Dzikie rośliny w leczeniu codziennych dolegliwości Lasowiaków (na podstawie badań Franciszka Kotuli)

Author(s): Lidia Maria Czyż / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

Medical first aid is needed at any time, in any community of people. This is may be difficult for groups isolated because of their place of residence. The ethnographic group of Lasowians, once inhabiting the region of the Sandomierz Primeval Forest, was extremely interesting because of its origins and daily occupations. This area was comprehensively explored by participants of the so-called research camps, organised by the Regional Museum in Rzeszów during the years 1960–1970. The research was mainly initiated by the historian and specialist in regional studies Franciszek Kotula (1900–1983). Those observing the daily life of the Lasowian villages, interviewed individuals who, being of middle age, could remember the realities and various aspects of their ancestors’ daily life. The various domains investigated included treatment of common illnesses with the use of wild or cultivated plants. The related findings, in a form of research reports, today are in the holdings of the Ethnographic Museum in Rzeszów. Analysis of these research reports, by reference to a Polish herbarium, as well as The Book of Herbs by Simon Syrenius, and contemporary literature discussing medicinal plants, shows that the use of plants in rural medicine changed little over the centuries. It is also interesting to consider the origins of medical knowledge presented by those providing premedical care, the question being whether the expertise was based on their own experience and long-standing practice, or perhaps the knowledge was transferred from written sources, present in the manor houses of the nobility, commonly employing rural women. In the 1930s, the areas inhabited by Lasowians were incorporated into the newly established Central Industrial Region, which radically changed the everyday living conditions of this ethnographic group. Its traditions are cultivated by amateur folk ensembles whereas the unique artefacts of Lasowian heritage are collected in the Ethnographic Park established in Kolbuszowa.

СТЕНОПИСИ ОТ КОСТА ГЕРОВ-АНТИКАРОВ В РАЙОНА НА САМОКОВ И ПРОБЛЕМЪТ ЗА ОПАЗВАНЕ НА КУЛТУРНОТО НАСЛЕДСТВО

Author(s): Vladimir Dimitrov,Rositsa Manova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 22/2023

The subject of the article are two little-known monuments from the Samokov region, partially painted by the Samokov painter Kostadin Gerov-Antikarov – the temple “St. Peter and Paul” in the village of Dospey and the church “St. arch. Michael” in the village of Prodanovtsi. In addition, the research examines the expertise and restoration of movable and immovable cultural values requiring restoring old and acquiring new knowledge. This necessitates leave the framework of pure history and classical art studies and locating the research in the field of modern theory and new technological research.

НОВООТКРИТ ПРЕСТОЛЕН КРЪСТ С РАЗПЯТИЕ НА ИИСУС ХРИСТОС В МИТРОПОЛИТСКАТА ЦЪРКВА „УСПЕНИЕ НА ПРЕСВ. БОГОРОДИЦА“ В САМОКОВ. ДАРИТЕЛСТВО – РЕСТАВРАЦИЯ – НАЧАЛНО ИЗСЛЕДВАНЕ

Author(s): Rossen Malchev,Rositsa Manova,Teodor Peev,Konstantin Rangochev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 22/2023

In the spring of 2023, R. Malchev made a donation for restoration and conservation of a throne cross with a Crucifix of Jesus Christ from the altar of the “Dormition of the Holy Mother-of-God” Metropolitan Church in the town of Samokov. The work process reveals that the Crucifix of the Christ was overdrawn probably in the late 19th – early 20th century. The original Crucifix was made in a studio outside Samokov, and the cross itself was made on the spot. The revealing of the original testifies that this is the work of a fresco master from the late 17th – first half of the 18th 78 century. Presumably, the author is representative of the Cretan-Venetian Art School. The artists from this art school are strongly influenced by the work of western authors, which is displayed in their works. Future research works will reveal how and why this particular Crucifix appeared in the town of Samokov.

САМОКОВСКИТЕ ХАЙДУТИ

Author(s): Hristo Yarlovski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 22/2023

The author tells about five of the most famous Samokov outlaws from the era of Ottoman slavery in the Bulgarian lands.

САМУИЛОВА КРЕПОСТ – ИСТОРИЯ НА ОБЕКТА И ВЪЗМОЖНОСТИ ЗА ЕКСПОНИРАНЕ

Author(s): Sotir Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 22/2023

The medieval fortifications of Tsar Samuel in the valley of the Strumeshnitsa River were first identified by Bogdan Filov in 1916. The National Park-Museum “Samuil’s Fortress” construction is a wellplanned and executed project. The first step is the settlement of the site’s legal status. In 1965, comes the declaration of Samuil Fortress as an architectural and structural monument of culture of Antiquity and the Middle Ages with the category “of national importance” (State Gazette No. 32/1965) and according to §10 of the Cultural Heritage Act (State Gazette No. 19/13.03.2009, amended and supplemented) has the status of a registered single archaeological immovable cultural property with the category “of national importance.” The second step includes the archaeological investigations from 1968 to 1976, which proved the identity of the registered fortifications on the Samuil Fortress hill with those described in medieval sources. Unfortunately, no strategic plan for archaeological investigations has been drawn up, and consequently, the entire length of the rampart has yet to be investigated. As a result, the configuration, the authentic level, the main approach to the fortification, the construction of the fortification on the hill, and its relationship to the rest of the fortification system built between the mountains Belasitsa and Ograzhden are not completely clear. The third step in realizing the Samuil Fortress relates to constructing King Samuel’s and his warriors’ sculptural compositions. The sculptor, prof. Boris Gondov is the author, along with the architects Rositsa Gon- 164 dova and Evgenia Kashavelova. As a result, in the construction of the memorial composition at the foot of the Samuil Fortress hill, a harmonious synthesis between architectural, sculptural volumes and the natural setting, set against the backdrop of the Belasitsa and Oгражден mountains, was achieved. The fourth step relates to the work of the National Institute of Immoveable Cultural Heritage. In just three years, from 1980 to 1982, the institute developed a complex project for the conservation and exposure of the Samuil Fortress. Opened on 23.10.1982, the National Park-Museum “Samuil’s Fortress” is more a memorial, monumental-decorative, and artistic than an archaeological and historical view of Bulgarian history. It creates a significant gap in the exposition related to the importance of King Samuel and the Battle of the Kliuchka Gorge for Bulgarian history. Our joint project with Billa Bulgaria from 15.07.2020 allowed the use of possibilities for virtual exhibitions that do not require a physical display, have relatively low maintenance costs, and offer online access. During the project, the exhibition concept was significantly changed. Among the essential activities are the 16 holographic showcases and one holographic pyramid, a Plexiglas’s frame with graphics of the protective facilities and dugouts, and their interactive presentation, respectively, videos with subtitles in English.

ФОЛКЛОРНАТА БАЛАДА „ДЕВЕР И МЕЧКА СТРЪВНИЦА“ (Инвариантни идеи и митопоетична образност)

Author(s): Todor Mollov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 22/2023

The article deals with the problem of the invariant of the ballad’s folklore plot, in which a bear fights a bear. In the variants of the song, this happens during the return of the wedding to the bride, and after the victory the bridegroom takes her as his wife. The possibility of replacing the bridegroom with a son-in-law arises from the fact that in the mythoritual invariant they are most likely a pair of twin brothers, which encodes the dual nature of the shamanic-type priest (the division of “soul” and “body”). In such a case, the fight with a bear is localized at the point of transition through the celestial axis guarded by the constellation Ursa Major. After defeating the bridesmaid (the more active and dynamic “soul”), he can replace the passive “body” and take his bride. In general, the song is an echo of an ancient mythopoetic plot that describes a shamanic-type wedding priest with his magical (heavenly) choice.

„ФАТА ИДЕТ ОТ ДУНАВ НА ВОДА, САЛЬКО ИДЕТ ОТ СОЛУНА ГРАДА“ – ГЕОГРАФСКИ И ПРОСТРАНСТВЕНИ ПРЕДСТАВИ В ПЕСЕННИ ТЕКСТОВЕ ОТ ОБЛАСТТА ГОЛО БЪРДО, АЛБАНИЯ

Author(s): Veselka Toncheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 22/2023

The text presents songs from the repertoire of the region of Golo Bardo, Albania, with a focus on geographical names and spatial ideas used in their lyrics. They illustrate the knowledge of its own, neighboring and foreign space and, more generally, of the location of the area on the Balkan map as a part of the Bulgarian historical territory.

СВЕТИ ИЛИЯ И БАЛИ ЕФЕНДИ ИЛИ ИСТОРИЯТА НА СЪЖИТЕЛСТВОТО НА ДВЕ РЕЛИГИИ

Author(s): Dilyan Tsvetkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 22/2023

Over the past century, the capital’s district Kniazhevo offers an opportunity to glimpse not only into the coexistence of the different ethnic groups of the young state of Bulgaria but also into the coexistence of the religions – the tomb of Bali Effendi and the church of St. Elijah. Here, struggles for supremacy take place in order to add value to the world and understanding.

УПОТРЕБИ НА ПАРЕМИИ В СЪВРЕМЕННИТЕ МЕДИИ

Author(s): Vladimir Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 22/2023

The article focuses on the uses of folk paremiology in the modern Internet space. Special attention is paid to the role of proverbs and sayings and their place in news, commentary discourse, as well as in entertainment programs. The author examines a specific proverb and its functions in a modern context by juxtaposing traditional and current manifestations of folklore.

Ewolucja pojęcia jakości i metod otrzymywania olejków eterycznych; znaczenie w historii nauk medycznych wybranych olejków eterycznych z obszaru Morza Śródziemnego

Author(s): Małgorzata Biniecka,Małgorzata Wrześniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

Many scientific works indicate that essential oils are used in the treatment of many diseases and are of particular importance in aromatherapy, given the science of the existing balance between the mental, neurological, endocrine and immune systems. The paper will take into account the evolution of the methods of obtaining essential oils, methods of testing their quality and use. In addition, selected essential oils produced and used in the Mediterranean area will be described.

Najstarszy zachowany leksykon przyrodniczy na ziemiach polskich. Z warsztatu filologa i wydawcy. Kwestie edytorskie, perspektywy badawcze

Author(s): Piotr Wolski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

This article presents the main issues related to the development and critical edition of the oldest manuscript entirely devoted to the subject of botanical, zoological and pharmaceutical and originating from Poland. Such an issue requires a more detailed discussion and precise presentation to a broad audience not only due to the specific and atypical nature of the research papers, differences in the development of common-use Latin texts and literary texts but also due to its importance for other fields of science: the history of pharmacy and medicine. The article comprises the initial status quaestionis over the manuscript number ms225 – the opus of Jan Stanko, dated 1472, stored away in the Archives of the Krakow Cathedral Chapter. The manuscript has not yet been the subject of a detailed study; some crucial remarks on its subject are included in Józef Rostafiński’s Średniowieczna Historya Naturalna w Polsce, published in Cracow in 1900. By profession, Rostafiński was a botanist, thus his coverage vastly differs from the method in which the text would be analysed by a classical philologist and a book publisher. The article provides preliminary findings on the history of the manuscript, its characteristics and peculiarities, and also raises issues related to the methodology of codicological research facilitating the understanding of the text, including the complexity of the lexis used in the text. Parles the specifics of research on ancient texts that are not Piotr Wolski literary works. The final part of the article illustrates the main objectives: source and linguistic research, the principles of editorial work, as well as further research perspectives.

За мисията на съвременния български езиковед

Author(s): Vladislav Milanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The article deals with the role of the contemporary Bulgarian linguist in the complex processes of codification of literary-linguistic norms. The text is linked to the 75th anniversary of the eminent Bulgarian linguist Prof. Vladko Murdarov. The object of the analytical observations in the text are problems related to the codification of literary-language norms, to the curricula and textbooks on Bulgarian language in secondary school; to the notion of language policy, as well as to the issues of the public image of the Bulgarian language in the media space. A brief overview is given of important historical processes that have shaped the development of the Bulgarian language and its science. The author summarizes the important features that every contemporary linguist should possess - depth of linguistic knowledge in synchronous and diachronic terms, a sense of the dynamics of linguistic processes in order to be able to objectively reflect the complex processes of language development, linking them to the complex and dynamic processes of social development.

Етнолингвистични проекти и приложението им в образователния процес в чуждоезикова среда

Author(s): Maria Dobrikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The article presents the characteristics of two research projects conducted by the Department of Slavic Philology in the Faculty of Arts at Comenius University in Bratislava, focused on the field of ethnolinguistics and ethnophraseology, which pertain to the perception of the supernatural in languages and cultures of the West Slavic and South Slavic areas. Particular emphasis is placed on the perspective of applying the knowledge gained during the research in the educational process, for instance, within lectures such as “Slavic Linguistic Image of the World”, “Slavic Phraseology”, “Slavic Dialectology”, as well as in designing topics for final papers, and so on.

Диференцирано преподаване в час по чужд език – слушане с разбиране и четене с разбиране чрез LearningApps

Author(s): Nikolina Iskarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

Listening comprehension and reading comprehension play an essential role in foreign language acquisition, but learners differ on a number of indicators related to this aspect. The aim of this paper is to examine different options for the effective use of the LearningApps online platform in differentiated instruction in a foreign language classroom when the focus is on developing listening comprehension or reading comprehension skills, since a differentiated approach implies greater learner emotional engagement, greater motivation to learn, and better learning performance compared to a non-differentiated one. In order to achieve this goal, the views of scholars in the fields of psychology, pedagogy and language teaching methodology are taken into account. Based on the analysis, a number of requirements are derived for the teacher in using LearningApps to develop learners' skills on the speech activities under consideration.

Радиото в цифровата постмедийна ситуация - между изкуствения интелект и човека

Author(s): Alexandra Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 14/2023

Radio is the oldest electronic media that is the first to reflect technological leaps in the media world. At the end of 2022, the technology based on artificial intelligence makes a qualitative leap and perceptibly enters all spheres of social and cultural life. This is also the period in which artificial intelligence begins to create individual broadcasts and later - entire radio programs. The potential of this new technology to replace the human factor is substantial. This research focuses on the future of radio and the impact of AI technology on radio producing.

Простихме се с изявен изследовател на българската общност в Чехия. Мирям Моравцова (1931–2023)

Author(s): Vladimir Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

In memoriam

Отиде си изследовател на фолклора на словаците в България. Вера Гашпарикова (1928–2023)

Author(s): Vladimir Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

In memoriam

Проблемите на медицината и здравеопазването в СССР след Втората световна война на страниците на съветската специализирана преса

Author(s): Vladimir Gamza / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The article shows how the trends and problems in the development of medicine and health care in the former USSR in the post-war period are reflected in the specialized Soviet journals. The article analyzes how the following topics are considered in medical newspapers and magazines: the relationship between science and practical medicine, the use of innovative technologies for the treatment of various diseases, the features and principles of management of the healthcare system, the influence of political and ideological factors on the processes of decision-making in the field of medicine and health care, etc. The content, structure and specifics of some printed publications are examined in detail. Special attention is paid to the popular science journal “Zdorovye“ (Здоровье) - “Health“

Интервю на А. Касабова и К. Попова с д-р И. Панова – „Изоставените деца на България няма кой… едно време нямаше кой да се оплаква за тях, и ние бяхме техните родители“

Author(s): Anelia Kassabova,Kristina Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

Г. Георгиев. Традиции, памет, идентичност на българите в Украйна и Молдова (Динамика на културата в диаспора). София, 1922.

Author(s): Sonya Sredkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023