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Safevi devletinin kuruluşu, daha önceki İslam ordularının İran coğrafyasına girişi ve Moğol istilaları gibi tarihin önemli olaylarından kabul edilmektedir. İslam sonrası dönemde ilk defa olarak İran toprakları bir Türk hükümdar altında birliğini sağlamıştır. Bölgenin önemli uzmanlarına göre Safevi devleti ideal bir Türk Devletidir.177 Bunun ardından günümüzdeki modern manada olmasa da İranlılık kavramı tekrar bir kimlik olarak ortaya çıkmaya başlamıştır. Şah İsmail, Oniki İmam Şiiliğini devletin resmi mezhebi yaparak, Sünni Osmanlı ve Özbek devletlerine karşı kendi devletini ideolojik olarak ayakta tutacak ve onlara karşı bir mücadele edecek bir unsur sağlamış oluyordu. Toynbee, Tarih Üzerine Çalışma adlı eserinde bu ortaya çıkışı, Şiiliğin dirilişi ve İslam tarihinde bir sapma olarak değerlendirmektedir.178 Şüphesiz ki Anadolu ve İran’daki Türkmen unsuruna dayanan Safevi devletinin kuruluşunu incelerken Osmanlı devleti ile olan ilişkileri değerlendirmek bir nevi mecburiyettir. Safevi devletinin kuruluş felsefesi ve dış siyaseti gereği ilk hedefi Anadolu ve Osmanlı Türk hakimiyetidir. Bu bağlamda kuruluş esnasında temel sorunlar Osmanlı Türk Devleti ile yaşanmıştır. Bu çalışmada ise Safevi devletinin kuruluşunun Türk ve Bölge jeopolitiği üzerine etkisi ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır.
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This study will research the various nationalism concepts and principal Turkish Nationalism’s movements as an essay in characteristic foundation of the nations’ ethnic base. The Nationalism Concept was much considerable theme for the current and last 20. th eras. Unfortunately our research will also prove to us of thus main important concept wasn’t studied deeply and by a profound methods didn’t improved for these rising process of the nationalism trend events. In case this research’s aim will be to fill some blank absences of the nationalism concepts throw within such fundamental ethnicities as ethnology science branch, include academic area. Firstable, when the Nationalism was taken up as a branch of the social science matter is ran into 1920 and 1930’s years. Recently evidents was Carleton Hayes’s studies, also 1940’s could put on nationalism concept of the academical world’s agenda. For progress of the nationalist ideology and which was produced within ability of no answer to influence and one countries useful contribution for the sake of nationalist concepts’ development these variants was discovered. Current works’ dispersive point from first term’s works was thorough examination of the deal with subject, also their effort performace could clearly clarified their modern and comparatively glance angle all right. Afterward years, colonial empires’ solutions effect was increased those issued nationalism studies. Together doing accents to some factors, we could perceive all seekness thus nationalism as such kinds of the modernization process’ part or product.
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After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Russia and the other 15 independent republics remaining from the former USSR emerged. Russia is still pursuing an ideology which regards these independent republics, being Russia's colonies for 75 years, as its own property. The reason is that Russia made countless investments in these independent republics and caused them to be economically and politically dependent upon each other like a chain. The coup d'état staged during the vacation of Gorbachev in 1990 continued with the independence declarations of 15 republics. Russia, which can be deemed as the continuation of the USSR, did not admit this fact in order to be released from the heavy dept that it owes to these independent republics. The first countries joining the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) were Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine. Russia, by signing an alleged Confederation treaty with these 3 strong countries, was threatening the other counties and showing itself off.
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Content of the main Bulgarian scientific journals for the current year in linguistics, literature, history, folklore, ethnography, archaeology and art studies
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Bulgaristan’da son dönemde yaşanan Başmüftülük krizi, ülkenin etnik ve dinsel azınlıklar konusunda sağladığı hakları ve azınlıklara karşı izlediği politikaları bir kez daha gündeme getirmiştir. Yaşanan bu kriz, ülkedeki Müslüman ahalinin sinirlerinin her geçen gün biraz daha gerilmesine neden olurken; etnik ve dinsel barışın da risk altına girmesine neden olmaktadır.
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The text is an introduction into the main trends in the understanding of landscape with an emphasis on "cultural landscape". The article develops the idea of a museum which presents and interprets cultural landscapes connected to places and areas of social activities and perceptions. The aim is to analyze the relationship between the museum as a venue and setting for the presentation of lifestyles and audiences associated with the territory as a lived and experienced entity. The text reveals diverse readings of the relationships between people and their places of living, the historical changes in the relations of men and nature and its transformation into living environment. The re-evaluation and the re-valorization of important moments in the lives of citizens understood as active builders of a specific territory and ways of life are also discussed. The article presents the creation of the cultural landscape in the contemporary situation and analyzes the position of the museum as part of the landscape as well as the presentation of cultural landscape in expositions.
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Azerbaycan ekonomisinde zıraat alanlarının kalkınmasına olan ihtiyac, paralelinde tarım üretiminin de hızla artırılmasını gerektirmektedir. Torprakların verimli şekilde kullanılablmesi için, verimliliklerinin korunması çok önemlidir. Kurak topraklarda verimliliği artırmak için sulama şebekesinin kurulması yanında, toprakların tuzlanmadan arındırılması da önemlidir. Bu nedenle bu tip arazilerde kollektor-drenaj siteminin kurulması çok önemlidir. Makalede Nahçıvan Özerk Cümhuriyetinin ovalık bölgelerinde toprakların verimli kullanılması, onların verimliliğinin artırılması problemleri araştırılmış ve öneriler getirilmiştir.
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The demographic crisis is one of the most typical characteristics of the drastic changes in Bulgaria. It is due mainly to the problems as follows: unsteady political situation, deterioration of living standard and intensification of ethnic problems. The entry into the European Union means that Bulgaria has accomplished the difficult transition, but the demographic situation has not been improved after that.
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Focusing on the modern Bulgarian culture in the period between 1878 and 1944, this article explores the role of modern nationalism in forming the special attitudes in Bulgarian society towards values of traditional culture. The main accent is put on the place of National ethnographic museum as a key element of creating and spreading the knowledge about the romantic past of the nation and its significance as a cultural heritage in the present. The next topic in the analysis is closely connected to the question of how museum acted as a mediator in the field of culture in the examined period. Why the modern Bulgarian urban population decorated its homes with things that are similar to (or the same as) the traditional ones, what was accepted as original and where is the place of the aesthetic – these are amongst the principal questions in the article.
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The article shows the weakness of mainstream Polish political science. Its main weakness,according to the author, is omitting the industrial and corporate power conflict among the factorsdetermining the contemporary politics. As a result, the relations between political science andpolitical economy have become weak. Its place as a source of inspiration for political scientists hasbeen taken by social philosophy. It seeks the various non-economic sources of politics. Thepostulated critical political science puts in the spotlight the main processes of the global capitalisteconomy located in a phase of stagnation and closing in on the natural limits of its duration. Inparticular, closer attention should be focused on tracking a new, already the fifth configuration ofthe market society. It will be the several partial processes weave; the recovery process of autonomyby the state to corporations and the financial sector (deglobalisation); the process of recoveringcontrol of the state by the old and new social movements (democracy participatory), and the processof transformation of the energy economy, coupled with the process of changing lifestyles: fromconsumerism to paideia as a human community responsive to
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HORIZON 2020 MARIE SKŁODOWSKA-CURIE, INNOVATIVE TRAINING NETWORK, EUROPEAN JOINT DOCTORATE PROGRAMME URBANHIST. HERITAGE AND GENEALOGY. THE CONFERENCE OF YOUNG HISTORIANS VI : MIGRATION PROCESSES IN EUROPE’S HISTORY. CRISIS OR THE DAWN OF CIVILIZATION? FACTS, INTERPRETATIONS, MEMORY – WORKSHOP FOR THE STUDENTS OF HISTORY. CURRENT RESEARCH QUESTIONS OF THE MINORITY POLICY AND ETHNIC RELATIONS IN THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURY. PRICE OF VICTORY”. ABDUCTED CITIZENS FROM SLOVAKIA AND NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES INTO THE USSR IN THE YEARS 1944 – 1945.
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