![The Research Activities of the Department of Ethnomusicology and Hymnology of the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin and its Music Archive Collections](/api/image/getissuecoverimage?id=picture_2015_23308.jpg)
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A basic democratic right of any person is free access to information. This right is supported by many international conventions, and it is incorporated in our own legislature. Archival institutions play a key role in the realization of this right, primarily through its user services. Laws and bylaws on archives and freedom of information make up a legal framework for implementing international standards on accessibility, while at the same time, they protect the public interest and individual privacy. There are other exceptions as well. One of the basic rules within the archival profession is the right to limit the use of disordered archival material, that is, not properly arranged and described material. Damaged records may also be withheld, or their use may be allowed with the special permission of responsible officials, granted that users apply extra care while handling them. In comparing the Law on Archives and the Law on Free Access to Information, we will analyze the rights granted to citizens, the obligations given to those who control the records and contained information, and the exceptions that may be warranted by specific situations, which are made possible by both of these laws. In the final analysis, we will see how these formalized solutions affect the user services of archival institutions and the users themselves, namely, the citizens.
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From the annual reports of public archives in Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina we can see that the greater proportion of users in the archives seeking material for the realization of some civil rights and a much smaller part of the research. Our group modeled after the published research of Anglo-American literature so far dealt with the study of users of researchers. But we see that needs to be addressed users, who are looking for evidence that they have completed a school, check the validity of some diplomas, seeking confirmation with which they can in a formal procedure entitled. Based on the literature and our own experiences of members of the group we have designed a profile “user of trouble”, called Jasmine and described her situation by model Carol Kuhlthau. Model of six stages many times confirmed in Library and Information Science. We confirmed it with user researchers in our previous publications. We found two problems in the model, when we use the “user of trouble.” One is that the model for the request by Kuhlthau predicts that the entire process carried out by the user. “The user of trouble,” I have no authority, to issue an official document, such as a copy of the land register and the like. This means that the whole process can not be executed by the user, but it plays a significant role andarchivist. Another problem, which we are in the preparation of the model felt that the design stage and the formation of the same answer, that among them there can be significant differences. Perhaps the adaptation of the model should combine the two stages. These adaptations will be tested in future.
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In the Republic of Macedonia, in the decades-long archival practice we adopted a number of laws and regulations which were intended to improve the relationship with individuals and institutions for the protection, preservation and use of documentation and archives and current records. There were inaccuracies and ambiguities in the legislation, a violation of certain rules had certainly result in a negative impact on the completeness of the documentation. To eliminate the existing gaps and weaknesses need to bring registries and archives together to preserve all parts of the archives and current records. After all, the inconsistencies in the implementation of regulations have its impact on the state and protection of documentation. In the previous period in the depots of the Archives of Macedonia has taken a huge documentation that is put into operation for all users, legal entities and individuals. That would be an illusion, that everything should be obtained from the holder. While there is time, at least for what else there is to take over as soon as possible in the archive, because the archives are objects, place and space, and safe which keeps the archival wealth of importance to each nation and state.
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Archival and regulations of all administrative levels and competencies (cantonal, entity, state), established penalties for negligent behavior with the registry and archival material, both in registry offices and archives. Consistent application of penal provisions should be in order to improve the existing situation - to encourage positive flows and prevents deformation and obstruction adequately dealing with the registry and archival material. However, although a significant number of registry and archives fails to comply with the legal definition, in practice, rarely sanctioned such actions, so that these legal provisions remain unused.What are the causes of this situation, what it all generates, the extent to which criminal policy system is appropriate, what should be changed and penalty provisions do stimulating leverage effectively dealing with the registry and archival material are some of the questions that the author searches for in this paper.
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This paper deals with the state and protection of audiovisual heritage of Bosnia and Herzegovina, where they give general indications on the state of the same, and it was pointed out that in Bosnia and Herzegovina has not paid due attention to this valuable cultural heritage. Audiovisual heritage is in possession of several owners and creators. The most significant collections of film material and structure of the films are in the Film Archive of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this institution were not created adequate conditions for the protection of that material, so that the material is exposed to constant decay. Employees of Film Archive of Bosnia and Herzegovina are doing everything in their power to reduce consequence, to have part of this valuable film heritage restored and part digitized and thus saved from further deterioration. Condition of audiovisual heritage which is in legal and physical persons is uncertain. To audiovisual heritage in Bosnia and Herzegovina has to be safe, it is necessary to take some concrete actions, and above all: to resolve the status of JU Film Archive of Bosnia and Herzegovina, add personnel to strengthen the institution, to bring relevant legislation, pay particular attention to the process of succession of audiovisual heritage of the former Yugoslavia, and continue work on the restoration and digitization of audiovisual heritage of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this way, this valuable cultural treasures can be saved.
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Migration of VHS tapes that are kept in archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially those with valuable recordings of key events of the local or regional character, recordings of cities and landscapes, family life and other recordings (which are not widespread) must be priority in the transfer from analogue to digital media. Migrating VHS tapes, ideally, should be done in professional conditions, with special equipment and trained staff for the same. However, considering the situation in which archives in Bosnia and Herzegovina operate, including the Archives of Tuzla Canton it is difficult to expect such investment in the near future, but tapes do not wait and are - decaying. Thus it was necessary to use our own means to preserve and migrate these records, especially bearing in mind that the shelf life of these tapes is only 4-5 years, and most of the recordings were made in 90ties. It is long due to save the material from these tapes and store it in the modern carrier of information that, itself in the process of obsolescence, can transfer recordings and preserve it for the next few decades. Until the new migration.
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The first scanning of archive material, and therefore photo collections in the Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina was carried out for the need of exhibitions and at the request of users, without an elaborate plan for creating a functional database, using inadequate equipment and without established standards and quality control. Its first professional equipment Archives obtained no sooner than around 2011, followed by scheduled scanning of photographic material. Lack of trained staff, no established standards of scanning, unverified storing methods and the absence of the similar practices in other institutions have forced employees to learn from their own mistakes and often only after several attempts to got the desired result. The end of this process is still far away, but until today the standards to be followed are established, the time from the selection and preparation of materials to the final result is shortened and image processing techniques of different formats and materials were improved. This paper will introduce some of the fundamental standards and concepts of digital imaging in the Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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In order to enable objective and scientific research of the causes, course and consequences of the Croatian Homeland War it is necessary to provide the availability of archives. One way to do this is certainly through the digitization of the archives. For that purpose - to store and search unconventional archives (documents, newspapers, photographs, maps and posters) from the period of the war, Database InArchive was created by the Croatian Homeland War Memorial and Documentation Centre and Inpro Company from Cakovec. Emphasis in the text will be on photo database - entry, description, search and use of digital photographies in compliance with copyright. The existing system can be upgraded and expanded by new functions depending on the needs of users, but also according to the demands of the archival profession.
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Since the discovery until today, photographs and postcards are inevitable in recording events and space. They are an important part of the archive material, we find them in various collections, personal and family funds, as well as museums, libraries and private collections. Photos are necessary for the establishment of visual communication with the past, and our notions of times past enriched with new knowledge. Photography is part of the visual heritage and completes the memory. This paper gives the basic information about the collection of photos and postcards Historical Archives of Sarajevo as well as the history of its origin, a process for sorting and analysis as well as summary information on the quantities of individual segments of the collection.
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Web sites of archives are used to support their business and serve as a modern source of information. They give information about the archive, its activities and all the archival holdings that are preserved in it. This paper gives acriteria analysis of Croatian and other national archives’ web sites. In the analysis we can see how archives publish and show content of their holdings, how they inform their users about their activities, services and give other news. The analysis also gives information about how much archive web sites have accepted new web trends and technologies.
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The use of modern communication channels, as a means of presentation of archival institutions, has ceased to be a trend and become a need. Website and social networks, as a result of development of new information technologies, the ideal media for presenting companies / institutions. Information is available to a large number of users, and a possible two-way communication as the biggest advantage of these media. Previous analyzes have shown that the Internet is still not taken the right place in the ordinary course of business archives in B&H. For the purpose of positioning the archive in Bosnia and Herzegovina in this segment, it is necessary to compare with archival institutions in the region. Analysis of the web page archive in Croatia will show how many differences and similarities in the use of modern communication channels and the degree of realization of the necessity to adapt to changes.
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The exhibition of archival documents (archive exhibitions) since the 19th century have become recognizable and constant content of the paper archives. Each exhibition of archival documents is an important archival project that requires teamwork, which is very important not only for the preparation and implementation, but also for the overall effect of the exhibition and which ultimately boils down to identifying the significance of archival activities. The exhibition of archival documents may be different, depending on the content, purpose, time, place and manner of presentation and others. Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina, including the special Archive of Tuzla Canton, long ago recognized the importance of archival exhibitions to promote the work of archives and archival activities. I want to archive this business reached large proportions. Exhibitions are used to animate the cultural public to understand the importance of archival documents and archival activities in their communities. In fact we have gone further, but the archival exhibitions become suitable vision interarchival and international cooperation archives, what is of great importance and exhibition activities of the Archives of Tuzla Canton.
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In the review of the development the development of archival theory and practice it can be concluded that topics on private archives were rarely dealt with. In states of real socialism this was understandable, because there was mainly no private ownership. After 1945 many private archives had been nationalized and came under the authority of the appropriate archival agency. In the guides through archival fonds and collections of individual archives only family and private fonds could be found. In modern democratic countries, problems related to private archives are addressed within the new archival legislation. Without doubt, private archives are of big importance for historical and other scientific researches. It is undisputed, that the use of archival records of dominions, estates and personal fonds, therefore private archives, by introduction of new informational technologies has significantly increased (SIRAnet etc).
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This paper reviews the most important developments in the field of archival service in the EU member states. It describes joint activities and projects, as well as proposals for the inclusion of archival and other cultural institutions in the framework of the Directive on the Re-Use of Public Sector Information by means of the obligations stipulated by the Slovenian Act on Access to Information of a Public Character. Also presented are the results of a statistical analysis of access to documents in archival reading rooms and on-line in the EU member states. The important role that national archives play in state administration and e-administration development is explained as well. The paper furthermore presents the proposal of the new General Data Protection Regulations intended to cover the sphere of archives. Finally, the paper describes the Council Regulation amending Regulation (EGS, Euratom) no. 354/83 regarding the depositing of historical archives of institutions at the European University Institute in Florence.
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If we take a closer look at the scientific and research work in the field of archival theory and praxis, some areas of archival science, especially those, which include archival records at creators, are tightly connected. Some thorough definitions are defined in Archival practice, published 2010. in Tuzla. The activities that are obligatory in the archival laws or similar legal acts and are brought to the field by competent archives are divided into many stages or working fields and the importance of cooperation when evaluating and eliminating archival records and when defining them is indisputable. The solving of technical questions depends on procedures and different standards set. There is a wide range of different knowledge that has been dealt with in scientific research and can be transferred to creators without any problems. The only obstacles are frequently related to financial capabilities. Therefore the solving of technical questions has to be tackled with serious research, but the capabilities of the environment, where archives work, have to be taken into consideration, too. Today, procedures that deal with archival records cannot be successfully handled without knowing the elements of information and archival science. Cooperation of archives and creators is set by law according to the development of archival theory and praxis. However, the cooperation must be based on mutual trust and respect. In this way the success is guaranteed.
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During development of modern archival services criteria for preservation and permanent storage of written documents for some institutions are beginning established in such manner that preservation and permanent storage of archives in the making becomes common concern in which archival service and creators of archival material are working together. The relationship between the archival service to institutions - the creators of archival materials requires a very serious approach that is reflected in the knowledge of creator's archive materials, its organization of work, keeping records on state of individual institutions, records on the state of archive materials, training of professional staff who are employees in these institutions, and thus identifying, evaluating and documenting archival materials in making. All this requires a high degree of expertise to determine the role and importance of the creator of archival material in society. In this way, the archive service will be able to follow modern trends, new technologies in the archives, and also with teamwork and with implementation of existing and enacting new legislation in this area will with categorization of creators of archival materials be able to carry out an adequate evaluation of archival materials that will be foundation for studying socio-political, scientific, cultural and historical events.
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Given that this is a new business that operates in our society, we can say that for a short time that a notary service existed in Bosnia and Herzegovina, it has done a lot for recognition and use of archival and office regulations. The Archives established cooperation and reviewed the statutory responsibility for oversight of all notaries who work in the Tuzla Canton, although there were some difficulties and attempts by some notaries, who attempted to challenge the jurisdiction of the Archives of Tuzla canton, in an attempt to deny the obligation to provide recorded documentation in an archive book and submission of transcripts of relevant records to the Archive. Legal grounds for denial of this obligation are shortcomings of the Law and the Rules of Procedure for notaries, who did not include nor anticipate such action. Also, the lack of laws and regulations governing the notary service is evident in the fact that it did not fully regulate keeping of documentation by the work of a notary. The legislator did not foresee the need for notaries to keep records in dedicated premises, like archives and depots. Because of the importance and significance of documentation created by notaries, evaluation of these documents can be classified into the first category. Documentation generated by notaries is no less worthy of documentation created by courts and other authorities and administrative services, such as municipalities. Therefore, we should devote our full attention to the documentation that comes from the work of the notary, in terms of its evaluation of the archival service, its storage in the appropriate space and equipment, and proper dealings with the responsible persons involved in its creation and care, until the relevant archives supervision and legal regulations are in place.
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Evaluation of medical records is of crucial importance for the archival profession and science. In order to successfully exercise its function, and justify the role it plays in society, the Institution has to fulfill the duties and devote needed attention to the office and archival business regarding medical and archival issues and thus approach the issue of evaluation of medical and non-medical documentation. Only in that way we can achieve the real goal, which is consistent evaluation of medical and other documentation, not only for development and the needs of medicine as a leading science in the world, but also society as a whole. To make use of medical records more efficient and easier, it is necessary to enter into the process of infomatization and creation of electronic databases in accordance with established norms and standards in this field. This issue will be given special attention in the future, and therefore show a high degree of responsibility in the evaluation of medical records by our institution.
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Photo and film materials, considering materials and methods of treatment, are different from the material on paper, so the preservation, protection and restoration of this type of inheritance are different. Since the beginning of photography in 1839, for creating images had used various methods and materials. Some of the materials were degrading themselves, while others were sensitive to the touch, and almost all photographic material is sensitive to light and microclimate conditions of storage.
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