Létezik-e szocialocén?

Author(s): Zsuzsa Gille / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 25/2019

The goal of this essay is to reevaluate state socialism’s environmental record. Zsuzsa Gille argues that state socialist modernity had its own view of nature and materials, as well as a largely misunderstood ethical stance to consumption that is ignored in today’s studies of capitalocene examining the interrelations of capitalism and climate crisis. This article provides a view not so much of the environmental advantages and disadvantages of central planning or “backwardness,” but rather demonstrate a unique economic logic that arguably carried some potential for a greener postsocialism. Instead of returning to the rightfully criticized Anthropocene term, however, Zsuzsa Gille argues for a more central role for waste and materiality in our understanding of the current dilemmas around global environmental problems.

A parasztok maguk csinálják történelmüket, de nem szabadon

Author(s): Philip McMichael / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 25/2019

This essay employs contemporary peasant mobilizing discourses and practices to evaluate the terms in which we understand agrarian movements today, through an exercise of historical specification. First, it considers why the terms of the original agrarian question no longer apply to agrarian change today. The shift in the terms corresponds to the movement from the late‐nineteenth century and twentieth century, when states were the organizing principle of political‐economy, to the twenty‐first century, when capital has become the organizing principle. Second, and related, agrarian mobilizations are viewed here as barometers of contemporary political‐economic relations. In politicizing the socio‐ecological crisis of neoliberalism, they problematize extant categories of political and sociological analysis, re‐centring agriculture and food as key to democratic and sustainable relations of social production.

Forradalmi stratégia egy felmelegedő világban

Author(s): Andreas Malm / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 25/2019

It doesn’t take much imagination to associate climate change with revolution. If the planetary order upon which all societies are built starts breaking down, how can they possibly remain stable? Various more or less horrifying scenarios of upheaval have long been extrapolated from soaring temperatures. In his novel The Drowned World from 1962, today often considered the first prophetic work of climate fiction, J. G. Ballard conjured up melting icecaps, an English capital submerged under tropical marshes and populations fleeing the unbearable heat towards polar redoubts. The UN directorate seeking to manage the migration flows assumed that ‘within the new perimeters described by the Arctic and Antarctic Circles life would continue much as before, with the same social and domestic relationships, by and large the same ambitions and satisfactions’ – but that assumption ‘was obviously fallacious’. A drowned world would be nothing like the one hitherto known. In more recent years, the American military establishment has dominated this subgenre of climate projection. Extreme weather events, the Senate learned from the 2013 edition of the ‘worldwide threat assessment’ compiled by the US intelligence community, will put food markets under serious strain, ‘triggering riots, civil disobedience, and vandalism’. So far, the sworn enemies of revolution have dominated this frenzy of speculation. Little input has come from the other side: from the partisans of the idea that the present order needs to be overthrown or else things will turn out very badly. But if the strategic environment of counterinsurgency is shifting, so is – by definition – that of revolutionaries, who then have just as compelling a reason to analyze what lies in store. The imbalance in the amount of preparation is glaring. Those who pledge allegiance to the revolutionary tradition – in whose collective mind the experience of 1917 will probably always loom large – should dare to use their imagination as productively as any writer of intelligence reports or works of fiction. One might begin by distinguishing between four possible configurations of revolution and heat.

Üzemanyag és társadalmi változás (Andreas Malm: Fossil Capital; Timothy Mitchell: Carbon Democracy)

Author(s): Mátyás Domschitz / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 25/2019

For thousands of years Sun was the source of energy that was necessary to the reproduction of human communities. Sunlight gave energy to plants that served as food for people and for their domesticated animals. In the 19th century this renewable source of energy was replaced by coal and later by oil. These two, more effective energy sources are the results of million years of rotting. As Sartre put it, they are "capital bequeathed to mankind by other living beings". This review confronts the competing arguments of Andreas Malm and Timothy Mitchell on the rise of fossil energy sources and on its social implications.

A kultúra közjó

Author(s): Virág Buka,Kristóf Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 27/2020

This article focuses on the emergence of the paradigm of solidarity economy and of the commons in the field of professional cultural production. We unfold the possible mutual cooperation of cultural producers and commoning social movements by examining the case studies of the Resonate music streaming co-op and of the Dutch Stad in de Maak housing-initiative. The case of the Resonate exemplifies how cultural producers can reorganize their industry in a cooperative way to hinder capitalist value extraction. Another type of encounter takes place between culture and commons when cultural producers utilize their knowledge and skills in various solidarity economy projects. We demonstrate this possibility through the case of the Rotterdam-based Stad in the Maak, where the artist-architect founders launched a long-term community housing initiative.

Mozgalmi szakszervezetiség és szolidáris gazdasági gyakorlatok Kelet-Európában

Author(s): Nóra Fülöp / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 27/2020

The six organizations described in the following essay implement different practices of solidarity economy in Southern and Eastern Europe. The first initiative described is ROZA, which supports serbian women workers in labor law issues. Then the activity of Women's Foundation for Reconstruction from Belgrad will be described, which enable economic and political independence for progressive groups, as well as individuals who fight against women's oppression, ethnicity or militarism. In addition will be the Croatia based BRID presented, an initiative that develops trade unions and supports workers. The third section of the text describes a project, the Workers´ University, that supported a factory occupation in Bosnia and Herzegovina with the aim of getting the plant under self-management and restarting its production. The second last solidarity economy example will be Solidarity Network, which is uniting trade union struggles to increase the political power of organized workers in the precarious economic environment in Georgia. The essay is to be concluded with the case of the Croatian Cooperative for Ethical Financing, which aims the economic and energy independence of communities through the establishment of a cooperative and its ethical bank, that focuses on social reproduction and is about to fulfill the financial needs of cooperative members. The purpose of this essay is to inspire progressive people, as well as initiatives and encourage their cooperation.

Az állam mi vagyunk

Author(s): Zoltán Sidó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 27/2020

According to international case studies on the topic, the rapid and efficient scaling of solidarity economy initiatives requires interventions from the state. This paper analyses three types of state interventions: first, changes in the financial and legal regulations of cooperatives and solidarity economy projects; second, policies that aim to relocalize the economy on a municipal level; and third, efforts to transform state infrastructure in a green and democratic way. We illustrate all three types of interventions with actual case studies.

„Ha frankó, akkor úgy megy, mint a zsebóra” Szövetkezetiség, csettegők és technológiai önrendelkezés

Author(s): Márton Szarvas,Soma Ábrahám Kiss / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 27/2020

The article shows the importance of technological autonomy for the reproduction of social solidarity economy networks through international and Hungarian examples. It argues that technological innovation is necessary for such projects. Through an example of a handmade agricultural vehicle the article demonstrates the way people tend to organize the necessary technological tools for their social reproduction. The case study is situated in a region called the “Golden Triangle”. Here specialized cooperatives were established where the local lands could be cultivated only through technologically or labor-intensive ways, while the goods produced, like grape, sour-cherry or elderberry, were profitable enough on a small scale. Parallel to the development of specialist cooperatives, locksmiths started to put together vehicles, which were capable of maneuvering in tight rows and deep sand. These were adapted from engines and chassis of Soviet military vehicles. According to our argument the liberalization of the production of agricultural vehicles in the region stimulated employment through the creation of entrepreneurs, while at the same time it enabled the necessary technological innovation required to maintain productivity.

Munkás-önigazgatási kísérletek Magyarországon

Author(s): Eszter Bartha,Tamás Krausz,Erzsébet Szalai,Zoltán Sidó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 27/2020

There were several attempts on workers’ self-management throughout the 20th century in Hungary: multiple factories were occupied by workers during the end of the 1st and 2nd World Wars, the revolution of 1956 and the regime change of 1989. Erzsébet Szalai, Tamás Krausz and Eszter Bartha are experts on this topic. In this interview they walk us through the various attempts on workers’ self-management and talk about the difficulties and dilemmas of movements that try to seize the means of production.

The Management of Teaching in Online and Blended Learning Applied in the Project “Modern Competences of Academic Teachers – the Key to Modern Higher Education Institutions” – Acronym MOCAT

Author(s): Roxana Ştefănescu,Mariana Iatagan,Cristian Uţă / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The management of teaching is connected and could be increased by using a wide range of different methods especially when we refer to Online and Blended learning. In the first part, the paper is aiming at reviewing the literature regarding the concepts and benefits of Online and Blended learning. Based on this considerations, 8 partner universities from 8 countries jointly developed the Project “Modern competences of academic teachers – the key to modern Higher Education Institutions (HEI)” – Acronym MOCAT. The paper underlines the goals and achievements of the MOCAT project that proposes a conceptual process to increase the management performance in teaching. The paper shows in an organized manner the main deficiencies that are altering the teaching competencies of academic teachers and in connection with this, the project offers solutions to improve the methodological competency of the teachers regarding the development and use of modern approaches. The outcomes of the project consist in the development and implementation of a Multicultural Model of an Academic Teacher Competencies and in 10online courses that represent modern training materials in the field of teaching methodology. In the end are exposed the way the results of the project can be evaluated in time as well as the anticipated effects of the project implementation.

Premises for a Multicultural Approach to Education

Author(s): Anzhelina A. Koriakina,Lyudmila Amanbaeva / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The goal of education at the present stage is development of a person able to participate in intercultural communication in modern multicultural conditions. Based on this goal, modern education should be based on the principles of a multicultural approach to education that can serve as a response to the challenges of ethnic diversity. In order to more fully disclose the value of a multicultural approach to education, we need to examine its premises. In the article, the premises for a multicultural approach to education are analyzed. It is revealed that there are some pedagogical, philosophical, and psychological premises for it.

В новите книжки на научните списания на издателство ,,АЗ-БУКИ“ четете

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

Участие на дружини от състава на 11-и маршеви полк в боевете за овладяването на укрепените позиции в района на град Мачин през януари 1917 г.

Author(s): Manush Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

The study is devoted to little-known facts related to the participation and contribution of the troops of the 11th Marching Regiment to the victory achieved in the battles for control of the heavily fortified area in the Machin. The data presented come to fill the gap in the researches regarding the participation of the marching formations and in particular of the 11th Marching Regiment in the battles as part of the 3rd Army. The presented information helps to clarify and supplement the general picture of the events on the front, by revealing specific details of the course of the hostilities, which so far have not fallen within the scope of attention of the scientific community. Also, a good basis is created for the formation of reasonable conclusions about the significance of the achieved victory. Archival materials have been put into circulation, which reveal new facts about the battles in the Dobrudzha region. The presented brief information about the marching regiments and the combat history of the regiment helps to clarify the nature and purpose of these units, taking into account the fact that the available information about them is more than modest and insufficient. The presented data are entirely based on materials from the State Military Historical Archives – Veliko Tarnovo.

A Bulgarian Student in Early XX Century Ukraine: Study, Lifestyle and Challenges

Author(s): Аndrii Chutkyi / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The paper discusses the life of Konstantin Nikolov, a Bulgarian from the town of Gorna Oryahovitsa, during his study at the Kyiv Institute of Commerce (1909 – 1915). The very “insignificance” of this person allows for some wider generalizations, given the fact that precisely such people best reflect the society as a whole. For this reason, the study of ordinary people’s biographies has become an important focus of modern historiography. Nikolov’s student years illustrate some aspects of contemporary Bulgarian history and exemplify the experience of Bulgarian students in the Russian Empire before and during the World War I. The present study is based on archive materials previously untapped by scholars. It also involves some documents relative to Svitozar Drahomanov, who was of Ukrainian origin but spent his childhood in Bulgaria and studied at the Kyiv Institute of Commerce along with Nikolov, as well as documents regarding a trip to Bulgaria by Czesław Madej, another student of the same institute. The study demonstrates that archives of different Kyiv-based higher educational institutions should be explored for more valuable materials regarding Bulgarian born students, which may help draw a fuller picture of Bulgarian-Ukrainian relations in the field of education and culture. This, in turn, will contribute to a deeper understanding of the history of Ukrainian higher education in the early 20thcentury. It will also provide a wider perspective on the phenomenon of Bulgarians studying abroad before and during the World War I, including the life situations of the students during this period which proved crucial for the whole European civilization.

Обучението по история в дигитална среда – aнализ и перспективи

Author(s): Kostadin Paev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

Digital learning has long been talked about. Unfortunately, an undesirable situation brought this idea to the fore. History is a subject with wide possibilities for visualization, which process occupies a central place in the digital learning. This publication examines some aspects of history teaching in the transformation of the learning process from a present to a digital environment, based on observations and personal experience over a year.

Нови щрихи към портрета на цар Фердинанд

Author(s): Aleka Strezova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

Editorial Humour research:

Author(s): Diana Elena Popa,Władysław Chłopicki,Dorota Brzozowska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

Фолклорът в контекста на литературното обучение (според действащата учебна програма по литература за V клас)

Author(s): Ventsislav Bozhinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

The article aims to present basic theoretical problems connected with studying folklore in the secondary stage of Bulgarian schools. The first part offers a brief diachronic review of the theoretical paradigm of Bulgarian folklore research, presenting the transition from the narrow philological understanding of folklore as “national poetic creativity” towards its wide sociological interpretation as “a type of creative culture”. In the second part of the article two curricula for the fifth grade, in which folklore is a key component, are analysed and compared – the one from 2007/2010 academic years and the current one, implemented since 2016/2017. The main goal of this part is to demonstrate how and how much the Literature curricula offer an opportunity for studying folklore in alignment with current theoretical stipulations in Bulgarian folklore research.

Introduction of Online Language Corpora into Future Translators’ and Interpreters’ Teaching

Author(s): Elena Zelenina / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

This paper outlines some benefits from online language corpora use in translators’ and interpreters’ teaching, especially its advantages for developing target language competences, translation competences and scientific research competences of future translators and interpreters. The author shares the results of her five year theoretical and empirical studies in training students to apply online language corpora in doing their language research projects, as well as offers rationalizing contributions to existing pedagogical language corpora applications in university teaching practice. The main resultant outcome of the author’s scientific pedagogical studies has become the Research-Oriented Methodology of Gradual Online Language Corpora Introduction.

Универсальные смыслы в русских романах ХХІ века

Author(s): Alexey Manchev,Dmitriy Pol / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2021

Universals as a continuation of the traditions of Russian novels of the 19th – 20th centuries. Universal meanings are clearly expressed in Russian novels of the 21st century and are conditioned by modern problems of society. Universal meanings are viewed through the prism of universal images and motives. The image of the wanderer as a universal image in the novels “Laurus”, “Aviator”, “Nenastye”, “Winter Road”, “Gods of the Steppe”.