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After the communist system has collapsed, the socio-political and economical situation has changed in Central and Eastern Europe. In his essays Zádor Tordai is focusing on the analyses of the socio-political results of the system change in Central and Eastern Europe and its interpretation – from the view of a philosopher.
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States do have their own order, as cities have their own order as well. And all of them have backyards. You put everything in the backyard –according to the common sense, untidy and immoral -what does not fit into the general order, and in particular everything that does not want to fit in that order. In Europe, almost all countries have such backyards. It is true, that they are isolated from each other. But Europe as a whole has also its own backyard, which you can put under the category “the Balkans”.
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In this work I wish to present and defend ‘my’ philosophy or rather the philosophy that I consider sound. In addition, I will also answer a host of questions in the discipline put to me by people over the course of about 8 years as an ‘expert’ on Allexperts.com. The ethics I will be defending is concerned with guiding human living to be successful, to excel as human living in the particular instance of the individual agent. Some minimal general principles will be identified while the highly plural element of right conduct will also be made evident. After I consider ethics, I will turn to politics and explore what kind of communities are best suited for human beings. Such communities may well be highly diverse but arguably, since they are to be places for human beings to live and to flourish, they will have to have certain attributes or constitutive features (constitutions) that are best for people.
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Nakana nam je u Etici na pristupačan način predstaviti probleme i pravce etike, te ukazati na neke aspekte primijenjene etike i bioetike. Nadamo se da će knjiga biti od interesa za širu čitalačku javnost, jer se se tičkim pitanjima susreću svakodnevno svi u svojim privatnim i profesionalnim životima. Pored sfere međuljudskih odnosa između prijatelja, u porodici ili naradnom mjestu, ni sferu političkog ne možemo zamisliti bez sporova koji se vode u moralnim kategorijama. Spor o društvenoj pravdi je moralni spor, a ljudska prava i demokracija imaju i moralnu vrijednost. Moralni sporovi su i pitanja prava manjinskih grupa, zakona o useljavanju i azilu. Moralni sporovi se tiču i našeg odnosa prema životinjama, budućim generacijama i prirodi, a razvoj genskih tehnologija na zaoštren način postavlja etički izazov samorazumijevanju ljudskogroda. I upravo nas je pomisao na širu čitalačku publiku navela da u knjizi posljednji dio svakog poglavlja posvetimo nekim pitanjima primijenjene etike i bioetike. Smatraćemo našim velikim uspjehom ako čitateljki i čitaocu tokom čitanja knjige pomognemo u ekspliciranjui činjenju koherentnijim intuicija koje već imaju.
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From the end of the Middle Ages, the philosophy of international relations was dominated by three currents: realism, the law of the people and the criticism of the law of the people. These different approaches are opposed in the way of thinking human nature, legal rules and interstate relations. In order to understand how Rawls' political liberalism views the issue of extreme poverty in the world, let us return to the 1993 Law of the People. There is a conception of global justice that leads to the peaceful coexistence of nations. However, the goal of this research will be to go beyond this approach, because we will see later how perpetual peace is only a prerequisite for a just world. It will be necessary to reach a genuine Kantian ethics of duty, which should be able to respond to global inequalities by justifying the idea of a global redistribution. What we have to question about Rawls is how his conception of duty evolves: to remedy social inequalities in his Theory of Justice of 1971, he takes as a starting point the duty of justice that citizens have with respect to others.
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Reproductive medicine is an attractive field for sociological inquiry for several reasons. Seemingly “natural” processes tackled by it, such as sexuality, conception or childbirth, are targets of biopower in every society as an attempt to tame life to fit within the borders outlined by these societies (Foucault 1999). They are a subject for fight over their definition, knowing and naming, delimiting normality, desirability and merit. Reproductive medicine is approached here as a representative of the three typical are as where current biopower/biopolitics is manifest, as identified in 2006 by Paul Rabinow and Nikolas Rose in their text Biopower Today, the others being genomics and the reconstituted idea of race (Rabinow and Rose 2006).
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The multiple facets of this volume belong to five large themes. The first theme, that of persuasion and manipulation, is studied here through electoral campaigns (i.e., mental filters used in voting manipulation, the mechanisms of vote mobilisation, manipulation and storytelling models). The institutionalization of education represents the second theme, approached here through specific interdisciplinary instruments: the intersection of higher education with public learning, the answers of the knowledge society to the issues of contemporary work problems, the institutional relationships used to solve educational problems specific to childhood and adolescence, as well as the role of media competencies in professional development. The third theme is related to the inheritance and transmission of cultural identity, instrumentalized through issues such as: the duty of intergenerational justice with regard to cultural heritage, education and vocational training in library science, the social inclusion role of public and digital libraries. The collective and cultural identity of communities represents the fourth large theme, being approached through a triple perspective: the philosophical background of restoring the political dignity of communities, the communication space as a point of a needle towards the community space, and the communicational issue of the European capital of culture programmes. Lastly, the fifth theme belongs to practical and applied philosophy, specifically philosophical counselling, debating issues such as: the identification of the communicational background for this type of counselling, the secular approach to the problem of evil from a philosophical counselling perspective, the discussion of Platon’s attitude towards suicide and of frank speech in the Epicurean school, the socio-anthropological perspective of immortality, as well as the formal approach of the relationship between real and imaginary.
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Knjiga kolumni Tomislava Jakića sugerira istinitost činjenice pretočene u naslov: Nisu svi (bili) slijepi. Pred onim što se dešava unaokolo po svijetu i kod kuće. Nisu slijepi ni svi oni kojima se serviraju laži i neistine pored zdravih očiju ni oni koji te laži i neistine šire – novinarski. Mnogi među “kupcima ponuđenih magli” vjerojatno i slute da su istine negdje drugdje, ali teško pronalaze dokaze za ispravnost tih svojih šutljivih slutnji. Podjednako tako nije malo ni novinara koji razumijevaju da su plaćeni da bi širili neistine, ali prodavanje duše nije više ni blizu stvar profesionalne časti kao nekada, već nova realnost u cijelom svijetu. Oni među novinarima koji ne pristaju na tu realnost i znaju što se može znati, to nastoje da artikuliraju na pošten i zanatski jasan način. Takvi, iako su daleko od većine, nisu spremni na prodaju vlastitog ljudskog i profesionalnog digniteta. Oni i dalje više vjeruju vlastitim očima, činjenicama, iskustvu i pameti nego ciljanim nalozima. Nažalost, i u nekada istinski respektabilnim medijima na cijeloj planeti sve ih je manje. Uostalom, izmanipulirane “istine” odavno nisu tek namjenska piljarska laž, već prije cilj novinarstva projektiranog interesa. [...]
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The Archipelago of Contemporary Philosophy consists of collected critical reviews and essays on 52 works by Croatian and European authors that have marked past two decades in philosophy. The book accurately and systematically monitors and critically registers the multiplicity and ramifications of various philosophical directions and intentions of the modern humanities. Tonči Valentić is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Textile Technology, Department of Fashion Design, University of Zagreb, where he teaches courses in Media Theory, Sociology of Culture, Semiotics of Fashion, and Cultural Anthropology. He obtained MA degree in philosophy and literature from Faculty of Humanities in Zagreb, MA degree in sociology and anthropology from CEU in Budapest and PhD in sociology from University of Ljubljana. His books include: Multiple Modernities (2006), Camera Absondita: Essays on Ontology of Photography (2013), Archipelago of Contemporary Philosophy (2018) and Media Construction of Balkanism (2021).
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The present publication Values and attitudes in the Czech Republic 1991-2017, with its content and form, outweighs the experience readers have with social science literature. The unique feature of this book is that it contains only numbers. However, these numbers are, in our opinion, very important. They indicate the development of Czech society from the early 1990s to the present in the sphere of attitudes, value orientation and preference. These numbers are also unique because they come from a series of repeated surveys that took place in the Czech Republic as part of a large-scale international comparative project - the European Values Study (EVS). The study is based on regular data collection - time intervals of about nine years, when the same research is repeated on a representative sample of the Czech population, so it gathers data that creates time series. They allow researchers and scholars to study how certain value preferences and attitudes are developing in the Czech Republic, check various assumptions and hypotheses, and draw conclusions.
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The publication Bulgarian text for Translation Seminar part 3 is mainly for students, studying Bulgarian as a foreign language on Masaryk university at masters degree. It contains texts from different spheres – insurance, finance, family law, sports, home appliances, ecology, culture, media, agriculture, etc. Each text ends with exercises to use certain phrases in an appropriate context, ie. the authors pay attention to learning the phrases and constructions needed in the practice of future translators.
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The publication is a post-conference proceeding marking the 100 years since Karel Čapek's first issuance of the science fiction play R. U. R. and the invention of the term robot by his brother Josef. The individual contributions within the proceeding are the result of an individual research of the conference participants. The published texts analyze the connotations of the term “robot” and reflect the social context of robotics, technology, and artificial intelligence. The reflection of the influence of visions from the work of Karel Čapek is also discussed. The papers possess a diverse character, the proceeding contains a philosophical essay, historical probes, philosophical analyzes and pedagogical applications of Čapek’s work and legacy.
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Contemporary Western society is going through myriad dramatic changes and many people view current societal development disapprovingly. Dissatisfaction with the current state of society is widespread in the general public and also many experts point out the worsening state of our environment, increasing inequality, degradation of social capital, and the increase in mental illness. Numerous books have asked how to reverse such an unfavourable development in our society. The monograph Two hemispheres, two worlds looks at this issue through the novel lens of differences in the functioning of brain hemispheres. Research in brain hemisphere differences has made remarkable progress since overcoming the simplistic dichotomy of the rational left hemisphere and the emotional right hemisphere. Two hemispheres, two worlds reviews the most recent findings on brain asymmetry research and identifies as a common trait among all particular differences the right-hemispheric experience-affiliation and the left-hemispheric representation-affiliation. The left-hemispheric take on the world is subsequently identified as having a major influence on the modus operandi of our society and a striking parallel is shown between our current societal ills and the problems of people with a dysfunctional right-hemisphere. Finally, the author sketches specific public policies that could contribute to a more “hemispherically-balanced” society.
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The book is the translation from Mythen – Irrtümer – Unwahrheiten: Essays über das „Valsche“ in der Pädagogik edited by H. U. Grunder (Bad Heilbrunn: Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, 2017). It includes seven essays written by authors from Germany and Switzerland. They strive for profound understanding of issues as upbringing, education, school, teachers, students, teaching and learning.
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The creation of the human being is in two parts, the body and the soul. As verse 26 of Surat al-Hijr points out, the body is in the process of physical and biological change starting from the soil as a work and manifestation of Allah's attribute of creation. The soul is as much in need of spiritual power as the body is in need of necessities. Man wants to recognize and know the Divine will that created him, to comprehend the reason for the creation of this world and to learn the purpose of his creation in this world. Islam is the only religion in the sight of Allah (swt) that was sent to all mankind, whose rule will transcend the ages and last until the Day of Judgment, the religion of Tawheed, which was preached by the first human being and the first Prophet, Hz Adam (as), and the continuation (abrogation) of the following celestial religions. In the year 610 A.H., Jabrâil (as) conveyed his mission to our Prophet Muhammad (saw), and thus the Messenger of Allah (saw) was appointed by Allah (swt) as our last and greatest guide. The purpose (maqāṣid al-sharī'a) of the religion's theological, practical and ethical rulings is to ensure that the servants attain happiness in this world and the Hereafter, and to gain the pleasure of Allah (swt) in all their behaviors. In verse 10 of Surat al-Fāṭir, the expression "beautiful words" refers to knowledge, thus drawing attention to the fact that deeds are complementary to knowledge. Thus, the path to maqāṣṣud al-shari'a is through knowledge and deeds, and knowledge is the most virtuous of deeds. The purpose of knowledge is to act upon it.
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The collection of essays Živi vrijednosti: globalni etos u lokalnom kontekstu BiH (Living Values: Global Ethic in Local Context of BiH), published by TPO Foundation and edited by Zilka Spahić Šiljak and Melika Šahinović, is the result of cooperation between TPO Foundation and elementary and secondary school teachers, as well as university professors, that aims to promote universal human values in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The project was conducted in cooperation with ministries of education of five different cantons of Federation of BiH, but also with individual schools in other areas across BiH. Global ethic has succeeded in creating a network of over 100 elementary and secondary schools as well as over 700 teachers, who are all working hard on integrating global ethics contents in their teachings. The overall aim of the project is to transform the consciousness of the individual within the educational system, because it is not possible to build ethos of common values and yield systemic societal changes without such a transformation. The collection opens with four essays that are based on the four fundamental Global ethic values: Ethics, Tolerance, Openness and Solidarity (ETOS). These essays elaborate on the concepts of ethical behavior and morality within the context of a globalized world, as well as the necessity of effecting change starting with ourselves, and explore the concept of tolerance in terms of acceptance and friendship, while simultaneously underlining the importance of active respect for differences among individuals. They emphasize the importance of discussing the concept of openness in an ethnically divided society and building a more open society, capable of integrating all the abundance of differences within it. Solidarity is elaborated on as both a need and an art of living in a world where corporate structures tear down the few existing foundations of solidarity with those who are less privileged. The remaining twelve essays carry universal messages of kindness, courage, love, support, understanding and acceptance. Their intention is to inspire children, teachers, parents, as well as other members of society to become aware of the importance of careful listening, confronting one’s own prejudices and flaws, and supporting one another in doing good. The authors particularly emphasize the importance of doing and acting in accordance with ethical and moral maxims, whether religious or humanistic. Author Neven Misaljević puts a creative spin on the project, using his exceptional artistic imagination to contribute illustrations that depict each of the values explored in the essays. Teacher Rasema Herceg closes the collection with a poem that is inspired by the Global Ethic initiative and reminds us of the importance of the bond between one’s inner being and the world that surrounds us.
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„Priručnik svjetskog etosa za osnovne škole“ namijenjen je nastavnicima osnovnih škola s ciljem približavanja koncepcije svjetskog etosa učenicima na razumljiv i zanimljiv način. Iz tog je razloga posebna pažnja posvećena kontekstualizaciji svjetskog etosa u iskustveni svijet učenika da bi se u svim školskim predmetima i školskom životu općenito dodatno osnažile sastavnice etičkog učenja, mirovnog učenja, dijaloga kultura i religija, i to uz komplementarno korištenje nereligioznih i religioznih etičko-motivacijskih resursa.
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Any EU constitution tomorrow will need to embody basic European ethical values. Yet the identity of such values and their sources remain strongly controversial. Peter McCormick retrieves from cultural origins of some major European values a basic ethical value of a measured and critically reasoned restraint in all things. At the same time he argues that this originary ethical value entails a renewed understanding of political, social, and individual sovereignties no longer as almost absolute but as necessarily limited. The rewards for polities of fully assuming such a basic ethical value turn out to include the ineluctable necessity for the rule of law, the constitutionalisation of social pluralisms, and the entrenchment of personal dignity.
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The focus of this publication is the Church's charitable ministry in relation to Catholic social teaching. The authors of this collaborative monograph provide answers to the questions of the forms and reasons for their mutual estrangement, how the position of charitable service has changed with the publication of the encyclical Deus caritas est and especially Motu proprio Intima ecclesiae natura, how and why a theology of charitable service can be legitimately conceptualized, how and where such a theology is being developed in the world, and how the two strands of the Church's socio-pastoral mission can be brought into balance in an integral model of charitable practice today.
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