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The object of the study are some ancient Slavic greetings related to the semantic core of health and life. When reconstructing the original semantics of greetings, we turn to their internal form, which predetermines the meaning of expressions over many centuries, even with a significant development of its semantics.
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The article discusses the linguistic interpretation of the lexeme скомрахъ and its derivatives (скомрашьскъ, скомрашина), preserved in early texts of Bulgarian descent. The complex analysis (etymological, semantic, and lexicographic) regarding (1) Byzantine samples and (2) data from Bulgarian dialects, reveals that the скомрахъ lexeme had been known to the South Slavonic (Old Bulgarian) men of letters and had a wide semantic field, naming diverse forms of syncretic artistic creativity, related to the comic and the parodic.
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The paper explores the origins and the history of a relict derivational model in OCS, in which the second part of the compound words contains a long grade of the root vowel. In the medieval texts the model is represented only by водоважда, водотѣча and the hapax водолажа. We presume that initially these compounds marked the intense course of the act expressed be the verbal root. The competiton with other compounds, formed without a long grade of the root vowel (types водоводъ, водотокъ and прѣдътеча, вельможа) contributed to their disappearance in the Slavonic dialects.
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The subject of research in this paper are the adverbial and semi-adverbial phrases (with incomplete lexicalization), which derive from the adhesion of preposition to a full-sense word in the medieval Bulgarian language. The empirical material is systematized on the basis of the preposition involved in the word formation, in view of the adjunct determined by the newly-formed adverbs and on the basis of the lexico-grammatical affiliation of the motivating word. The path of the adverbialization is analyzed in each case and the systematic relations of the newly-formed adverbial unit are tracked.
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The word комат was recorded since Middle Bulgarian period, namely since the 15th century onwards, in the meaning of piece, hunk, chunk, bit, fragment of some material substance – bread, soap, textile, even land, especially in the so-called 15th century Wallachian (or Wallachian-Slavonic) charters. This article focuses on the specific reference of комат to religious books according to some 15th –16th centuries scribe’s notes in South Slavonic and Moldavian manuscripts. The lexeme комат entered in contextual use to rename parts, or copies of manuscripts, the main proof being its combination in collocations with specific liturgical and religious terms – Menaion. Triodion, Nomokanon. The question whether or not in those cases комат always means a piece of another text integrity, or renames every written body regardless of its integrity, or piece-division, remains controversial. The article discusses as well some issues of how to translate in modern Bulgarian the given and all new discovered examples of the same contextual use.
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The publication presents data about the characteristic peculiarities of the South Rhodopean and East Rhodopean Bulgarian dialects. It studies attempts to make classification and differentiation of East Rhodopean dialects. It also presents answers to critics of G. Mitrinov’s publications.
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The authors analyze the structure of imperative clauses in English, Hungarian, and Polish statutory instruments, including the EU ones. The emphasis is put on the exponents of modal meanings used in the above-mentioned three languages. The clauses are analyzed from a semantic and syntactic perspective. Grammatical and lexical exponents of deontic modality in English, Hungarian, and Polish are compared. The semantic components constituting modally marked utterances are described.
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The present paper is a narrower cross-section of the very rich contribution to Croatistics by the Hungarian linguist László Hadrovics (1910–1996). It presents the findings of his research entailing the contact between the Hungarian and the Croatian languages, the Croatian literary language in Burgenland (former Western Hungary) as well as his findings in etymological studies. Hadrovics was a prominent, internationally acknowledged linguist of his time. His great achievements are marked by the richness in data and by the numerous novel methodological approaches applied in his monograph on the words of Hungarian origin in the Serbo-Croatian language. His book served as a pattern to a great number of successive publications. His work on the Croatian literary language in Burgenland, among others, publishes its first dictionary of this kind. As far as his etymological studies are concerned, the renewal of his research methods is of prominent interest. Hadrovics broke up with the practice of earlier etymological research which was based on using dictionary entries. The author went back to the sources themselves, which yielded much more reliable results. With his new approach, he gained outstanding results, even on an international level.
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Koroshi is the Balochi dialect spoken by the Korosh (Koroš), a group associated with the Qashqa’i tribes of Fārs in southwestern Iran. Entirely isolated from the main body of the Baloch habitat, Koroshi distinguishes itself in grammar and lexicon among Balochi varieties. The phonology of Koroshi demonstrates a solid Balochi pedigree but not without major mutations. Likewise, the nominal case-number system of Koroshi shows significant deviation from most other Balochi dialects. In verb morphosyntax a salient peculiarity is the coexistence of two parallel systems of the imperfective, which appear to be stabilising in an evolutionary process of the Koroshi aspect system. Borrowing from the neighbouring languages is salient in the lexical domain, where Persian, the Fārs dialects, and Qashqa’i Turkish each play a part as the source language. Given all these peculiarities the degree of mutual intelligibility between Koroshi and other Balochi dialects is yet to be established.
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This paper presents a new decipherment of the Langjun Inscription of 1134 A.D., including a significantly revised phonological reconstruction of the text, new readings of several graphemes, paleographical notes on certain Kitan and Chinese graphemes encountered in the text, and a glossary of words contained in the text including identifiable etyma. In terms of methodology, the Kitan and corresponding Chinese texts of this bilingual inscription are juxtaposed to facilitate decipherment and reconstruction. Although several important philological studies of this text exist, this article presents the first linguistic reconstruction of the inscription.
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The Croatian Faust Vrančić published a five-language dictionary (Latin–Italian– German–Croatian–Hungarian) in the year 1595. This study examines to what extent the author knew these languages, apart from Latin. Not only does it scrutinise the knowledge of words of Vrančić but it also restores his awareness of the rules of the different languages, relying us several linguistic data. Vrančić must have had an excellent and active command of all the four languages, as the study finds it. The only difference in his awareness of languages can merely be pointed out in his vocabulary, concerning each. He knew the Hungarian language best and the Croatian language least. It can also be pointed out that the author was very resourceful in the field of lexicography
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Review of: 1. KLAUS MYLIUS: Aufsätze und Rezensionen zur Indologie. Herausgegeben von B. KAPP DIETER Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz Verlag, 2011, XXIII, 868 pp. by: Gyula Wojtilla 2. ANDREAS POHLUS (ed.): Two Commentaries on the Arthaśāstra: Jayamaṅgalā & Cāṇakyaṭikā. Critically Re-edited from Harihara Sastri’s Fascicle Editions. Halle–Wittenberg, Halle Universitätsverlag, 2011, 194 pp. (Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis Band 2.) by: Gyula Wojtilla 3. CONG ELLEN ZHANG: Transformative Journeys: Travel and Culture in Song China. Honolulu, University of Hawai’i Press, 2011, XV + 310 pp. ISBN-10: 0824833996; ISBN-13: 978-0824833992 by: Li Han 4. İBRAHIM AHMET AYDEMIR: Konverbien im Tuwinischen. Eine Untersuchung unter Berücksichtigung des Altay-Dialekts. Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz Verlag, 2009, 138 pp. ISSN 0177-4743; ISBN 978-3-447-06082-0 by: Eszter Ótott-Kovács
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