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This paper deals with the elative meaning expressed by the construction of jedan od (one of) + genitive of superlative (comparative) plural in Serbian and its equivalents in Russian. By means of running a comparative analysis through a corpus of literary works in Serbian and Russian, the author points to this construction as being a frequent one in terms of expressing elativity in Serbian. At the same time, the paper points to the possibility of expressing elativity in Russian by the construction of odin iz + samych + genitive of adjective plural, which has not been recorded in Serbian and Russian linguistic literature respectively so far.
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The linguistic communities of Poles and English-speaking Australians live in their respective linguistic worlds and coherent 'moral languages'. The two languages, however, differ from each other in their key words and concepts. As a result, the moral dilemmas of these communities also differ. The authoress, a speaker of English and Polish belonging to two 'moral worlds', analyzes a few key English concepts with no adequate Polish equivalents. Examples are taken from a discussion in the newspaper 'The Australian' in 2006. Questions sent to the editor were answered by eminent figures (a writer, historian, editor, judge, archbishop), who used moral concepts expressed with English words and expressions privacy, invasion of privacy, entitled, to commit oneself, to move on, unreasonable, committed, evidence, fair, unfair and experience. The questions and answers are supplemented in the article with the authoress' comments and precise explications in the form of 'cultural scripts'. The latter are constructed from the elements of the 'Natural Semantic Metalanguage', developed and used by the author for many years. It is concluded that 'the way we think depends to some extent on the language we speak'. In order to liberate oneself from the grips of language, one must, while explicating the meanings of words, use universal primes.
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This special section of Jezikoslovlje is the fortunate result of papers on multimodality (crossmodality) and embodiment presented at the Third International Symposium on Figurative Thought and Language (FTL3) on April 26–28, 2017 at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Osijek, Croatia. The objective of the three-day symposium was to further a forum that discusses the links between figurative thought and language. Two previous events had been held in Thessaloniki - Greece (2014) and Pavia - Italy (2015), one has since been held in Braga - Portugal (2018), and one other is currently planned in Sofia – Bulgaria (2020).
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The objective of this paper is to examine a corpus of Croatian phraseological units about death and dying with particular regard to their euphemistic, i.e. dysphemistic potential. We then explore whether their euphemistic or dysphemistic potential can be related to the same or different cognitive mechanisms. Our working hypothesis is that euphemisms are more readily grounded in cognitive metaphors, since, as a two-domain model, conceptual metaphor enables a conceptual shift between domains, i.e. from a traumatic taboo target domain into a more pleasant and communication-friendly source domain. Dysphemisms, in turn, are more closely related to conceptual metonymy, a cognitive mechanism where the source and the target components, i.e. the vehicle and active zone remain within the same conceptual domain. As such, conceptual metonymy does not allow for the conceptual “escape” from, but rather highlights some aspects of the traumatic target domain. To assess the plausibility of this hypothesis, we conducted a survey among 49 speakers of Croatian, examining the Croatian phraseological inventory related to the semantic field of death and dying and interpreted the findings in light of the cognitive linguistic approach to metaphor and metonymy. The results have shown that over half the phraseological units examined are used euphemistically, with the conceptual metaphor DEATH IS A DREAM accounting for the majority of those examples.
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This thematic section is based on the papers presented at the Linguistic Seminars of the Faculty of Philology (LSFF) of the University of Banja Luka in academic years 2016/17 and 2017/18. Established in 2016 by three linguists from the Faculty of Philology, Dragana Lukajić (Department of French Language and Literature), Emir Muhić (Department of English Language and Literature), and Marija Runić (Italian Language and Literature), LSFF’s main objective was to become a platform where local linguists would meet to discuss their work with Faculty members, postgraduate, and advanced undergraduate students.
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In this article, we present a description of verbal phraseological units with clitics without an expressed nominal reference. After detailing the morphosyntax of the clitics in some of the main phraseological units, extracted from several dictionaries of Costa Rican Spanish, we detailed the treatment that these units have received in the works consulted and, based on the morphosyntactic analysis, we showed the limitations on their definitions. Finally, we addressed the problem of the lemmatization of this type of phraseological units.
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This paper examines the proportion between borrowed and non-borrowed words in Slovene dialects. The vocabulary is presented through linguistic geography, while lexical maps of Slovene dialect vocabulary from the semantic fields of 1) ‘human body’, 2) ‘family’ and 3) ‘friends’ show the spatial distribution of lexemes in Slovene dialects.
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The aim of this study was to investigate L2 speakers’ ability to think strategically about linguistic meaning by asking them to make sense of particle verb (PV) constructions, a particularly demanding aspect of the English language for L2 speakers. Our focus was on meaning construal strategies in textual and pictorial representations of 22 figurative PVs with the particle down. The participants were asked to express themselves verbally and visually, and we were interested in the nature of their answers as well as their relationship. More specifically, we wished to determine the salience of particular elements in the participants’ strategic meaning construal, the type of relationship between textual and pictorial representations and, finally, potential dominance of one mode over another, which was examined in terms of the well-established concepts of “relay” and “anchorage”. The results showed that participants generally related the meaning of the PV construction to its components in their textual answers, whereas in pictorial answers their main tendency was to attend to the figurative meaning of the PV. Furthermore, their textual and pictorial answers most frequently depended on each other, which allowed us to determine that the text-picture relationship was predominantly that of relay, i.e. that text was perceived as more significant in the text-picture relationship.
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Using quantitative and qualitative approaches alongside contrastive analysis, this paper investigates distribution frequency and functions of reformulation markers employed in academic discourse in two languages (English and Lithuanian) and three science fields (humanities, medicine, technology). The English language data is taken from the academic language sub-corpus of the Corpus of Contemporary American English, while the Lithuanian language data comes from the Corpus Academicum Lithuanicum, a specialised synchronic corpus of written academic Lithuanian. The results show that it is the humanities scholars who employ reformulation markers most frequently in both languages. They also employ a wider range of reformulation markers and use them in more diverse ways than scholars in the hard fields. The most frequent function of reformulation markers irrespective of language and science field is the interpretation of explicit content. The analysis highlights the importance of the discipline and genre in the distribution and use of reformulation markers.
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The fate of the old Genitive (of the type ...) in the history of the Bulgarian language is of particular interest to those studying the nominal declension, since that was a very rare case even in the 9th-11th cc. As early as in Old Bulgarian, the Possessive Genitive used to be substituted either by possessive adjectives (... instead of ...) or by Possessive Dative which assumed its function.
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The paper examines expression of (non-)specificity in a Serbo-Croatian translation from Albanian, by analyzing motivation behind translator’s choices to diverge from the source expression of nominal morphosemantic categories such as number and degree. We argue that grammatical and semantic features of the target language, that are otherwise morphologically less transparent, in that way emerge through intertextual and interlinguistic practice, such as translation. As a language contact scenario, this allows for a possible explanation of the emergence of shared morphosyntactic features in the languages of the Balkans, the so-called “Balkanisms”.
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The present article, which is part of a wider research project (PCD-TC No. 16183/21.11.2017-2018, code 30), aims at identifying the translation procedures used in the translation of the language of education from Romanian into German. From our perspective, in the translation process, the translator focuses on a series of peculiarities related to language in use, contextual and linguistic aspects, equivalence procedures, of which most problematic are terminological and cultural equivalences. The article highlights some aspects and offers several examples related to the translation of the language of education and the academic language in multicultural contexts.
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This paper analyzes comparative clauses with the meaning of equality, and it analyzes also the condense structures of this type of clauses in the novel Đakon Bogorodičine crkve, written by Isidora Sekulić. The central part of the paper deals with the clauses with conjunction ‘kao što’, ‘kao da’ or with particle ’kao’, which is an exponent of a comparative clause. The basic grammatical features of the analyzed clauses are described, and their specific semantic features are indicated. The second part of the paper analyzes the clauses with conjunctions ‘kako’, ‘kakav’ and ‘koliko’, which we also include in comparative clauses with the meaning of equality. At the end of the paper are given information on the representation of each individual comparative conjunction in the novel.
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