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Onimiczne imponderabilia. Kilka uwag o ekwiwalentach nazw własnych we współczesnej prozie polskiej

Author(s): Magdalena Graf / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The presented article is devoted to the problem of identification of terms other than typical proper names. The author discusses the current state of research on the category of individual descriptors and terms considered to be equivalents of proper names, recalling both onomastic theories and research of scholars from other disciplines. The issues addressed include the formal appearance of these terms, their importance in the identification process and the textual function. The exemplification of theoretical assumptions and author’s own interpretative claims consists in the quasi-names derived from contemporary texts, among others those by I. Karpowicz and J. Sosnowski.

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Biografie (nie)normatywne? Czyli o tym, co można ułożyć z biograficznych puzzli w internecie

Author(s): Beata Duda,Ewa Ficek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The authors give careful thought to selected digital “memorial sites” dedicated to distinguished creators of culture, literature and art (and collected under the banner of the KARTA Centre Foundation), such as Witold Lutosławski, Józef Gosławski, Agnieszka Osiecka, Wisława Szymborska, Pola Negri, Jerzy Grzegorzewski or Zofia Rydet. The overview of the collected material has assumed a search for (non)normative biographies, i.e. multi-modal, “patchwork,” “moving” biographies, as well as a confrontation of the observed patterns with well-established modes in biographical writing. What is more, the authors noted the liminal, borderline characteristics of the approaches, styles, genres etc. used today for various discursive practices that evoke or shape the images of the past. The conducted analyses, which have inscribed themselves into the stream of reflections on the phenomenon of the social archive and which are discursively and genologically oriented (cf. the assumptions and research methods of memory linguistics referred to in the text), have provided answers to, among others, the following specific questions: who the social actors reflected in the mirror of biographical archives (i.e. the creators and recipients of archives) are and what are their motivations; which people (and why these particular ones) are commemorated there, as well as through the prism of which objects a person’s profile is built.

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Dyskursy posthumanizmu w powieści Tomasza Matkowskiego „I Bóg stworzył delfina, czyli potrawka z człowieków”

Author(s): Dorota Hamerlok / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Scholars in various fields of science are increasingly asking themselves the question of subjectivity in the modern world. Similarly, the subject remains a topic of discourse in art. This article constitutes an attempt to analyze the discourse of posthumanism in Tomasz Matkowski’s novel And God Created a Dolphin, or: a Human Dish. The proposed reflections also attempt to answer the question of how the discourses of posthumanism can be realized in literary texts on different textual levels and areas of communication.

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The predicament of assessment

Author(s): Hanna Komorowska / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

James Clifford (1988) in his seminal book The Predicament of Culture analyses deceptive accounts of other cultures presented from one’s own perspective. Drawing on this analysis I would like to reflect on examinations and certification looking at quantitative evaluation seen from the qualitative standpoint as well as at qualitative assessment viewed from the quantitative stance.

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Language in assessment: Universalist vs. demotic approaches

Author(s): Constant Leung / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper argues that recent research has alerted us to the changing nature of the use of language in communication in contemporary societies. In relation to the assessment of academic writing, particularly with reference to English, it is suggested that there is a need to broaden the concept of construct. I will draw on studies in English as a Lingua Franca and informal logic of argument to support my argument.

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Task-based language assessment in light of recent changes in the CEFR regarding mediation and plurilingualism

Author(s): Sylwia Kossakowska-Pisarek / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

Task-based language assessment has developed simultaneously with taskbased language teaching (TBLT). Tasks provide significant advantages as they enable assessment focused on examinees’ abilities to use the language. This article reviews task-based language assessment in the context of the recent changes to the CEFR and a paradigm shift in language learning.

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Mniej niż A1…, czyli o kompetencjach użytkownika języka na poziomie Pre-A1

Author(s): Iwona Janowska / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages has had a significant impact on the learning and teaching of modern languages in Europe, but, above all, it has revolutionised the way language skills are assessed and has contributed to the development of language knowledge certification systems. However, it has often been the subject of criticism and controversy. Certain deficiencies, which seem to be a natural consequence of the document’s comprehensiveness and the assumed goals, have also been noticed by its authors. In 2018, The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: learning, teaching, assessment. Companion volume with new descriptors was published. The document aims not only to improve imperfections, but above all to adapt the description of language education to the current context of language use. The authors of the publication have, among other things, set up language proficiency descriptors for areas not specified in the 2001 version of the CEFR. This is how the Pre-A1 level description was developed. It refers to the level of competence at which the learner has not yet acquired a generative capacity, but relies upon a repertoire of words and formulaic expressions. The paper’s aim is a holistic presentation of this level: the process of the creation of descriptors, as well as the description of language activities and strategies of a novice language user.

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How to construct your test: The influence of test length on students’ achievement

Author(s): Bojan Prosenjak / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

Our study investigated the difference in achievement between two groups of high school students – those who took shorter tests more frequently, and those who took longer tests less frequently. Both tests types tested listening, reading and writing skills. The results showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups, and the participants’ preferences as to the length and frequency of tests indicated a difference of only just above five percentage points in favour of shorter and more frequent tests. Teachers should thus examine their students’ attitudes and motivation, adapt their revision lessons and teaching material accordingly, and construct the most appropriate instrument for testing their students’ achievement.

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Assessment of B2 English exam writing subtest: A quantitative analysis of the results of a pro-quality study

Author(s): Agnieszka Leńko-Szymańska,Jo Lewkowicz,Tomasz Żółtak / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

This article reports on the quantitative results of the study which was carried out in June and September 2018 by The University of Warsaw Council for the Certification of Language Proficiency. The study reviewed the current procedures applied in the assessment of the writing subtest, which is part of the University of Warsaw’s certification exam in English at the B2 level. The aim of the study was also to explore possible improvements to the scoring process, with the focus on its reliability and practicality.

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Ocenianie wypowiedzi pisemnej na egzaminie certyfikacyjnym z języka angielskiego (poziom B2) – analiza jakościowa wyników badania projakościowego

Author(s): Jolanta Sujecka-Zając,Radosław Kucharczyk / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is to reflect on the method of assessing the B2 English writing subtest in the context of English certification exams administered by the University of Warsaw Council for the Certification of Language Proficiency. The paper starts with a brief discussion of two types of assessment: holistic and analytical. Next, the results of a qualitative study conducted among the raters of the English language certification exams are presented. The aim of the study – of a pro-quality nature – was to determine which of the two types of assessment (analytical vs holistic) results in a more reliable and accurate assessment of candidates’ language skills.

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Introducing interactive speaking tasks to improve the construct coverage of a test: A welcome change for test users?

Author(s): Monika Sobejko / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

The paired format of a speaking test appears to offer a more interactionally symmetric alternative to traditionally used Oral Proficiency Interviews (OPIs) (e.g., Lazaraton, 1992, 1996; van Lier, 1989). This article focuses on two paired tasks, a simulated discussion and a problem-solving task, which have been developed to enhance the construct of the speaking test which is currently used at the Jagiellonian Language Centre at the Jagiellonian University.

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Cechy polszczyzny zadań wykorzystywanych w certyfikacji języka polskiego jako obcego

Author(s): Agnieszka Karolczuk / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper is a description and analysis of some language features in the tasks used in certification exams of Polish. The problem with these features is connected with the two-level language rule in Polish, the variety of language forms and the type of language style.

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Certyfikacja biegłości języka włoskiego a potrzeby studentów szkół wyższych

Author(s): Marta Kaliska / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

The present paper aims at presenting Italian language proficiency certificates offered by Italian universities and other institutions. A particular focus was put on such certification features which better address the university students’ needs.

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Z doświadczeń pracy nad układaniem testów z języka rosyjskiego na poziomach biegłości C1 i C2

Author(s): Barbara Walczak-Sroczyńska,Sergey Khvatov / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

The condition for obtaining a C1 and C2 language proficiency certificate is communicative competence approaching the level of the native speaker. When developing Russian language certification tests, one should take into account its typological, grammatical and historical-cultural features. These include the synthetic nature of expressing typical meanings, the inflective way of expressing grammatical meanings and weakly expressed regional and dialectal differences. One should also consider the modification of the listening comprehension tests at level C1.

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Konstruowanie egzaminów certyfikacyjnych z języka hebrajskiego – trudności i wyzwania

Author(s): Angelika Adamczyk / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

This paper discusses difficulties associated with developing Hebrew certification exams and preparing students to pass the exam in accordance with the CEFR standards. These difficulties are mainly related to the discrepancy between the main assumptions of the Hebrew language teaching methodology in Israel and the requirements for foreign language courses and certification exams at the University of Warsaw.

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Czego spodziewać się po pracowniku z certyfikatem z języka biznesowego, czyli o kłopotach z testowaniem umiejętności językowych w kontekście zawodowym

Author(s): Magdalena Sowa,Elżbieta Gajewska / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

A certificate in a foreign language is an important asset in the modern labour market: it certifies communication skills in a foreign language, although it does not guarantee the reliability of certified competences in specific professional situations. Certification of communication skills in the field of languages for specific purposes should include both assessment of language and professional skills, and thus certify the so-called learners’ dual competence. This paper aims to diagnose and discuss the real problems encountered in practice in the assessment of dual competences of learners of specialized languages.

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Oczekiwania wobec kompetencji językowych żołnierzy a certyfikacja ich biegłości – STANAG 6001

Author(s): Anna Iwanowska / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

This paper discusses the specificity of the certification of specialized language varieties. The subject of the analysis and reflection is the certification of proficiency in military language according to the STANAG 6001 standards. The paper reviews detailed requirements for the individual linguistic skills, as well as the nature and the design of the exam along with the examples of the tasks for each proficiency level. Th e discussion is supplemented with teaching implications relevant specifically for the STANAG 6001 exams.

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Exploiting CEFR descriptors in developing pre-service teachers’ language assessment literacy (Ukrainian context)

Author(s): Olga Ukrayinska / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

Teachers and researchers of foreign languages have been concerned about integrating CEFR descriptors into teaching and assessment practices for some time now. Due to its reference nature, the CEFR is open for interpretation and its use therefore requires initial training. The chapter presents the theoretical background to such training and sample activities used to help Ukrainian pre-service FL teachers to operationalize the CEFR.

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(Nie)uczciwość akademicka polskich studentów a poświadczanie kwalifikacji

Author(s): Agnieszka M. Sendur / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

Examination malpractice is claimed to be a problem in Polish schools and universities. What is the actual scale of academic dishonesty among Polish higher education students and what seems to be its causes? What kind of actions do Polish students consider dishonest and which of them are not assigned to this category? The article describes a survey on academic integrity conducted at Polish higher education institutions and presents conclusions relevant to certification purposes.

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Le rôle du traducteur dans l'esthétique de la réception. Sauvetage de l’étrangeté et / ou consentement à la perte

Author(s): Georgiana Lungu-Badea / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The author's primary aim in this article is to evoke Jauss’ aesthetics of reception in order to (re)situate the translator in what she calls the aesthetics of translation reception adjusted by the translator. To this purpose, Georgiana Lungu-Badea tries to distinguish direct reception (of the receptor-translator and the source-reader) from “indirect” reception (of the target-reader). From the perspective of various dichotomies, three- and four-parts classifications, the author identifies four types of entropic agreements – determined, more or less, by linguistic hospitality or by the desire to translate. These agreements inevitably influence the aesthetics (of betrayal/fidelity) of the translated work. In order to illustrate the essential role played by the translator in the process of reception, the aesthetic differences are illustrated by mentioning a number of Romanian translations.

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