"Nucleul tare" al conştiinţei şi criza de identitate

Author(s): Tiberiu Horea Moldovan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 02/1995

The present paper deals with the concept of identity crisis, as it was originally created by Eric Erikson in the context of his psycho-historical researches. Starting with some reflections on the impact caused by the spreading of Freudian theories about the unconsciousness, it argues that the American psychoanalysis, also known as “Ego psychology“, have been trying to reinforce the weakened role of the Self, as global personality, trough a theory focused on the strength and the adaptive abilities of the Ego. This shift of accent give way to some startling reflections on the identity creation processes, delineating the main features of the developmental stages that undergoes every human being in his effort to find a place and an image of the sameness in society as well as in life history.

Criză şi identitate în teatrul post-modern - însemnări despre Jerzy Grotowski

Author(s): Valentin Protopopescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 02/1995

La Renaissance a institué une crise dont le point culminant est vécu pleinement aujourd'hui par l'humanité: le déchirement qui a eu lieu entre l'identité et le Sacré. En pleine époque post-moderne, le théâtre d'avant-garde aspire à rétablir l'expérience liturgique des origines. L'instrument en est la mémoire du corps et celui-ci semble être le lieu privilégié de la récupération des forces créatrices. Le résultat qui s’ensuit est ambigu: serait-ce un fantasme ou bien une réalité vivante? Au delà de ces possibilités s'impose une réponse plus persuasive: le déconstructivisme théâtral, le dépassement du dramatique traditionnel et l'affirmation d'une nouvelle sensibilité spectaculaire, comme une forme artistique sui generis. Entre l'échec de la récupération du Sacré et l'assassinat du théâtre classique on assiste à la genèse d'une institution dramatique dont la valeur fondamentale est justement la perplexité. Pour ce point de vue, le metteur en scène polonais Jerzy Grotowski semble être vraiment représentatif. Son travail théorique et technique offre la matière de cette étude.

Franjo Marković: Sveučilište kao duhovna lađa naroda

Author(s): Ivan Peklić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/131/2013

Activity of Franjo Marković is to a great extent related to the University of Zagreb. Marković was the first dean of the Faculty of Philosophy, where he was also a lecturer from 1874 to 1914. He held the position of rector of the University of Zagreb, too. He taught Ethics, Aesthetics, Psychology, History of Philosophy, Pedagogy, and Logic. As rector, he very much cared not only about the education of young students, but also about the teachers and financial situation of the University. In two inauguration speeches Marković expressed his attitudes and ideas regarding the tasks that should be assigned to the university. In the speech “Towards Logic”, held on the occasion of the opening of University on 18 October 1874, he emphasized the role of philosophy in forming of the homeland. Since Marković was of the opinion that philosophy is one of the first sciences which should be taught at the University, it is evident that the role of the University in creation of the national state is unavoidable. In his inauguration rectorial speech “Croatian Philosophy Writers in the Velebit Region from the 15th to the 18th Century”, held on 19 October 1881, Marković emphasized “that only the nation that acquired the homeland of thoughts also acquired its true homeland”. This paper will provide an outline of Marković’s contribution to the Croatian University and present the tasks that were assigned to university in the context of creating a modern Croatian state.

Energijsko i simboličko u koncepciji prostora Pavla Florenskoga

Author(s): Sanja Veršić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/131/2013

The paper examines symbolization of space and its link with the energy of everything that exists, based on the internal/external antinomy as one of the basic antinomies in Florensky’s understanding of spatial organization and mode of the man’s existence in the world. Functionality of symbol is explained and justified by Florensky by means of energy of symbols, while energy is also equally manifested in the language activity (words, God’s name), icon and works of art. On the other hand, science and philosophy – “descriptions of reality” – are explained as symbolic “models of reality”.

Granice eidetske vladavine

Author(s): Janko M. Lozar / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/131/2013

Eidetic dominance of Husserl’s philosophy is first and foremost evinced in transcendental subject’s relation to time and history. The dominance of eidetics further evinces the sovereignty of the subject, who can reach the level of the extratemporal and ahistorical as the highest, purest being of the pure ego. With his sixth Cartesian meditation, Eugen Fink, Husserl’s assistant, convincingly shows how transcendental constitution in its activity cannot be purely pure exactly because it experiences the rub of the constitution of the nothing of beings. And with it there opens up the arena of Heidegger’s philosophy of being, which is actually anchored in the reflection on this very nothing of beings.

Logika na Katoličkom sveučilištu u Lublinu

Author(s): Ivan Zelić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/131/2013

Polish logic flourished between the two World Wars and played a major role at Polish universities. This flowering essentially marked the philosophy in Poland in the 20th century. The Catholic University of Lublin (Katolicki Universytet Lubelski, KUL) was founded in 1918, and its Faculty of Philosophy and Chair of Logic in 1946. The role that logic has had at KUL reflects the typical Polish tradition from the first half of the century and the more ancient tradition of medieval universities. Among logicians who taught at this university stand out Antoni Korcik, Józef Iwanicki, Jerzy Kalinowski, Stanisław Kamiński, Ludwik Borkowski and Stanisław Kiczuk. They have made significant contributions to logic and its application in philosophy, not only in Poland. In their work we can find influences from analytic and Thomistic currents, the Lvow-Warsaw school and the Lublin school.

Sveučilište i kultura

Author(s): Vani Roščić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/131/2013

The article offers critical analysis of Pareyson´s conception of the crisis of the culture and the culture of freedom, and tries to show that the culture of freedom has, as its goal, clarification of the idea of culture which might give an answer for any situation of crisis. During a very demanding period between 1941 and 1948, Luigi Pareyson published a number of papers inspired by existentialistic philosophy and personalistic philosophy of culture, which testify to his intensely active role in the cultural-political discussion concerning the reform of education in Italy. Pure idea of education and university safeguards from reductionist view of a person and culture. Number of ideas which Pareyson gives, enter into the project of a general reform of educational system and some of them are present to this day.

Humanističke znanosti između neoliberalne globalizacije i kritike eurocentrizma

Author(s): Alen Tafra / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/131/2013

In the vortex of academic capitalism, the marginalization of humanities represents a peculiar case. Besides subjugation to principles and criteria of utilitarianism and positivism, their precariousness has been aggravated by means of their taxonomic separation from social sciences. Nevertheless, the deconstructionist task of the new humanities is not conceivable without the permanent transgressions of prescribed academic borders. Namely, the genealogy of discursive structures of humanities is possible only through the prism of their involvement in the historical genesis of actual power structures. In other words, the new philosophy of present/history has been called for. It should operate as a holistic framework for the investigations of the simultaneous developments not only of capitalism, colonialism and the Eurocentric world system, but of the main categories of modern humanities as well. Following Vattimo’s interpretation of Heidegger’s concept of Verwindung, this project inserts the diagnosis and prospective of humanities within the more adequate horizon of Dussel’s “planetary paradigm”.

Univerzitet i uživanje

Author(s): Zoran Dimić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/131/2013

Da wir uns heute, in einem neuen Versuch die Idee der Universität zu denken, nicht mehr hinter der Nation, Staat oder der Institution selbst verstecken könnten (Fichte, Humblodt, Schleiermacher), müssen wir den Fokus und die Unterstützung eines solchen Prozesses außerhalb suchen. Wo ist dann möglich der Idee der neuen Horizonten zu öffnen? Während die alte Hochschulsinstitutionen (Akademie, Lykei) in der Atmosphäre aphetéos-ēdone funktioniert haben, lebten soweit die Universität und ihre Akteuren im Mittelalter und Neuzeit in einer Atmosphäre der Repressions-Begeisterung. Daher beobachtet dieser Artikel Lust und Wissen im Kontext des antiken Begriffs der Bildung. Der Text zeigt in welcher Weise Platons Akademie, als Archetyp der modernen Universität, als ein Weg des Lebens, durch die Methodos bereitgestellt, wird gegründet. Obwohl der Erwerb von Wissen ist abhängig von der Lehrer, wird es wichtig daß die Schüller sich selbst überlassen werden, und in der Lage sein in sich selbst das Wissen zu entdecken, das in der Übereinstimmung mit der Tugend ist. Solche Forschung wurde in der Akademie mit der Lust begleitet. Autor argumentiert daß bios theoretikos untrennbar von dem Lust ist. Daher geht die Lust über die vereinfachende Opposition der körperlichen und geistigen Lust. Im zweiten Teil des Texts zeigt er daß nach Aristoteles die Lust der Inhalt des besten Lebens ist. Im Gegensatz zu den etablierten Interpretation von Aristoteles, zeigt der Autor daß das beste Leben in Aristoteles nicht als vereinfachtes bios theoretikos verstanden werden, sondern als jede Handlung die mit der Lust verbunden ist, mit der der Mensch seine Tugend entwickelt und so erbte das Göttliche. Ob wir heute die Einsicht wieder aufbauen, das die alte Hochschulsinstitutionen tief erlebten, daß die Lust und das Glück natürliche Begleiter des Wissens und der Studie sind? Können wie heute eine solche Möglichkeit denken?

Választott rend (Perecz László: Szép rendbe foglalva)

Author(s): Anita Kruzslicz / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 04/2003

“László Perecz’s work is dedicated to keeping alive the philosophical tradition…” The presented volume of essays gives a portrait of twelve Hungarian philosophers from János Apáczai Csere of the seventeenth century to György Lukács and Karl Mannheim.

Смисли и функции на университетското образование между Хумболт и Болоня

Author(s): Krassimir Stojanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 36/2011

In this paper, I develop the argument that Humboldt’s principle of the unity of teaching and research should be seen as a foundational norm of the contemporary university. Only teaching that is understood as inclusion of students in guided research practices could cultivate analytical and argumentative abilities, which are crucial for all academic professions. However, the way in which the Bologna reform has been implemented in the representative case of Germany works against the unity of teaching and research. That is why I conclude the paper with a plea for a reform of the Bologna reform.

Philosophical Theology: the Early Years

Author(s): Jānis Nameisis Vējš / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

Relations between the philosophical and theological reflections – in various modes and combinations – stretch as far back as the very origins of both of these forms of human spirituality. But the corpus of academic research bearing the title of “philosophical theology” has a definite terminus a quo; it dates back to a period of more than 60 years ago – to the early fifties of the previous century, and forms an integral part of the general development of the (mainly) Protestant apologetics of that time.

Taisnīgums un motivācija Platona darbā Valsts

Author(s): Laura Bitiniece / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 1/2013

The aim of the article is to explain some controversial points concerning justice in Plato’s Republic, revealing the possibility to expand the interpretation of justice. In order to achieve this justice is explained as (a) a correspondence between agent and her function and (b) as a motivational dynamis, trying to find ground for separating these two meanings and/or expanding meaning (a) with meaning (b). If the analyses did provide sufficient reason for expanding the interpretation of justice in Plato’s Republic, that is, to accept at the very least the possibility of justice linked with motivation, this would offer us the missing part in the interpretation of Plato’s philosophy, namely what motivates people to be just and how is justice related to other virtues. Several steps are taken. At first, the author uses the functional theory of Gerasimos Xenophon Santas as a methodological approach to Plato’s moral psychology (part The Basic Features of Functional Theory), providing basis for describing justice as correspondence (part Justice as Correspondence), and introduces the notion of dynamis in relation to justice (part Justice and Dynamis). The argument leads to the question of the nature of arete or virtue, seen both as cognitive (here and further: related to knowledge about good and evil) and dispositional (related to dynamis) phenomena (part The Nature of Virtue) and to the main question about motivation. Part Motivation and the Good draws attention to the question whether the good is perceived only and exceptionally through rational deliberation and knowledge. The article tries to expand the meaning of justice into the field of motivation, proposing novel subjects for further research. Firstly, justice is seen as a holistic virtue that is not completely understood only through knowledge. It follows that justice becomes the central concern of Plato’s Republic, being the dynamis which enables other virtues to appear and which sustains them. Secondly, justice introduces the possibility to see virtuous motivation in the light of non-cognitive (or not exceptionally cognitive) force. To support this, the author explains the relation between the good and the beautiful, showing how the good can be perceived through the beautiful prior to any cognitive content. In addition, it is noted that for the reason to grasp the good (in a cognitive way) it is necessary to function in the best possible way – and this is achieved through enabling the just order in the soul. The relation between the just and the beautiful is proposed as a major topic for subsequent article, as there are some striking structural similarities concerning teleological principle. Therefore it is possible to sketch an interpretation according to which justice undertakes both the role of motivator, enabling a certain correspondence/ order to arise, and the role of sustainer of this order, helping the reason to carry on when it reaches the knowledge of good and evil.

Kristietībai radniecīgas iezīmes antīkajā kultūrā

Author(s): Arnis Mazlovskis / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 1/2013

The primary spreading of Christianity and its evolvement from littleknown faith of a marginal group into the dominant ideology of Western civilization remains incompletely explained. This article describes the features of Greek-Roman culture related to Christian views and values thus facilitating pagan conversion. The existence of gods was nearly undisputed in the ancient world. Cities had official deities, and piety was considered a cardinal virtue of citizens. Polytheism being the overall form of religion, a monotheistic trend developed from the cult of Zeus, the highest god. Important political decisions were made with recourse to putative messages of gods. The ancient society was prone to believe in miracles and immortality of the soul, what helped Christian apologetics. Parmenides and Plato denied true reality to unstable and transitory empirical things and relegated it only to permanent and eternal meta- physical entities. In spite of the mainly optimistic attitude to life, some philosophers disregarded secular well-being and practised ascetics. Christians were periodically persecuted by the Roman emperors; however, Severus Alexander and Philip the Arab sympathized with their belief. The doctrine about Logos is exposed in more details. The first concept of it was contained in the pantheistic philosophy of Heraclitus. Later the Stoics attributed great importance to this concept. Their understanding was expressed by poet Aratus whose poem was cited by Apostle Paul while addressing Athenian philosophers. The Jewish religious-philosophical school of Alexandria combined the Mosaic faith with Greek philosophy. Philo of Alexandria, the chief representative of this school, arouses special interest, as he describes the events related to New Testament in geographical vicinity in the same century. The whole New Testament is written after the lifetime of Philo. According to this philosopher, God is absolutely transcendent and no properties may be attributed to him except the mere existence. God has created and governs the world with the aid of mediators, among whom Logos occupies the main and nearest place. Logos is an adequate image of God, his shadow, his first-born son. He is immaterial and imperishable, not created like the world. However, he is neither uncreated like God, and his power is not autonomous but only accredited. Logos also functions as demiurge. Philo was probably the first philosopher who understood Plato’s ideas as God’s thoughts playing the role of seals in world creation. Philo’s representation of Logos is not without contradictions: Logos is said to be disseminated in creatures and to perform personal roles, too. The New Testament, especially the Gospel of St.John, presents a similar teaching about Logos. The Christian creed differs insofar it proclaims the equality of Logos to the Father and his supernatural incorporation in the person of Christ.

Is the Phenomenon of Revelation Possible? An Evaluation of Jean-Luc Marion’s Response

Author(s): Māra Grīnfelde / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

French thinker Jean-Luc Marion (Jean-Luc Marion) is probably best known for his hypothesis of the ‘saturated phenomenon’ (phénomène saturé), namely, a hypothesis of a phenomenon that is characterized through the excess of intuition over intention or a hypothesis of nonintentional phenomenon. The most important characteristic of the saturated phenomenon is its unconditional self-givenness (Selbstgebung, donation de soi), which indicates the fact that this phenomenon shows itself beyond any meaning horizon and meaning giving activity of subjectivity. The saturated phenomenon shows itself through the unconditioned excess of intuition without the limiting measure of meaning intention or concept.

Being Moral and Loving Oneself. Kant on Morality, Self-Love and Self-Conceit

Author(s): Elvīra Šimfa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

Kant famously states that teachings of morality “command for everyone, without taking account of his inclinations, merely because and insofar as he is free and has practical reason”. This follows from two premises of Kant’s moral theory: (1) that morality is entirely based on reason and therefore valid for all rational beings (humans being only a part of this group) and (2) inclinations are not to be trusted, and this is so in two senses: (2.1) guidelines for action derived from inclinations are contingent and (2.2) inclinations are mostly opposed to reason and attempt to corrupt its commands and their execution.

Изкуство и красота. Критични размишления върху средновековната естетика

Author(s): Andreas Speer / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 01/1994

Йерархията на битието в Шестоднев от Йоан Екзарх

Author(s): Ivan Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 01/1994

Философията като преход при Бонавентура. От науката към мъдростта

Author(s): Andreas Speer / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 01/1994

Универсалии, същност и съществуване във философията на Тома от Аквино

Author(s): Mariyana Shirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 01/1994