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Mimesis i anthropos albo o przymusie naśladownictwa. Dawkins – Tarde – Girard

Author(s): Dobrosława Wężowicz-Ziółkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2018

Memetics is one of contemporary, posthumanist theories of culture. It postulates that the fundamental mechanism of replicating non-genetic information is imitation (Dawkins) and thus social life and culture exist as a result of our minds’ susceptibility to the units of imitation, known as memes. This article presents a critical synthesis of the stance memeticians take on human mimetism, and through exploration of other concepts (philosophical, sociological, anthropological, psychological and neurobiological) reinforces memetics’ basic premise that human beings are mimetic animals.

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Thomas Merton – życie z mądrością

Author(s): Małgorzata Poks,Tomasz Markiewka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 31/2018

The year 2018 marks the quinquagenary of Thomas Merton’s death. A wealth of international events has been organized to commemorate this monk, writer, peace and social justice activist, renewer of monastic life, and significant contributor to interreligious dialogue. This issue of the biennial journal "Świat i Słowo” is a Polish contribution to those events. Consisting of two original articles written specifically for this occasion, as well as translations of several important articles that were first published in "The Merton Annual” - a flagship journal of international Merton scholarschip – Thomas Merton – Living with Wisdom pays homage to the versatility and intellectual and artistic accuity of the famous Trappist monk. Foregrounding the trope of wisdom, the articles gathered here present crucial aspects of Thomas Merton’s life and writing.

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Дейност и време. Свободното време на личността

Author(s): Luchyan Milkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

The article draws the reader’s attention to one of the most complex phenomena of psychological science – the activity of the individual and his/her relationship with the phenomenon “timeˮ and, in particular, the phenomenon of “free timeˮ.

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Рефлексивната самооценка като механизъм на личностното самоутвърждаване

Author(s): Boyan Vasilev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

In the report is presented and developed the idea of the role of the reflection of the mastery of self-affirmation; reflexive self-asessment allows it to be placed under personal control. Trough reflexive self-knowledge, personal self-affirmation is released from the psychological defenses, compensatory delusions and inadequate ways of its implementation. The mature degree of self-affirmation is characterized by the release of inefficient mechanisms of self-assessment and self assertion and targeted use of personal reflexive procedures.

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Дебатът около Истанбулската конвенция в българските медии

Author(s): Anna Angelova,Borislava Uzunova,Deliya Stoilova,Dessislava Filipova,Dobromira Yotovska,Iva Teneva,Konstatin-Kiril Yosifov,Madlen Nikolova,Plamena Grozeva,Plamena Ivanova,Svetlana Yordanova,Ralena Gerasimova,Siana Velkova,Siyana Ulyanova,Tsveta Paunova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

The research is implemented by fourth year students in European studies at Sofia University as part of the subject ‘Media analysis’ (2017/18 academic year, prof. Snezhana Popova). Research by a team of students in European Studies, Faculty of Philosophy: Anna Angelova, Borislava Uzunova, Deliya Stoilova, Dessislava Filipova, Dobromira Yotovska, Iva Teneva, Konstatin-Kiril Yosifov, Madlen Nikolova, Plamena Grozeva, Plamena Ivanova, Ralena Gerasimova, Svetlana Yordanova, Siana Velkova, Siyana Ulyanova, Tsveta Paunova

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Телевизионният дискурс в България: постмодерно, модерно, носталгия

Author(s): Orlin Spassov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The text highlights two main ways in which the television discourse in Bulgaria has unfolded in recent years. The first one is connected with postmodernism, but now it looks retro. The second is the result of the influence of social media and networks on television (digital modern-ism). The interweaving and complementarity between these two main types of television discourse produces effects of nostalgia, thus contributing to the maintenance of conservative myths and status quo.

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За отговорността на разказвача: „медиен разказ“ на Снежана Попова

Author(s): Orlin Spassov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

A review of the book “Media narrative” by Prof. Snezhana Popova, Dr of Soc Sci. Without a doubt, the introduction of the book “Media narrative” is an intellectual achievement of utmost importance for media research. Bulgarian research has long been in need of a resumptive wok. In the context of the enormous changes caused by the digital revolution, media narratives maintain their central role when forming messages to the audience. Therefore, it is still fundamental to understand the structure of narratives, the opinions and attitudes of storytellers, as well as the way stories are perceived by the audience. This book offers a key to such knowledge.

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Рефлексивно-синергетичен подход при обучението по математика

Author(s): Vassil Milloushev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The author makes synopsis of some basic investigations, devoted to the reflection and synergetics, and presents experience on their combination by construction of the reflective-synergetic approach in the education. The relations between the organization, self-organization and reflexion are examined. The experimental work shows the positive effect of the combined use of the activities of creating and transforming mathematical problems on the formation and development, in reflective-synergetic plan of complex knowledge and skills in students to perform the basic activity - problem solving, which confirms the thesis: reflective-synergetic effect of the combined use of the triad is expressed in self-completion, completion of the various subsystems of the system of opportunities that forms both the learner and the teacher as self-organizing personalities.

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Тематични и ценностни модели в образованието по философия

Author(s): Sonya Krancheva,Aneta Tumbeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

Teachers need to develop and improve their knowledge to be in favor of the newest methods and ways of teaching. They also need to share their practices both in personal and professional way. This opportunity was given by a new educational forum – a National Conference “Thematic and Value models in Education and Philosophy Teaching”. The event was held in South West University “Neofit Rilski”, Blagoevgrad on May, 10th – 11th, 2019. The organizers of the event were the Faculty of Philosophy from the South-West University and Regional Department of Education in Blagoevgrad. The conference aimed at enriching knowledge of teachers in both schools and universities, as well as giving opportunities for sharing good practices and finding innovative and common solutions of current issues in teaching and learning Philosophy. This was the second conference of the kind and it attracted more participants. There were different sessions in two days based on the humanity in Philosophy, new educational standards, civic education as a new school subject, innovative and modern methods of teaching and how to put films and video materials into practice in teaching. The second day of the conference aimed at new understanding about reason. There were valuable discussion about Religion as a school subject and an interesting article on Axiotopics. The final discussion pointed at the importance of such events finding common ways to deal with problems and presenting innovative methods and achievements which is a challenge for the new forum next year.

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Où est La femme dans les films de Kiarostami ?

Author(s): Radu-Cristian Andreescu / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2019

The aim of this paper is to analyse femininity as a cinematic depiction of uniqueness in three of Abbas Kiarostami’s films, Certified Copy, Like Someone in Love and a short film included in the anthology film Tickets, investigating the problem of universality and individuality in close connection with Jacques Lacan’s formula “The Woman does not exist”. Following the psychoanalytical approach that leads us to the problem of feminine jouissance and the way women escape from the phallocentric generalisation, we will emphasize the philosophical relevance of three recurring themes in Kiarostami’s films: woman’s identity, past-present continuity and artwork originality. This approach will allow us to grasp the problem of time, uniqueness, continuity and perception in Husserlian phenomenology and Gadamer’s philosophy of art, alongside the critique of truth in Heidegger’s ontology as well as in Austin&Searle’s “speech act theory”. The nodal point of these theories will be a concept of reality involving the consciousness and the interpretive acts of a subject and the woman’s role in expressing originality

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Spatialités et temporalités de l’environnement domestique dans l'image photographique: entre la représentation et la figuration des femmes brésiliennes appauvries

Author(s): Ângela Cristina Salgueiro Marques,Angie Biondi,Eduardo De Jesus / Language(s): French Issue: 23 (1)/2019

Les photographies documentaires, mais aussi les photographies de presse, font appel à des femmes démunies en tant que personnages appropriés aux différents types d'illustrations de maux sociaux. L’attention portée à la situation précaire d’innombrables femmes devient un aspect récurrent chaque fois qu’il faut faire face à la précarité et à la pauvreté. Dans ce texte, nous observons comment les person-nages féminins sont décrits à partir d’une étude comparative des deux régimes: l’information et le documentaire. Nous avons cherché à comprendre comment leurs modes d'enregistrement permettent des expériences visuelles distinctes, ce qui attes-terait des changements dans leurs formes de représentation et de figuration dans la culture visuelle, mais principalement dans la manière dont ces femmes apparaissent. *** Documentary photographs, but also photographs of the press, refer to impoverished women as characters appropriate to the different types of illustration of social ills. The focus on the precarious situation of countless women becomes a recurrent aspect whenever one must deal with precariousness and poverty. In this text we observe how female characters are portrayed from a comparative study between two photographic regimes: the informative and the documentary. We sought to understand how their modes of representation and figuration enable distinct visual experiences, which would attest to changes in their forms of representation in the visual culture, but mainly in the ways these women appear.

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Coverage of the problem of human trafficking in the media: content analysis of materials of editions of Russian Federation

Author(s): Makhzuna Bozorova / Language(s): English Issue: 23 (1)/2019

The mass media is a powerful and important instrument in the process of combating such a serious problem of the 21st century, as human trafficking. Covering this topic demands from representatives of journalism profession on having special experience and approaches, because it is connected with the process of difficult conversation with victims and accomplices of trafficking. It is on the one hand, but on the other hand – it is relative with intercourse with the representatives of law enforcement and power structures. Additionally, there is a row of characteristics and specifies of work with the sources of information, about which every journalist must be aware who is specializing on this topic, that was considered here. The article demonstrates the content analysis of these factors at the example of the materials of such newspapers and magazines of Russia as “Ogonyok” (“Light”), “Argumenti i fakti” (“Arguments and facts”), “Mir novostey” (“World of news”), “Migraciya XXI vek” (“Migration XXI century”) for 2009-2017 which were selected by the author.

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À la vie, à la mort. Le deuil au sein d’une communauté d’amateurs

Author(s): Cathia Papi,Guillaume Desjardins / Language(s): French Issue: 23 (1)/2019

This paper focuses on the specificity of interactions in a group of mourning created within a community of amateurs in a sociodigital network. it allows to observe that on the creation of a post-mortem digital identity of thedeceased constituting at the discretion of tributes is articulated with emphasis ofmemories, thoughts and affects also participating to the presentation of themselves and the bereaved. The comparison of the main results of analysis of this group with those of 4 other groups without community link, highlights that, in spite of the fame of the deceased, the collective dimension of the identity is more at stake than the individual dimension when the mourning is made within a community. *** Cet article s’intéresse à la spécificité des interactions ayant lieu dans le cadre d’un groupe de deuil créé au sein d’une communauté d’amateurs sur un réseausocionumérique. Il permet d’observer que la création d’une identité numérique postmortemdu défunt se constituant au gré des hommages s’articule avec la mise enavant de souvenirs, pensées et affects participant également de la présentation quefont d’eux-mêmes les endeuillés. La comparaison des principaux résultats d’analysede ce groupe avec ceux de 4 autres groupes sans lien communautaire fait ressortirque, en dépit de la notoriété du défunt, la dimension collective de l’identité est davantage en jeu que la dimension individuelle lorsque le deuil s’effectue au sein d’une communauté.

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Communication Practices in Asylum Seekers Reception Centres: from Information Precarity to Voluntary Return

Author(s): Amandine van Neste-Gottignies,Valériane Mistiaen / Language(s): English Issue: 23 (1)/2019

This article focuses on the complex communication constructed betweenthe Belgian Federal Agency for the Reception of Asylum Seekers (Fedasil)and asylum seekers: what do they say to asylum seekers? Why and how? Beyond themessage, it is the relation of communication (Wolton, 2018) between receptionauthorities and asylum seekers that is explored through the analysis of communicationduring the reception phase. As a consequence of the communication to asylumseekers’ being hardly visible (Van Neste-Gottignies & Mistiaen, 2018), they arefound to experience “information precarity” (Wall, Otis Campbell & Janbek, 2015).Although the “invisibility” of reception discourses seems to prevail, there is an exception:communication regarding voluntary return programmes. This article aimsspecifically to deeply understand this communicational practice to asylum seekers:what does it contain? Beyond the content: what different forms does it take? Why isFedasil communication on voluntary return to asylums seekers predominant? Theanalysis takes into account the complexity and variety of mediums of communication,from mediated forms of communication to face-to-face interactions. To studypractices, a corpus linguistics analysis is combined with field survey methods in aBelgian asylum seekers reception centre.

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Philosophy, Rationality and Decision-making: Basic Techniques and Tools of building the Human Mind

Author(s): Philip Ogo Ujomu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

This paper studies the viability of philosophy as a system of knowledge and its efficacy as a tool for decision making. Decisions are the key to life, given the existential predicaments human beings constantly confront and the fact that man is a purposive being. A being with a defined purpose is inevitably a being possessing rationality. Rationality is about the meaning and communication of our thoughts and actions. It is about the way that we manage our behavior and experience as humans. Our experiences commit us to courses of action- decisions, as seen in both the public and private domains. We are often confronted with choices or options about pathways or world views to follow or adopt. Such choices compel us to make decisions or take actions that have profound consequences on our lives and eventually on the lives of others. In some cases, decision making can be a mind boggling or tricky thing. Therefore, we may ask: Is there a way that philosophical thinking or knowledge can add value to the decisions made by people or even the capacity of people to make some decisions (moral, logical, epistemological, esthetic or political)? If the answer is yes, then what logical and empirical features of philosophy can facilitate constructive and valuable decision making in daily life or at higher levels of abstract thought. Through the use of examples and analysis, the paper shows that philosophy as knowledge system is particularly illuminating with regard to the ways our human minds form ideas or principles, and the role of ideas and concepts in building tools for coordinating the physical and mental aspects of reality. Reality is partly based on facts and phenomena, as well as value judgments, opinions, beliefs, tastes and preferences. How does philosophical knowledge help us to manage these dynamic and different elements in reality? This work emphasizes the qualitative or social elements that philosophy brings to bear on the material and mental aspects of human existence.

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How can we broaden Myopic Moral Horizons? The Role of Ethical Gradualism for ‘Moral’ Remapping

Author(s): Silviya Serafimova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

One of the main objectives of this article is to clarify why ‘mapping’ otherness in the era of the Anthropocene is not an axiologically neutral process. This hypothesis is elaborated by demonstrating how the proponents of both radical anthropocentrism and radical eco-centrism rely upon the center-periphery dichotomy when ‘mapping’ what they understand by other in both spatial and moral terms. In this context, I argue that overcoming the negative effects of so-called myopic moral horizons is possible by adopting the principle of ethical gradualism in an interspecies context.

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Свободата в контекста на руската етическа парадигма – част II

Author(s): Dobromir Dobrev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

Freedom in the context of the ethical views of the Russian classics – Berdyaev, Solovyov, Dostoevsky and others, is examined. Emphasis is placed on freedom and the enormous challenges to achieve it. The faith in Man and the possibility for divine incarnation is a distinctive characteristic of Russian religious philosophy. The second part examines Solovyov’s formulations of the Good and its realization. His polemics with Kant for the Moral Good and the Highest Good is presented here. Berdyaev’s thesis for the relationship between Man and God is also investigated. Just as Man needs God, God also needs Man.

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Мястото на интелекта в теориите за съзнанието от по-висок ред (ТСПР)

Author(s): David Peev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The central aim of this paper is to provide certain clarity regarding the question ‘What role does ‘the intellect’ play from the perspective of a Higher-order Theory (HOT) of consciousness. My hope is to show that there are grounds for the conclusion that there is a close relation between what we call ‘intellect’ and the evolutionary and adaptive processes that a biological system undergoes. As for the final result, my goal is admittedly modest – to merely outline a working definition of the term ‘intellect’, which is, however, compatible with evolutionary theory. Nevertheless, I hope that, if successful, such definition can facilitate future research in the field.

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Кант или Kант(ор)

Author(s): Valentin Asparuhov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The article aims to overcome the traditional standards in connection with the interpretation of Russell’s philosophical logic. The requirement which is needed for that aim to be done is the re-evaluation of a series of features in the British philosopher’s mode of thinking. The text is organized as it follows. 1) A mixture of some autobiographical storylines, which suggest the negative attitude of Russell to the tradition of transcendentalism. 2) Analysis of some selected sections from Russell’s unpublished manuscript from 1903/1904, which is rarely mentioned, too. In the context of the same manuscript, some indicators are visible, and they show that in his mental experiments transcendental counterparts of important logical puzzles exist. 3) It is maintained that the problems of philosophical logic and non-classical transcendentalism could be studied together relying on Critique of Pure Reason.

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Някои аспекти от църковното учение за духовната борба въз основа на съчинението на св. Йоан Касиан Римлянин „Събеседвания с отците“

Author(s): Stoyan Chilikov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The study focuses on some aspects of the church’s spiritual life, based on the work of St. John Cassian. “Conferences of the Desert Fathers”. The author seeks answers in the writings of the Reverend and the practice of the church about the emergence and overcoming of the confrontation of the Eucharist with asceticism and the Eucharistic spirituality with therapeutic spirituality. Тhe dependence of the ascetic views of Rev. St. John Cassian on Origen and Evagrius of Pontius, who prioritize the fight with passions, purifying the heart and contemplation of the life of the church was studied and analyzed in a discussion manner. For the purpose, were made parallels of the ideas of St. John Cassian’s work with the hymnographic texts of the liturgical tradition and other ascetic writings of the early Byzantine Fathers of the church. The text of the study raises the question of the existence of the therapeutic and eucharistic spirituality of the church separately from each other, as being extrinsic to the Orthodox church spirituality.

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