Knowledge Through Gendered Body-Centered Surveillance

Author(s): Laura Roxana Grünberg / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2015

The article asserts an obvious fact: ubiquitous, embodied gendered surveillance has increasingly become woven into the fabric of our everyday life. As part of our daily existence, it affects – explicitly or implicitly – all the areas of our gendered and embodied experiences, but also of our theoretical and critical thinking pertaining to our societies. Ingredients about complex surveillance realities should be added to many areas of theoretical reflections on the body as more and more of ”the dominant concerns and anxieties of society tend to be translated into disturbed imagesof the body” (Turner, 2008, 32).

L. AUSTIN’S AND JOHN R. SEARLE’S CONCEPTION OF TRUTH

Author(s): P. Alpár Gergely / Language(s): English Issue: Sp.Iss./2015

John L. Austin’s and John R. Searle’s Conception of Truth. One of the oldest and most accepted theories of truth is the correspondence theory of truth. I argue that both John L. Austin and John R. Searle accept the correspondence theory of truth, and I present the theory accepted by them. I also present the implications of the acceptance of this theory of truth in relation to their philosophy of language.

Философски дискурс за патиштата на византиската гносеологија

Author(s): Stefan Sandzakovski / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 20/2014

The topic about the ways of the Byzantine gnoseology is extraordinarily demanding, confusing and difficult. In this discussion we will take the actual gnoseological tendencies in the contemporary European philosophy as a starting point. It is well-known that the majority of the contemporary European philosophers use the rationalistic method or the empiricism in order to reach one consistent philosophical knowledge. There are also such philosophers, who prefer the method of the pragmatism. Most uncommon are those, who use the intuitive method. It is more than obvious that it cannot be possible to equate all these methods with each other – they are all legitimate and original. Still, this gnoseological theories share some common, equivalent presuppositions, which will be analyzed within this study. Through reflecting from the perspective of the Byzantine philosophy it will be shown that it cannot be taken as valid to treat these presuppositions as superior to the differing and unique elements they are constituted of. The Byzantine gnoseology will be further observed and represented in relation to this methods, but without reducing it to any of them. It’s starting point and basic presupposition is the gnoseological relevance of the Christian revelation and the practicing of the Christian faith.

Lucian Blaga despre rolul metodologic al analogiei în formarea conceptelor

Author(s): Ioan Biriș / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2015

The problem of analogy returns to the attention of philosophers especially after 1970. Our study starts from the hypothesis that the analogy is a natural form of human thought. For this reason the Romanian philosopher Lucian Blaga believes that we need a metaphysical foundation of the analogy. This foundation use two principles: 1) the lack of common ancestry; 2) a sufficient or minimal arrangement to obtain homogeneity.

Critica făcută de Stăniloae teoriei lui Blaga despre cunoaşterea prin revelaţie

Author(s): Constantin Stoenescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2015

Dumitru Stăniloae published in 1942 a brochure in which he tried to provide a strong criticism to Blaga’s theory of knowledge based on philosophical concepts like negative knowledge, mystery and transcendent censure. This theory is labelled by Stăniloae as „poetical Kantianism”. My main statement in this paper is to argue that Stăniloae and Blaga share different paradigms regarding the relation between scientific and religious knowledge. Stăniloae argued that the two types of knowledge are in a hierarchical order, with the religious knowledge in the top because it assures the access to the totality of existence. Blaga claims that the two are different types of knowledge which have the possibility to reveal the mystery in different manners, to the extent that they can do it.

A priori imaginace

Author(s): Mikel Dufrenne / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2015

In this article, Dufrenne argues that imagination need not be only the subjective capacity to invent the unreal (dreams, fantasies), but that it is actually capable of revealing images that bring human beings closer to the hidden plenitude of Nature. Among these a priori images, such as heaven, water, blood, and earth, Dufrenne emphasizes the elementary, power, depth, and purity, which he believes are the most fundamental of them. He considers a potential classification of these images on the principle of ontological quality.

Complementarity as a Principle of Epistemology

Author(s): Kateryna Mykhaylivna Kyrylenko / Language(s): English Issue: 52/2015

In this article the essence of the principle of subsidiarity and experience of its application in various fields of scientific and practical activity is examined. Use of this scientific principle of the XX-XXI centuries began as well-defined innovation process and ultimately as a phenomenon of innovation culture.

Suvremena spoznayna paradigma: teorija - simulacija - pokus

Author(s): Tomislav Petković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/2003

Science simulation appears in physics, today, as a third, new scientific way in the Western thought, beside the theory and the experiment. Monte Carlo simulations help building state of the art detectors, to make both correction of acceptance of the detector and better physics interpretation of the results, and particularly they are useful for tracking and identification (PID Particle Identification) of particles emerging from the collisions. Simulation techniques of particles head-on collisions and particles interactions with a various detectors and/or detection systems, are generally developed by using a famous CERN computer library (a main tool is the GEANT code). Simulations are related both to the complex detector systems and associated trigger and electronics, with a computer system for acquisition, reading and storing of the data, but to be necessary based on the clear physical picture or method. Situation is more precisely illustrated by the example of ATLAS experiment! That is one of the greatest experiments of the contemporary Standard Model of elementary particles and cosmology, to be executed in the 2006 when a Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN would be probably commissioned. ATLAS aims to discover Higgs bosons, a particle which plays a key role in the framework of the Standard Model. Real or physical world in simulations does not remain »thing in itself« in the Kantian original meaning anymore, but rather thing whose essence is apprehended in the more comprehensive way by simulation than by ordinary senses. A »sensation«, either of the Locke's or Kantian type, was generally broadened and went beyond by the contemporary information technology as a new ontology. In this way simulation started to play a key role in ontology and epistemology, i.e. theory of knowledge of the philosophy assigned to the expanding frontier of the contemporary physics. The Einsteinian ideal of the divine origin to the natural laws in the theory and experiment seems to be overthrown by the development on the third avenue of simulation. A probabilistic and statistic nature of its results ascribing disputandum est characteristic to the data of simulation against the absoluteness and even divine origin of the physics laws and equations.

Ami A szociologizáló hagyományból kimarad

Author(s): Tamás Demeter / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 06/2015

JAKĄ TEORIĘ POZNANIA WYKŁADAĆ W SEMINARIUM DUCHOWNYM?

Author(s): Andrzej Sołtys / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18-20/2013

This article seeks to answer the question of what the theory of knowledge should be taught at the ecclesiastical seminary. The author points out a number of reasons that speak for the fact that the seminary should be taught the theory of knowledge of an objective nature. The article is divided into three parts. In the first part the author defines the concept of the theory of knowledge of an objective nature. The second part shows that when the theory of knowledge serves students of theology. The third section presents the truth of being as the primary category of epistemology of an objective nature.

The Epistemic Status of Propositions of Future Events

Author(s): George U. Ukagba,Sylvester Idemudia Odia / Language(s): English Issue: XXVI/2014

NAUČNA RAZMATRANJA U „KONTURAMA HORIZONTA“

Author(s): Miloš Perović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 7/2015

This paper deals with the scholarly theories in the book of interviews The Contours of the Horizon by Aleksandar Ćuković. It is an attempt to associate and explain different theoretical approaches to important scholarly topics for authors such as Ratko Božović, Aleksandar Prnjat, Slobodan Vladušić, Predrag Milidrag, Žarko Paić and Pavle Milenković. The paper also presents certain sources and origins of the topics that inspired the author to interview the important figures in the field of humanistic social science. Some of the dominant topics are: globalization, culture, art, identity, opinion.

Laplaceova teorija spoznaje i Tycheova supernova (sn 1572)

Author(s): Nenad Smoljan / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 89-90/2016

Laplace les éléments structurels fondamentaux de sa théorie de la connaisance varie pour la faire adéquate au objet d’observation et aux théories scientifiques.

Fikcija i realnost iz perspektive radikalnoga konstruktivizma

Author(s): Ernst von Glasersfeld / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2016

Dok sam putovao na frankfurtski simpozij, na kojem se temelji ova knjiga, palo mi je na pamet da bi se manifestacija možda mogla baviti poglavito literaturom, te da će moj prilog, koji bi trebao izložiti teoriju znanja, stoga ispasti iz okvira. Ali već kod prvih izlaganja postalo mi je jasno da su moje sumnje bile neosnovane. Gotovo svi govornici tamo su zaista spominjali ili bar prešutno pretpostavljali temelje iz teorije znanja.

Heurystyczna rola obrazów świata w przyjmowaniu faktów filozoficznych

Author(s): Piotr Duchliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

This article aims to show that our acceptance or nonacceptance of certain facts is influenced by our adoption of a philosophical world-picture as a kind of background knowledge on the basis of which one decides what does or does not exist, and what is true or false. For this purpose, I discuss the positions of the existential omists. To begin with, it is demonstrated that philosophical facts are accepted on the basis of a world-picture that is itself a tangle of facts, values, and theories exhibiting varying degrees of generality. Whether we embrace them or not is thus not determined by any sort of direct experience. ere are no neutral philosophical facts. Our world-picture suggests what sort of facts we are prepared to accept, and what methods we use to explain them. It is on precisely this that the heuristic role played by world-pictures in “creating” philosophical facts depends.

„Teraz […] już wiem, czego należy się wystrzegać i co czynić, by osiągnąć prawdę…”. Wokół Kartezjańskiej koncepcji cogito

Author(s): Urszula Ostrowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The desire to achieve unquestionable knowledge and experience in history with the history of events in all spheres of history from time immemorial. For every scientist, finding the truth is conditio sine qua non, a challenge and a duty. In the course of the history of human thought in its development tirelessly searched for the most effective ways of achieving a revealing one that meets scientific criteria. In the history of science so far, many concepts in this field arouse unique ones for various reasons. Reflection on the legacy of the French physicist and mathematician René Descartes (1596-1650), one of the most outstanding scholars of the 17th century and one of the most famous and effective philosophers in history, is an inspiring source of research, his works, the reading of which verbally motivates reflection and also to the endless endeavors of mankind in the pursuit of knowledge to the discovery of truth. By exposing the power of reason of reason as the axis, I made the thinking person, adopting the credo in the form of I think, therefore I am… as the first principle of philosophy. There are interesting interpretations of Descartes' sentences, which testify to a fairly strong tradition on a global scale. The assessment from the justification of the grounds to questioning Descartes' concept must be found that the undoubted merit of the philosopher is inspiring his contemporaries and successors with faith in the power of reason and motivating them to take actions that prove its power, including efforts to put them into practice.

Przyzwoitość epistemiczna. Ćwiczenia z polityki negatywnej Avishaia Margalita

Author(s): Katarzyna Liszka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

This article concerns the “borderland” between virtue epistemology, social philosophy, and ethics, and in particular the recently oft-discussed issue of epistemic justice. It focuses on the notion of epistemic humiliation, defined through a comparative analysis of The Decent Society by Avishai Margalit and Epistemic Injustice by Miranda Fricker. The paper illustrates meaningful similarities in these concepts: first of all, the priority of a negative politics, namely the politics that is confronted with evil, rather than a politics that supports good. The article shifts the emphasis from the concept of epistemic injustice and the virtues of testimonial and hermeneutic justice proposed by Fricker to the concept of humiliation and epistemic decency, based on Margalit’s idea of a decent society. The purpose of the paper is to articulate the concept of epistemic decency as a basic moral virtue, both private and institutional. The basic premises of epistemic decency are acting in a non-humilitiating way toward other human beings as subjects of knowledge, beliefs, feelings, in short — as credible witnesses who can testify to their moral and epistemic experiences. Epistemic humiliation is understood here (following Margalit) as a combination of three meanings: treating human beings as non-human; exclusion (either direct or mediated) of an individual from a group to which he or she belongs; and the deprivation of freedom and control over one’s life.

The (Un)bearable Lightness of Being. The Cyrenaics on Residual Solipsism

Author(s): UGO ZILIOLI / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The aim of this paper is to assess the evidence on Cyrenaic solipsism and show how and why some views endorsed by the Cyrenaics appear to be committing them to solipsism. After evaluating the fascinating case for Cyrenaic solipsism, the paper shall deal with an (often) underestimated argument on language attributed to the Cyrenaics, whose logic – if I reconstruct it well – implies that after all the Cyrenaics cannot have endorsed a radical solipsism. Yet, by drawing an illuminating parallel with Wittgenstein’s argument on private language and inner sensations, a case is to be made for the Cyrenaics to have subscribed to a sort of ‘residual solipsism’, which in turn helps us to understand the notion of Cyrenaic privacy at a fuller extent.

Bycie – nie bycie, prawda – fałsz w koncepcji Arystotelesa

Author(s): Marian Andrzej Wesoły / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The basis of Aristotle’s arguments about truth and falsity is formulated syntactically according to the distinctions of ‘to be’ as the predicative affirmation - composition and, correspondingly, ‘not to be’ as negation – separation. As the nominal defining characteristic of falsity is contradic­tion, so of truth is non-contradiction. The expression of truth or falsity in the declarative sentence of affirmation or negation is a function of thinking as a human cognitive disposition under the semantic figures of categorical predication. In addition, we cite Aristotle’s more important texts on the true intellection of non-composites (indivisibles), the inves­tigation of truth and probability, the diagnosis of falsehood, the truthful­ness and lying. Finally, a mention of modern adaptations of Aristotle’s concept of truth.

Uroszczenia i transaktualność jako kategorie epistemologiczne. Inspiracje tropami Lecha Witkowskiego odkrytymi w pracach Floriana Znanieckiego

Author(s): Dariusz Kubinowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 60/2023

The author attempts to develop Lech Witkowski’s intuition expressed in the title of his monograph Uroszczenia i transaktualność w humanistyce [Entitled and Transtopicality in Humanities] devoted to deciphering the heritage of Florian Znaniecki’s thought. He tries to explain the categories of claims and trans‐actuality used by Witkowski in the title in various episte‐ mological dimensions. The text is an invitation to discuss the validity of using this category pair in the studies and research in the field of humanities and social sciences in the twenty‐first century.