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СИМВОЛ В СМЕНЕ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ ЭПОХ

Author(s): Sergey Sharakov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The interest to symbolic structures of the literary text has intensified in Russian literary studies during the last decades. Symbols have acquired many interpretations. Thus, the problem of subjectivity and arbitrary interpretation appeared. An approach is suggested in this paper that would allow defining criteria of scientific validity in symbol interpretation. Cultural and historical specificity of the symbol in the Antiquity, Middle Ages, and Modern Era is proved. Every symbolization type is analyzed from the point of its cultural and historical content, as well as categorical environment.

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Professor Marcin Wadowita (1567 – 1641), an Example of a Brilliant Academic Career in Old Kraków

Author(s): Tomasz Graff / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2012

The paper portrays the academic career of an exquisite Cracovian professor Marcin Wadowita (1567 and 1641). He was born in a small town of Wadowice . In his youth he used to look after pigs but towards the end of his life he was one of the most acknowledged scholars in Cracow, holding a function of the Dean of the Department of Theology and vice chancellor at the University of Cracow. When he died, the whole city mourned him. The University of Cracow at that time was undergoing a period of stagnation. Permanent lack of ﬁnancial resources was making itself painfully felt. Additionally, the well-being of the University was constantly threatened by the Jesuit schools. Notwithstanding all the hardships, however, there appeared some exceptional scientiﬁc personalities, such as Wadowita, who managed to raise admiration of such ﬁgures as Pope Clement VIII. The author, discussing Wadowita’s academic career, will present it against a broader background of functioning of the academic environment in Cracow in the 2nd half of the 16th and the 1st half of the 17th century.

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ОТ ПОЭТИКИ МИФА К ПРОСТРАНСТВУ ТВОРЧЕСТВА: ТУЙААРА ШАПОШНИКОВА

Author(s): Vlada Vladislavovna Timofeeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The artistic process is considered in the paper as one of the methods of reproduction, representation, translation, and transformation of ethnic mythological meanings and symbols, as well as their adaptation to the new conditions of multicultural existence. Tuyaara Shaposhnikova, one of the brightest representatives of contemporary fine arts of Yakutia, creates works that are characterized by the associativity and polysemy by combining the methods of the European art schools and traditional techniques of folk creativity. The works of the artist are permeated with symbols and metaphors of the national traditional culture. The modern author creates a cycle of colorful lithographs based on the plots of oral historical legends dedicated to Elley, the cultural hero and first ancestor of the Sakha people. The graphic artist is attracted to his image expressing the family power due to its symbolic potential. The myth is naturally included into the structure of engravings through the quotes of folklore plots and the expressions of cultural and historical archetypes. T. Shaposhnikova has developed her own style based on the motifs of folk art and folk traditions of the Yakuts. Her works are characterized by elegant decorativeness of the general solution related to the use of geometric ornaments, symmetrical or balanced structure of the composition, flatness, and conventionality of the picture. It is concluded that the fine art of Yakutia undergoes a material process of adaptation to the perception by other cultures, thereby overcoming the isolation and one-sidedness of folk images and motifs and revealing the semantic unity of human cultures.

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“MADEN” FİLMİNİN MARKSİST ÇÖZÜMLEMESİ

Author(s): Birgül Alici / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 32/2016

Looking at socioeconomic changes from a perspective of a certain historical necessity, Marx focuses on the position, interests and struggle of the working class in the most capitalist and democratic societies within Marxism. In the study, a Yavuz Ozkan film "Maden" which explains the basic concepts of Marxism and the struggle of the working class, which Marx attaches great importance to, has been tried to be analyzed. The film, in which the soul of Marxism and its basic elements are studied on workers in a social realistic norm, is the result of a successful Marxist approach reflecting Yavuz Özkan's era.

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К. Г. Юнг на български – другият поглед към съвременната хуманитаристика

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К. Г. Юнг на български – другият поглед към съвременната хуманитаристика

Author(s): Rumen Shivachev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

The article reflects on the Swiss scientist translations’ influence on Bulgarian humanities. A short flashback revealing some Bulgarian writers’ Jungian appreciation of literature is constructed. Outlined is doctor Krustev – Karl Jung relation through Wundt and German philosophical, aesthetical and psychological school of the second half of the XIX th century. The text mentions the neglect of psychoanalytical methodology in Bulgarian literature and humanities, started by the “Misal” journal founder. Attention is payed to Yavorov’s poem “Nosht” (Night) as a productive object of psychoanalytical research. Mentioned are also some Bulgarian authors form different generations to whose works this methodology proves to be very productive.

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Домът на литературата: Югославски и постюгославски представи за литературната споделимост

Author(s): Ludmila Mindova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The Home of Literature is a metaphor of the literature and literary community. However, this metaphor is connected with the home obsession in contemporary post-Yugoslavian literatures. After the collapse of the Former Yugoslavia and Bosnian war, the home is one of the constant themes in contemporary literature in all area. We can see that in the poetry of the Bosnian-Slovenian poet Josip Osti, but also in the novels and essays of the famous emigrant writer Dubravka Ugrešić, as well as in the works of Peter Semolič, Miljenko Jergović, Vida Ognjenović, Jasna Koteska etc. The home is often present even in the titles of their works (House of Language by Osti, House of Words by Semolič, The House of Dead Scents by Ognjenović), and what is more important – the home is a counterpart of the literature as a place of the sense in the world that every day loses a part of its sense and good taste. The literary home is not a utopian place, because it is a collective image and it could be the dystopian place as well. We mark that through the works about the prison and concentration camps – The Damned Yard by Ivo Andrić, the novels and stories by Danilo Kiš, Dragoslav Mihailović, Branko Hofman, Miroslav Popović etc. At all events, the literary home is always a place of the reinventing of the sense.

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EXPRESSIONS OF MAGIC IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY

Author(s): Nicu Gavriluţă / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

This text starts from Ioan Petru Culianu's theses on the survival of magic, understood as a pre-modern spiritual discipline, in today's society. The emphasis is placed on magical (as described by Giordano Bruno) fantasies that can be found nowadays in public relations and communication, on the political scene, in the new media and in the cutting-edge technologies of today. The originality of the text consists in the interpretation of the Romanian presidential elections of 2014 as being, among other things, the perverse effect of a manipulation scenario that used fantasies of the "magical" kind. Another original element is the identification within state-of-the-art automotive technologies of certain human dreams and nostalgias that used to belong to the fabulous world of magic. The reference is to the GINA concept from the German group BMW and to two concepts (one from Mercedes and one from BMW) that allow "seeing" into the future and operation using only the owner's vocal commands. These are present-day "magical" actions: voice-based remote control, changing the appearance of the car and enhancing human sight by using automotive technology.

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YOUNG PEOPLE AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION. A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ON CRAIOVEN STUDENTS

Author(s): Vlad Ovidiu Cioacă,Stefan Laurentiu Scuipici / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The involvement of young people in politics is a recurrent topic in local public debates. Protestant movements in the last period come to confirm and enhance the interest of researchers and public figures for this issue. Through this research, without any exhaustive claims, we intend to investigate the degree of interest and participation of the students in Craiova in the political life, the perceived quality of life among them, the trust in the political institutions, their ideological positioning.The conclusions we have reached show an increased interest and active political participation of young people, satisfaction and optimism regarding the political direction in which Romania is heading, but also a notable contradiction between the self-positioning and the real ideological positioning.

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THE POWER OF SPIRITUAL MANIFESTATION. SIMMEL’S THEORY OF CONFLICT APPLIED TO JUDAISM

Author(s): Mădălina Măndiţă / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The study analyses the way in which the spiritual manifestation - the Judaism - forms in a very profound way the identity of a community. In this view we discover those key elements that become essential in the sociological understanding of a very troubled history, and we can reach this objective using the conflict theory of Georg Simmel. For this sociology of Judaism through what we can call creative conflict (with positive outcomes) we use the impressive studies of Max Weber and Antonin Causse concerning the ancient Judaism. The research of Judaism by the founding fathers of sociology permits us to read this unique people, contributing also to a right framing to understand present social realities, but also to the discovery of those decisive points that forms the immutable character of Jewish identity.

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IN THE WAKE OF SLEEPING BEAUTY. EVER-CHANGING FACES OF FEMININITY IN TRANSMEDIA STORYTELLING. FROM CHARLES PERRAULT TO WALT DISNEY

Author(s): Ana-Maria Niculescu-Mizil / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Within the broader discussion about remediation (Bolter and Grusin, 1996), transmedial storytelling (Jenkins, 2006; Ryan, 2013) and transfictionality (Ryan, 2013), the present paper advances the proposal of a comparative intersectional qualitative analysis of femininity in Charles Perrault's version of the story La Belle au bois dormant (1697), Walt Disney’s Sleeping Beauty (1959) and Walt Disney and Roth Films' Maleficient (2014) based upon associations between body representations, age groups and types of character. What would Evil look like if it were a woman? Would she be slender or voluptuous? What about the Good? Would she be wrinkled or sappy? This is a series of topics the current inquiry will put to the issue adjusting the intersectionality theory. However, it is not the experience of oppression that is central to the present analysis, but rather the pattern of intersection between gender, age and good or evil nature and how body representations coagulate at such intersections.

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Memory, Interpretation, Identity

Author(s): Wojciech Kalaga / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The article investigates complex relations between memory, interpretation and identity, with special emphasis on the role of memory as a building material and of interpretation as a constructor of human identity. Construed as an ontological condition of subjectivity interpretation seems to be inevitably involved in the workings of memory, both individual and collective. However, the archival model of memory dominant in the Western culture effectively excludes interpretation as a mechanism of (re)constructing memory because it depicts the latter as a stable and unchangeable imprint of an experience. Likewise, the Bergsonian model, which portrays memory as a virtual space, leaves little room for interpretation. It is only when Bergson’s model is supplemented with the pansemiotic vision of C.S. Peirce – or, in other words, when the virtual space is filled with an infinite network of interpretive sign relations – that the inextricable connection between interpretation and memory in shaping human identity becomes theoretically validated.

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Unfamiliar concepts as an obstacle for critical thinking in public discussions regarding women’s rights issues in Latvia. Reflective thinking in the ‘fake news’ era

Author(s): VEINBERG Sandra / Language(s): English Issue: 22 (2)/2018

In Europe it is now out of the question to express any doubts regarding the prevention of violence against women. The majority of the Latvian population also condemns the physical abuse of women; however, the Istanbul Convention which deals with this matter was not ratified here. A number of factors were at play, the most significant of which was pressure exerted through the direct influence of a campaign that had been organised by opponents of the broadest understanding of human rights. Such pressure was exerted on decision makers (MPs and political parties), with indirect impact on the population via social media and the news media outlets. Campaigns by interest groups which spread opposing views are not unusual in a democratic society; however, in this case there was no discussion between the opposing parties. The public domain was not open to an interaction of views and beliefs based on arguments and critical thinking, as the argument of the opponents rested entirely upon their beliefs, whereas the supporters of the convention relied upon valid proof. This article looks at the reasons behind the failure in terms of group communication to establish a constructive discussion on a topic that was so essential to Latvian society: one which served to combat and eradicate violence against women. It also seeks to establish whether the use of an irrational form of convincing technique contradicts the logic of critical thinking, and whether the emergence of unfamiliar and/or incomprehensible concepts on the agenda of a public discussion may serve to put the brakes on the constructive discussion of women’s rights issues which is so essential today to Latvian society as a whole.

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Параметри на Ероса между несъзнаваното и трансценденталното

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Параметри на Ероса между несъзнаваното и трансценденталното

Author(s): Nevena Krumova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

The text covers the parameters of the Eros in various theories. It refers to its place in Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, as well as the relation between Eros, unconscious and sublimation. It also refers to the meaning of the Philosophical Eros and its place in some metaphysical theories.

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Philosophical Thought of Phan Boi Chau

Author(s): Cao Xuân Long / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

Phan Boi Chau (1867 – 1940) was a representative of revolutionary thinkers, revolutionaries, poets and educators of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In his life of ups and downs, he has left many valuable ideas as lessons for the development of the country today. These are the views stemming from the pressing need of history for the fight for the liberation of nation and human; a combination of Eastern and Western cultural thought and Vietnamese cultural tradition; at different stages, his philosophical thought constantly changed and developed.

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Arendt and Heidegger: the Human Condition Reconsidered

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Arendt and Heidegger: the Human Condition Reconsidered

Author(s): Tengiz Tsimnaridze / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

Heidegger’s name is often brought up in connection to Arendt’s The Human Condition (1958), since his thought had a pervasive influence on Arendt’s work. Although Heidegger is not mentioned in The Human Condition, Arendt herself claims in her letter that her work “grew right out of the first days in Marburg and so is in all respects indebted to” him. Accordingly, this article is an attempt to search for the roots of Arendt’s philosophical views in her magnum opus. Based upon close reading of Heidegger’s texts, this article argues that Heidegger’s later philosophy has impacted on Arendt’s ontology and her understanding of modern society in The Human Condition. My plan is as follows: first, to note Arendt’s relationship to Western tradition of political philosophy; second, to discuss Arendtian notions of political action and public realm; and third to study her conception of modernity.

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Process-relations in “Time Experience”

Author(s): Serghey Gherdjikov / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

I analyze here process-relations in time experience. My thesis is that McTaggart’s series A and B are process-relations. I demonstrate how McTaggart’s unreality thesis should be replaced by a relativity thesis: Series A and B are relations of processes: asymmetrical and ordered. The coordinate system of time experience is centered in our living body, in its life process, which is directed against entropy increasing: biological arrow. From that flowing position we first experience series of events and they all are ordered in direction past–present–future. From the same position we experience a “backflow”: we first expect, then perceive, and then remember an event in a series: future–present–past. Life process, directed against entropy increasing, which I call “biological arrow” is basic explanation of time experience. Time as such does not exist – only processes (series of states) exist. I suggest some small experiments to demonstrate my main points and to argue against the transcendental phenomenology of “time consciousness”.

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Gândirea politică românească în secolul al XIX-lea. Teme în dezbaterea contemporană

Author(s): Ion Goian / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2019

The study offers a broad perspective on the origins of the modern political ideas in the three provinces that will agregate into the state of Romania in 19th and 20th centuries. In Moldavia and Valachia with the attempts of the boyars and other learned persons (mostly clerics) to import from the Western Europe new ideas about the state, the relations between state and churh etc., under the influence of Western Enlightenment. In Transylvania the same attempts to develop modern political ideas and a national political identity is summarized by the author in the context of the efforts of the majoritary Romanians to achieve equal political and civil rights which were denied to them by the ruler class under the domination of the Austrian Empire and, since 1867, by the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

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The semiotics of the face in digital dating: A research direction

Author(s): Massimo Leone / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The article investigates the socio-cultural meaning of the face in relation to its natural and biological features, focusing on the particular domain of mating habits. After surveying the role of the ‘face’ in the sexual behaviors of several non-human animals, and especially of primates, the article ponders on the crucial role that the face plays in the seductive discourse which precedes and accompany mating in all human cultures and also in many primates’ behaviors. It, then, deals with the transformation that these seductive patterns of signification and communication undergo in the passage from face-to-face intercourse to digital dating. Here, the gap between the necessarily realistic representation of one’s bodily face and the idealized version of it allowed by digital picture editing widens, to the point that new epistemic parameters start to circulate throughout the digital semiosphere.

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Statecraft, Exception and Wasted Lives Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide

Author(s): Binayak Roy / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

One of the reasons why Amitav Ghosh is considered an important writer is that his narratives do not occupy a “neutral” zone. Rather, they offer a sensitive and multifaceted view on the contemporary problems of the worlds he writes about. Ghosh seems to be intent on moving his readers through his narratives beyond the aesthetic of indifference. Ghosh’s first commitment is to his art.

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India’s Global Modernity and Muslim Terrorism in the Hindi Cinema

Author(s): Syed Waqar Haider / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

From its very inception, Indian cinema has been a cinema interested in the idea of nation. Although Raja Harishcandra (credited as the first Indian feature film) was strictly speaking a mythological, Dadasaheb Phalke’s motivation was grounded in a strong sense of nationalism.

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