Ogólnopolska Konferencja Historyków Kartografii – Wrocław, 24–26 września 2015 r.

Author(s): Jerzy Ostrowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

Mapping Probabilities of Precipitation Occurrence on the Territory of the Republic of Serbia by the Method of Indicator Kriging

Author(s): Jelena Luković,Branislav Bajat,Jelena Pandžić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2013

This paper presents the application of indicator kriging as a geostatistical method for the purpose of creating maps of precipitation occurrence probabilities on the territory of the Republic of Serbia for distinctive months during 2009. The difference between this approach to mapping and standard isohyetal maps, which describe precipitation intensity, lies in the fact that this approach points to the potential of the occurrence of a certain amount of precipitation at a specific location for a given time period.

Digital Analyses of Cartometric Fruska Gora Guidelines

Author(s): Aleksandar Valjarević,Dragica Živković / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2013

Modern geo morphological topography research have been using quantity statistic and cartographic methods for topographic relief features, mutual relief features, mutual connection analyses on the grounds of good quality numeric parameters etc. Topographic features are important for topographic activities are important for important natural activities. Important morphological characteristics are precisely at the angle of topography, hypsometry, and topography exposition and so on. Small yet unknown relief slants can deeply affect land configuration, hypsometry, topographic exposition etc. Expositions modify the light and heat of interconnected phenomena: soil and air temperature, soil disintegration, the length of vegetation period, the complexity of photosynthesis, the fruitfulness of agricultural crops, the height of snow limit etc.

Morphological and Hydrological Characteristics of the Serbian Border Zone Towards Bulgaria

Author(s): Nenad Živković,Predrag Đurović / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2013

Morphological and hydrological analyses of the characteristics of the Serbian border zone towards Bulgaria were performed. The morphological analysis included the mountain (Stara Planina, Tupižnica, Svrljiške Planine, Suva Planina and Vidlič), structural basin (Zaječar, Knjaževac, Svrljig and Bela Palanka) and valley (Veliki Timok, Beli Timok, Visočica, Dragovištica) parts. Within the hydrological analysis, the areas with the highest and lowest annual amount of precipitation were identified, as well as the hottest and coldest areas. The change of river basins runoff was analysed, as well as the distribution of waters throughout the year in the studied area. The most important elements of the water balance were shown and the hydrological characteristics of the karst terrain were analysed.

Degradation of Soil and Hydrological Conditions in the Peštan River Basin

Author(s): Ivan Novković,Milica Živanović / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2013

In the Peštan River Basin, the right tributary of the Kolubara River, a complex degradation of natural conditions has been expressed over the decades. The exploitation of lignite in the Kolubara Coal Basin, which is in large part located in the territory of this basin, as well as accompanying activities related to it, are the dominant activities that lead to the degradation of soil and hydrological conditions. If other land use types are added to this, it can be concluded that the land cover in the studied territory suffered significant negative changes. The above mentioned activities have led to land loss and deterioration of its quality, and the regulation works due to dislocation of the Kolubara watercourse into the Peštan riverbed have caused numerous degradation of landscapes, reduced the basin area and shortened its watercourse, led to morphological changes of the river network and deterioration of the surface water quality. The aim of this paper is to perform a geospatial analysis of all areas in which the degradation of soil and hydrological conditions is present, in order to prevent their further degradation and proper management of these areas.

Српска картографија - од инжењерске до дигиталне

Author(s): Dragica Živković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2012

Today’s territory of Serbia early appeared on geographical maps as it was a direct result of its territory in relation to the centres of the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. However, cartographic displays have long been scarce and uneven. Serbia’s separation from mainstream European cartography has affected its inaccurate displays, taking over data from old maps and relying on chronicles. This is why Serbia’s displays on maps and its cartographic heritage have to be observed dualistically, simultaneously as European cartographic displays of Serbia and Serbian cartography. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 176008]

Геосистемност комплексних географских атласа

Author(s): Jasmina Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2012

Complex geographical atlases represent geosystems of different hierarchical rank, complexity and diversity, scale and connection. They represent a set of large number of different pieces of information about geospace. Also, they contain systematized, correlative and in the apparent form represented pieces of information about space. The degree of information revealed in the atlas is precisely explained by its content structure and the form of presentation. The quality of atlas depends on the method of visualization of data and the quality of geodata. Cartographic visualization represents cognitive process. The analysis converts geospatial data into knowledge. A complex geographical atlas represents information complex of spatial - temporal coordinated database on geosystems of different complexity and territorial scope. Each geographical atlas defines a concrete geosystem. Systemic organization (structural and contextual) determines its complexity and concreteness. In complex atlases, the attributes of geosystems are modeled and pieces of information are given in systematized, graphically unique form. The atlas can be considered as a database. In composing a database, semantic analysis of data is important. The result of semantic modeling is expressed in structuring of data information, in emphasizing logic connections between phenomena and processes and in defining their classes according to the degree of similarity. Accordingly, the efficiency of research of needed pieces of information in the process of the database use is enabled. An atlas map has a special power to integrate sets of geodata and present information contents in user - friendly and understandable visual and tactile way using its visual ability. Composing an atlas by systemic cartography requires the pieces of information on concrete - defined geosystems of different hierarchical level, the application of scientific methods and making of adequate number of analytical, synthetic and complex maps. The essence of each database is its model. The selection of model - the organization of database is very important.

Карта као средство за самостално учење у настави географије

Author(s): Marko Ivanović,Slavoljub Jovanović,Ljiljana Živković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2012

There are different views on self-regulation in the learning process, how it has to be monitored, controlled, which are the circumstances and external factors that affect independent learning. Dominant are the opinions in which the self-regulation is treated as interaction of processes related to the personality, behavioural and contextual processes. Special attention has been given to motivational strategies and students’ desire to focus on goals. By enabling students to make decisions, set their own goals, make a choice, plan and organize activities, the development of self-learning and student autonomy is being encouraged. If students are given the opportunity of independent activities, effect of self-control in the process of learning and self-regulation becomes more pronounced. The paper will explain the factors that influence the process of self-learning that takes place in regular teaching with the help of map as the basic geographic media. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 17008]

Просторна дистрибуција несигурности интерполације: пример изотермне карте Србије (1991-2009)

Author(s): Jelena Luković,Branislav Bajat,Milutin Pejović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2012

More widely used geo-statistical methods for modeling distributed phenomena requires the evaluation of the quality of the product (maps) obtained by their application. The method of evaluation of uncertainty i.e. quality of the map was described on the example of a map of mean annual air temperature in Serbia for the period from the years 1991 to 2009 that was obtained from a relatively small number of samples for the whole country area (110 meteorological stations). The uncertainty of the map, obtained by kriging interpolation was evaluated by applying a Monte Carlo simulation modeling method. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III47014, br. III43007 i br. TR 36009]

Примена геоинформационих технологија у процесу детектовања нагиба површине терена Фрушке Горе са освртом на развој падинских процеса

Author(s): Aleksandar Ristić,Vladimir Pajić,Dušan Jovanović,Miro Govedarica,Ivana Badnjarević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2012

This research aims to describe the analysis of geo-information technologies and systems and its usage in detection of terrain slope with reference to timely detection and mapping sites with a high risk of slope movement and activation of landslides. Special attention is referred to the remote sensing technology and data acquisition. In addition to acquisition, data processing is performed: the production of digital terrain model, calculating of the vegetation index NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) based on satellite image and analyses of pedology maps. The procedures of processing the satellite images in order to identify locations of high risk of slope processes are described. Several factors and identifiers are analyzed and used as input values in automatic processing which is performed through a unique algorithm. Research results are presented in raster format. The direction of further research is briefly defined. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR37017: Modeliranje stanja i strukture padinskih procesa primenom GNSS i tehnologija skeniranja laserom i georadarom]

Обележавања пројектованих граница природног добра Вршачке планине употребом методе RTK GPS/glonass

Author(s): Siniša Delčev,Olivera Vasović,Vukan Ogrizović,Jelena Gučević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2012

The existing topographic and cadastral maps of the former Yugoslav republics are in Gauss-Krüger projection on Bessel ellipsoid. For the collected GPS data to comply with the existing cartographic material, it is necessary to provide the transformation parameters from WGS84 to Bessel ellipsoid and according to the principles of cartographic mapping, to make mappings in the plane of the State Coordinate System (SCS). The aim of this research is to present the surveying activities necessary for the establishment and maintenance of digital cartographic basis, which is shown in the test area of “VRŠAC MOUNTAINS”, a Serbian region with outstanding characteristics. In order to establish a connection between the collected data, it is necessary to primarily calculate the parameters of transformation from WGS84 into the SCS. After the vectorisation of projected boundaries from bases made in the SCS, the transformation of vectorised boundary lines from SCS into the WGS84 is carried out, followed by staking the boundaries. To understand the fundamental differences in the methodology of using GPS receivers, it is important to emphasise that the concept of GPS determination of the coordinates is generally divided into absolute and relative positioning. If the correct procedure of GPS positioning, applied to certain environmental conditions, is not followed, the error up to 200 m could be expected. Conclusions are drawn about the selection of staking methods, related to the applied instruments and specific field conditions. The stakeout procedures are given in accordance with the principles of geodetic positioning. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 043007: Istraživanje klimatskih promena i njihovog uticaja na životnu sredinu: praćenje uticaja, adaptacija i ublažavanje]

Сврставање река у редове и њена зависност од размера карте на примеру Лепенице

Author(s): Stefana Babović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2012

The river system of Lepenica was drawn by using the GeoMedia programme in projections of 1:25 000, 1:50 000 and 1:300 000. Different type of information was shown using each of these projections, because smaller projections show more general information, and vice versa. Using the Horton, Strahler and Schrewe Methods we were able to divide rivers into types according to their sizes. We are also able to show the density of river network as well as their physio-geographical characteristics due to their dependence on each other. Big influence on the current appearance of the river network is due to one of the physio-geographic factors called geology. Geological composition of the Lepenica flow is very convoluted. This convolution is mainly based on their origin but it’s also stratigraphical. Based on the division of rivers into their types we are able to calculate the number of watercourses, based on the Schrewe Method. Using this method we can also make conclusions with regards to density of river network. Placing the rivers into different classes is mainly used as the basis of watercourse comparisons. These methods are not only used in hydrology, but also in many other scientific areas. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 43007: Istraživanje klimatskih promena na životnu sredinu - praćenje uticaja, adaptacija i ublažavanje]

Компарација морфемске структуре речи и картографског знака

Author(s): Jasmina Jovanović,Dragica Živković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2011

Language is a system of gestures, sounds, characters, symbols and words that are used to display concepts and communication. Map language is derived from natural language, rather than parallel to it, as its graphical equivalent. Natural and mapping language is based on a system of signs. In the natural language, the letters are the smallest units, and arranged meaningfully they constitute a sign - a word i.e. a concept. In a cartographic language one sign is one term. But common to both languages is the basis of character - morphemes and its accessories - affixes, which in the cartographic language have greater possibilities of expression.

Положајна тачност географских информација и савремени стандарди за њено оцењивање

Author(s): Mirko Borisov,Branko Božić,Stevan Radojčić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2011

Positional accuracy is important quantity element of quality of geographical information in digital as well as in analoguos form. This paper points to importance and necessity of evaluation of positional accuracy in recent conditions, describes two modern standards for positional accuracy evaluation and shows the results of its implementation on raster topographic map at scale 1:50.000 made by Military Geographical Institute.

Изражајне одлике топографских карата

Author(s): Mirko Borisov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2011

In the field of official topographic cartography Serbia has a long tradition which origin dates from Princedom of Serbia. On the territory of Serbia and former federal state, there have been conducted several surveys in the field, of which the last one was conducted in the period from 1947 to 1967. Based on that survey, the entire area of ex state was covered with topographic maps, but some of them are interested for example at the scale from 1:25 000 up to 1:100 000. That maps are analyzed in this article, specially their characteristics.

Тицај плеистоценске глацијације на морфолошку разноликост увала Дурмитора и Жијова

Author(s): Sava Simić,Aleksandar S. Petrović,Predrag Đurović / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2010

The alternation of glacial and carts processes as the consequence of frequent changes of glacial and interglacial phases could be recognized at the mountains Durmitor and Žijovo. Re-modeling of glacial morphology (cirques and trough valleys) carved currently karst topography with domination of uvalas. Their size and shape vary considerably as the consequence of differences within the preexisting glacial forms. Duration and intensity of kartification, which re-modeled former glacial forms into karst landforms, determine the degree of uvalas development and formation of three distinct evolution types of high-mountainous uvalas: glacial, glacial-karst and glaciofluvial.

Shuttle radar topography mission – доступност података и остварена тачност

Author(s): Milutin Milenković,Mileva Samardžić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2010

This paper aim is to determine accuracy of digital terrain model (DTM) formed upon Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data, for the region of the Republic of Serbia. Main characteristics of SRTM will be introduced, along with short description of determining DTM based on SRTM data and accuracy of such derived digital terrain model.

Картографска обрада урбаних подручја коришћењем сателитског снимка као основе за прикупљање података

Author(s): Slaviša Tatomirović,Dragoljub Sekulović,Vladan Tadić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 3/2010

This paper shows possibilities of using the WORLDVIEW-1 satellite images as a base for creating and updating cartographic materials. It also describes the entire applied procedure for satellite images processing so that they could be used in cartography.

Примена алгоритма за увођење аутоматизације у процесу семиоразмерног картографисања

Author(s): Nataša Urošev / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 3/2010

Beside the main subject, this paper will present principals of average graphical weight of thematic map. The algorithm is based on this subject and also on basics of symbol-scaled(2) mapping. Maps are very often overloaded by symbols. The main goal of thematic mapping is to represent the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the occurrences in geospace. These two factors are combined in this algorithm. Modern GIS software has possibility to create thematic maps by methods of signs, cartograms and cart diagrams. These are very precise maps and they are presenting distinctive occurrence but also very graphical chaotic with lot of overcastted areas that are overloading the map. These are the reasons why it’s necessary to create this algorithm which would give some balance among boundaries of thematic map area.