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Honza Zouhar a já

Author(s): Pavel Materna / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Na filozofickou fakultu UJEP (jak komunisté nazvali Masarykovu univerzitu) jsem nastoupil jako logik k 1. lednu 1965. Po řadě nedobře strávených a vlastní vinou i neschopností komunistického režimu daných nepříliš plodných let v Praze jsem se těšil na možnost využít v univerzitním prostředí obor, který jsem měl opravdu rád a o jehož moderní podobě jsem něco věděl od otce a od některých kolegů z období „aspirantury“. Brněnská fakulta a tehdejší katedra filosofie mě přijala velmi pěkně („stará garda“: prof. Macháček, doc. Nový, který katedru vedl, a kolegové Cetl, Gabriel, Hlavoň a postupně další přátelé z jiných pracovišť včetně nezapomenutelné sekretářky paní Libuše Doubkové). Proces seznamování probíhal postupně a nekonfliktně.

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Na začátku byla zvědavost…

Author(s): Pavel Spunar / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Dávno, někdy na počátku osmdesátých let minulého století, jsem poprvé zaslechl jméno mladého brněnského filozofa Jana Zouhara. Seděli jsme ve třech u kávy a padla otázka, zda by náš akademický Kabinet pro studia řecká, římská a latinská neměl s brněnským Ústavem pro výzkum společenského vědomí a ateismu uspořádat společnou vědeckou konferenci o pozdní antice a prvotním křesťanství. Nešlo o nic světoborného, ale přeci. Slovo „ateismus“ v názvu ústavu budilo emoce.

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Sprievodca filozofiou. Jedno osobné Ďakujem

Author(s): Erika Lalíková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Ak by sme sa preniesli do sveta rozprávok a ponorili sa do tej – možno jednej z najznámejších – o troch sudičkách a pokúsili sa uhádnuť, čo (by) „nadelili do vienka“ jednému malému chlapčiatku narodenému v milujúcej rodine pred 70 rokmi v Brne, začínalo by to akiste tým najvzácnejším – láskou. Láskou k rodine, mestu a krajine. Láskou k literatúre, divadlu, fi lozofi i a vede. A láskou k ľuďom, k prírode a všetkým jej darom. Nebudem rekapitulovať, neprislúcha mi to, ani hodnotiť, či sa sudičky mýlili. Či sa do bodky naplnili ich priania. Chcela by som sa len proste poďakovať človeku, ktorého si vážim a ktorého mám v hlbokej úcte, za roky, kedy sa stal aj mojím sprievodcom po svete filozofie, za množstvo podnetov, priateľské rady, ktoré mi neraz pomohli. Chcela by som sa poďakovať aj za študentov, ktorí u nás, na pôde bratislavskej Katedry filozofie a dejín filozofie FiF UK, mali tú česť počúvať prednášky pána profesora Jana Zouhara. Dodnes majú príležitosť čítať a pracovať s množstvom cennej literatúry, ktorej bol autorom a či spoluautorom. S pomocou práve aj týchto textov môžu hlbšie chápať podstatu stvárňovania potrieb vzniku filozofického myslenia v našom prostredí. Hľadania a uchopenia jeho rozmanitých podôb. Aj vďaka textom profesora Zouhara sa spolu formovalo niekoľko generácií (aj) bratislavských študentov filozofie (od bakalárov, cez magistrov, doktorandov, ako aj poslucháčov Univerzity tretieho veku), predovšetkým tých, ktorí mali chuť pochopiť postupné modulácie a podoby filozofického myslenia v Čechách i na Slovensku.

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Jan Zouhar jubilující – aneb Co není ve slovníku

Author(s): Petr Jemelka / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The text introduces Jan Zouhar as an important representative of contemporary Czech philosophy. It is an attempt to cover the breadth of his philosophical thinking, which extends from the historiography of Czech philosophy to some remarkable overlaps. For instance, we can mention the position of philosophy in the context of our spiritual culture, the place and role of tradition at present, and a reflection on the role that philosophy plays in human life.

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Zrušitelnost v normativních kontextech

Author(s): Jan Štěpán / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper defines normative contexts, describes the general concept of defeasibility and the logical means to its solution. It also illustrates defeasibility of legal norms on case studies.

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Jan, jídlo a pití

Author(s): Radim Brázda / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The contribution summarizes Jan Zouhar’s lectures in the series of light-hearted conferences titled Food, Drink and European Culture, which he gave in 2002–2019. Using examples and references, it places their themes into the context of philosophy of food, known as gastrosophy.

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Jan Zouhar. Stručný životopis a výběrová bibliografie díla

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Jan Zouhar se narodil dne 16. června 1949 v Brně. Po maturitě na Střední průmyslové škole stavební jej kulturní zájmy a humanitní zaměření přivedly ke studiu filozofie a češtiny na Filozofické fakultě Univerzity Jana Evangelisty Purkyně v Brně. Z učitelů filozofie na něho měli největší vliv zejména Jaromír Bartoš, Jiří Cetl a Lubomír Nový. Po absolutoriu působil dva roky jako středoškolský učitel a poté, v roce 1975, nakročil na vědeckou dráhu v Ústavu pro výzkum společenského vědomí a vědeckého ateismu ČSAV v Brně.

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"Niezwykły klejnot wiary", czyli o duchowej bliskości pietyzmu i oświecenia. Na przykładzie poezji religijnej Hansa Adolpha Brorsona (1694–1764)

Author(s): Krystyna Szelągowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This paper tries to present Pietism as a current and set of ideas linked to the Enlightenment, as a culture focused on individualism and “subjectification”, as well as on the need to dismantle the old authorities and hierarchies. Such a way of thinking is visible in the religious poetry at that time, with the Danish pastor Hans Adolph Brorson. His main work The Rare Jewel of the Faith (Troens rare Klenodie, 1739), a collection of hymns used in the Danish and Norwegian church till today, belongs to the canon of the Danish literature.

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Киркегор и Достоевски - Pro et Contra

Author(s): Nikolay Neychev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The work deals with the elucidation of the temporal problems (the questions of Chronos, Kairos and Eternity) in the worldview concepts of Kierkegaard and Dosto evsky. The text argues that the two authors are of the same mind only with regard to the detrimental effect of prophanic time (chronos) on human existence. But they are full antagonists on the issue of how the kairotic moment transforms meaningless time into the fullness of Divine Eternity. According to Kierkegaard, this is only possible through a vague revelation of man's inner subjectivity, while for Dostoev sky this is impossible to achieve without the act of divine incarnation, that is, with out the visible iconic presence of the Divine Person.

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Kant i Hippel, czyli obywatelskość jako wartość

Author(s): Leon Miodoński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article deals with the comparative approach of two philosophers of the German Enlightenment Immanuel Kant and Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel in the context of socio-political issues, primarily civil society, civil rights and civility. The article consists of three parts. First part – presentation of the era of Frederick II, in particular the concept of state reform, the formation of bourgeois consciousness and the role of Freemasonry. The second part focuses on the semantic analysis of the notion of “citizen” and the question of the change that took place at the end of the eighteenth century, namely the transition from the original meaning of “city dwelling” to a political and legal meaning. Kant’s practical philosophy takes up this theme. The third part is devoted to the analysis of the concept of “citizen” and the conditions and prospects for the development of civil society in the philosophy of Kant and Hippel. Hippel’s concept can be considered secondary to Kant’s. Nevertheless, both approaches – Kant’s and Hippel’s – grow out of the spirit of the age, the expectation of change, the prospect of a better world to come.

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Kłopoty z demokracją dziś

Author(s): Andrzej Szahaj / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The text is devoted to the problems of today democracy. Author tries to identify several of them. Very important are those which are connected with lack of liberal component in democracy (phenomenon of so called “unliberal democracy”). But he especially focuses on threat for democracy which is caused by today liberalism (neoliberalism) which inserts the economical dimension of social life above the political one. The main thesis of the text is that this process of depolitization of economical decisions is very dangerous for the democarcy because it makes it unimportant and even redundant for the citizens. It shows also that traditional connection of democracy and capitalism is not necessary and can be linked with the short period of Western history only.

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La tentation du mal. À propos “d’Un roi sans divertissement” de Jean Giono

Author(s): Krzysztof Jarosz / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

In 1946, only a year after the World War II, Jean Giono, who became famous in the years 1929-1939 as a writer describing the human’s struggle with nature, writes “A King Alone” (“Un roi sans divertissement”), a novel which surprises his past readers with one of the characters being a serial killer fulfilling the uncontrolled need for entertainment by killing people. Langlois, the gendarmerie captain tasked with finding the murderer, attempts to understand the motive of the criminal turned from a respected and exemplary citizen into a potential assassin. Not to become the felon’s imitator, Langlois commits suicide. Giono’s novel is a tale of evil inextricably linked to human nature (the murderer’s name is Monsieur V. like in “voisin” – neighbor). The novel did not gain the popularity it deserved because after the World War II evil was the most willingly looked for in the defeated countries of the Axis (Germany, Italy, Japan), and the communist-opposed author was blacklisted by National Writers’ Committee, controlled by the Stalinists. “A King Alone” is a personal reflection of a writer marked by war, constituting the expression of his most pessimistic vision of human nature influenced by Machiavelli, Hobbes and Sade. The message of the novel is ambiguous: on the one hand, Langlois prefers committing suicide over being a tool of evil residing in every person; on the other hand, he interiorizes Mr. V.’s motives by exploring them, thus becoming – like any other human in Giono’s view – a potential killer. Langlois’ last act, when he takes his own life, makes him a figure of dark Christ, permeated by evil, who sacrifices himself not to become another link in the chain of malevolent individuals passing on to the potential imitators the penchant for killing, understood here as the highest form of entertainment and the contemplation of human mortality, embodied by the victim.

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L’arte di vivere ne “Il professore di Viggiù” di Aldo Nove. Uno studio sulla vita umana sulla base di un’intervista mai avvenuta

Author(s): Dominika Kobylska / Language(s): Italian Publication Year: 0

The analysis presented in this article concerns one of the newest philosophical novels of Aldo Nove, entitled “Il professore di Viggiù” (2018). In the book the author presents an invented interview with mysterious person, by which he transmits reflections on human life in the modern world. The text evokes the existential issues concerning the increasingly precarious conditions in which people live torn between doubts about the reality of their own being. The aim of the research is to emphasize the motifs which can be seen in the work of the Italian writer and to answer the questions related to his way of showing the consumer society.

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Eleştirel Bir Akım Olarak Posthümanizmin Edebiyat ve Sanattaki Algısı

Author(s): Kamil Aydin / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Üzerinde hemfikir olabileceğimiz temel genel geçer bir gerçek, düşünme ve duyma yetisiyle insanın maddi ve manevi eklektik bir varlık olarak ilk çağdan günümüze özellikle eğitim aracılığıyla yaşama hazırlanma sürecinde bir yönüyle bilime diğer yönüyle de sanat ve edebiyata gereksinimi ve yatkınlığıdır (Burgess 1-8). Bu yatkınlığı göz önüne alarak bu bölümde eleştirel bir akım olarak görülen posthümanizmin edebiyat ve sanattaki algısı üzerine bir eleştirel tartışma sunulacaktır. Dönemsel ele alındığında açıkça görüleceği gibi insan yaşamıyla koşut bir bilim, felsefe ve sanat anlayışı söz konusudur. Örneğin, idealist veya ütopik bir yapıdaki klasik çağın, insanı, doğayı ve yaşamı algılama biçimi ile bunun sanat ve edebiyattaki izdüşümü arasında paralellik bulunmaktadır. Aynı biçimde ortaçağ, aydınlanma ve modern dönemin de kendi içlerinde böyle bir tutarlılık taşıdıklarına tanıklık etmekteyiz. Dolayısıyla bunu edebi ve eleştirel bağlamda somutlaştırmak gerekirse, dönemlerin tüm değer ve özelliklerini yansıtan bir klasik, skolastik, hümanist ve modernist süreçlerden bahsetmek olasıdır.

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Post-Hümanizm ve Posthümanist-Feminizm

Author(s): Meryem Ayan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Post’lar veya Postizm Çağı olarak da adlandırabileceğimiz bir dönemde, pek çok kavram post ön ekiyle akademik hayatta ve çalışmalarda yer edinmiştir. Bu makalede ele alınacak olan Post-hümanizm ve Posthümanist Feminizm, post ön ekiyle türetilen kavramlardan sadece iki tanesidir ve içinde yaşadığımız Post Çağı’nın en çok tartışılan kavramlarındandır. Post-modernizm ile başlayan post ön ekinin kullanımı, farklı kavramlarla ilişkilendirilerek karma ve bağlantılı kavramlar oluşturduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada amaç, Post-hümanist bağlantılı Feminizm anlayışını, değişimini ve gelişimini Posthümanist-Feminizm olarak ele almaktır.

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Yazında ve Sinemada Posthümanizm

Author(s): Simay Turan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Posthümanizmi Fransız yazını ve sanatı üzerinden okumadan önce, posthümanizmin epistemolojik olarak ne olmadığının kısa bir panoramasını sunmak yararlı olacaktır. Dolayısıyla René Descartes rasyonalizmi ve Ferdinand de Saussure yapısalcılığı, üzerinden geçilmesi gereken düşünce sistemleridir. Bunun nedeni ise Fransız yazınının ve sanatının, tarihi boyunca kavramları zıtlıklar üzerinden tanımlama yöntemini benimsemiş olan Batı düşüncesinden ayrı düşünülememesidir; nitekim sanat, içinde bulunduğu koşullara göre şekillenir. Sözünü ettiğimiz alışılagelmiş Batılı ve rasyonalist düşünceye göre kavramlara belli bağlamlarda anlam yükleyen ögeler, kavramların karşıtlarından başkası değildir.

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Pek İnsanca Bir Teşebbüs: Posthümanizm ve Etik

Author(s): Emine Aydoğan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Çağımızda “insan-dışı, insan-olmayan ve insan karşıtı, insanlık-dışı, ve insandan sonra gelene ilişkin söylemler ve temsiller” git gide artış göstermektedir (Braidotti, İnsan Sonrası 12). İnsan terimi etrafında yinelenen bu söylemlerden hareketle oluşturulan posthuman kavramı son dönemlerin en popüler kavramlarından biridir. Posthuman ya da insan sonrası kavramı, post- ya da sonra ekini işin içerisine dâhil eden “her kavramsallaştırma gibi, kavramın krizine, insanın bu tarihsel anda bir açmazda bulunduğuna” gönderme yapar (Öztürk 5). Bu kriz tek yönlü olarak ilerlemez. Francesca Ferrando Posthuman kavramı ile ilgili açıklamasında çağdaş akademik tartışmalarda insan kavramının bütünsel bir şekilde yeniden tanımlanması noktasında öne çıkan bir kavram olarak posthuman’ın bünyesinde farklı bakış açılarını barındırdığını ve bu yönüyle de insanlarda kafa karışıklığına neden olduğuna dikkat çeker (“Posthumanism, Transhumanism, Anti-humanism” 26). Bu bağlamda Posthuman kavramının kullanıldığı farklı kuramlardan biri de Posthümanizm’dir.

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К постановке вопроса о категории свободы в религиозно-философском ракурсе. Определение рамок свободы в избранных произведениях Людмилы Улицкой

Author(s): Zoja Kuca,Aleksy Kucy / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article is an attempt to analyse the category of freedom in the Russian religious and philosophical thought as well as interpreting this category in Lyudmila Ulitskaya’s selected works. The article offers some reflections on freedom in the view of Aleksey Khomyakov, Ivan Ilyin, Nikolai Berdyaev, Fyodor Dostoevsky, and other Russian intellectuals who considered is a substitutional element of human life and human functioning. The category of freedom presented in Lyudnila Ulitskaya’s works, “Daniel Stein”, “Interpreter”, and “The Kukotsky Enigma”, “About Body and Soul”, uncovers different facets of this phenomenon. The Russian writer approaches the multiplicity of interpretations of freedom through extraordinary figures, on the one hand, and through difficult subjects, on the other: human relations with God, survival of WW2, methods employed by the Soviet regime in their struggle with the Jews, the Holocaust. These are age-old themes in which the limits of freedom of an individual and the responsibility for the fate of others come to the fore.1

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THE VALUE OF HUMAN LIFE FROM A BIOETHICAL PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Stela Spînu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Life and death are fundamental antinomian concepts of human existence. Life as a process of becoming gives us the chance to realize ourselves personally and professionally. Man's attitude towards the value of life, in different historical periods, was different: for the ancient man, life is a complex process, which sums up contemplative and moral aspects, which would help him delimit truth from falsehood, value from non-value, etc.; for the medieval man, the moral life is in close correlation with the observance of church canons, intelligence being defined as the main instrument of morality; for the modern man, life holds supreme value; the postmodern man is confused and uncertain, discussing contradictory issues related to the meaning and value of life in the context of multiple overlapping crises (spiritual, moral, political, etc.). The issue of the value of human life becomes an object of study of bioethics starting from the second half of the XX century. Bioethics has always been focused on ethical-moral norms and values, human life representing the supreme moral value.

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Сътворение и/или еволюция: философски и естествено-научни аспекти, или апология на философския логос

Author(s): Stefan Penov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The main thesis of the author is that religion and science are the existential needs of the human spirit. But many see a contradiction between both. Where does it come from, and how can the original unity be restored? From the position of Hegel (Encyclopedia §1): “Philosophy and religion have as their subject the truth, and it is the truth in the highest sense of the word that God and He alone is truth." Further, both deal with the realm of the finite, nature and the human spirit, and their relationship to each other and to God as their truth. Science and religion have different fields of application, but they sort of illuminate the same objective reality from different points of view. Thus, they complement each other, they are not contradictory in themselves, but only in the scattered mind of the pragmatist, atheist thinkers, or the ignorance of the naive realist. And since man is created ontologically unified, he must find truth, peace and faith in the unity of his Self, which will lead him along the Path of Truth and Life. Religion and science can relate to each other as religious and secular, church and state, soul and body. The questions of creation and evolution are much more complex, and here are at least ten basic concepts between creationism and the materialist realism. More important is not whether there are developments and degrees of perfection in the world, but the question is: How has been constructed their determination and what are the causal links and interactions? All these problems are unsolvable without mastering and using the dialectical logic that began with Plato, but was created by Hegel and successfully interpreted and applied by Whitehead.

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