Koalicijske vlade u Hrvatskoj: prva iskustva u komparativnoj perspektivi

Author(s): Mirjana Kasapović / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Stvaranje koalicijskih vlada vrlo je složen postupak koji pretpostavlja niz povoljnih pravnih, političkih i kulturnih uvjeta. I u razvijenim koalicijskim demokracijama vlade se obično ne mogu sastaviti iz prvoga pokušaja, pa nastaju tek nakon dugih pregovora u kojima se izmjenjuju sudionici, teme i ulozi. Općenito se smatra da na uspješnost u sastavljanju koalicijskih vlada najviše utječu tip stranačkog sustava, koalicijski potencijali parlamentarnih stranaka i razvijenost koalicijske političke kulture uopće. Od te tri odrednice, najveća se važnost pridaje stranačkom sustavu ili efektivnom broju političkih stranaka u parlamentu.1 Umjereni pluralizam, koji podrazumijeva od tri do pet efektivnih stranaka u parlamentu, smatra se najpovoljnijim institucionalno-političkim sklopom za nastanak koalicijskih vlada. Osim ograničene fragmentiranosti parlamenta, umjereni pluralizam isključuje postojanje stranaka koje su usmjerene na potkopavanje legitimnosti političkog poretka te čine načelnu, a ne problemsku opoziciju vlasti. Kako među strankama nema nepremostivoga ideološkog jaza, sve su sposobne sklapati bipolarne koalicije koje pretpostavljaju i približavanje policy pozicija, a time i dodatno smanjivanje ideoloških razlika. U koalicijskim pregovorima i sporazumima praktično sudjeluju sve parlamentarne stranke u različitim fazama i aranžmanima. Ukratko, ako je stranački sustav umjereno fragmentiran, lakše je stvoriti i održavati većinu jer je manji broj stranaka koje čine većinu, manji su troškovi pregovaranja i slabiji konfliktni potencijali među strankama.

Interferences of State Administration with Local Self-Government in the Promotion of Local Affairs in the Light of the Administrative Code

Author(s): Verginia Vedinas,Ioan Laurenţiu Vedinaş / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The study is based on the premise that the activity of promoting local affairs and their effective implementation requires and presupposes collaboration and even cohabitation between the actions of the state administration and those carried out by the local public administration with autonomous character. From this perspective, the study aims to identify the principles governing relations between the two levels of administration, that of the central system and that of the territorial level, the principles governing these relations, and the institutional framework through which they take place. The approach is based on the constitutional provisions and those of the Administrative Code, and the conclusion is that it is necessary to understand the reality that the development of each administrative-territorial unit and area of the country, whether smaller or larger, is inextricably linked to the proper functioning of cooperation between the central and local/county levels.

Аспекти на сигурността в режима за оценяване на изпълнението на служителите в българската държавна администрация

Author(s): Daniela Petkova Krasteva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The security of performance evaluations of employees in the state administration is a function of its regulation in the normative documents on evaluation and the quality of their implementation. This proposition mainly shows the practical determinism of security and the forms of its manifestation. The latter are measurable with the evaluation competencies of the evaluator and supervising manager, as well as with the self-evaluation of the evaluated employees. In this sense, estimates are presented for the security of the evaluations of the performance of the employees in the Bulgarian state administration generated in the last 10 years.

Nehmotné kulturní dědictví jako východisko pro tvorbu produktů venkovského cestovního ruchu – případová studie turistický region Střední Morava a Jeseníky

Author(s): Eva Schwartzhofová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Venkov se v současné době potýká se změnami, jako jsou pokles zemědělské výroby, nedostatek služeb, stárnutí populace nebo snižující se počet obyvatel. Rozvoj venkova je často dáván do souvislosti s cestovním ruchem, který je považován za významný nástroj obnovy a rozvoje postižených venkovských oblastí. Česká republika má velký potenciál pro rozvoj venkovského cestovního ruchu, avšak v porovnání se zahraničím není zdaleka na tak vyspělé úrovni. I proto je, jak uvádí Šimková (2013a), na rozvoj venkova v současnosti vynakládáno poměrně velké množství prostředků, které napomáhají zhodnotit jeho potenciál pro rozvoj domácího cestovního ruchu. Kapitola je věnována problematice využití kulturního dědictví ve venkovském cestovním ruchu, a to na příkladu turistického regionu Střední Morava a Jeseníky.

Outsourcing in the public sector in the Czech Republic: case studies

Author(s): Juraj Nemec,Markéta Šumpíková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The relevant literature suggests that if, and only if, outsourcing is properly implemented, then it may, but might not, improve cost effectiveness and deliver the necessary quality. In this paper, we present two cases describing the processes and results of outsourcing by public sector bodies in the Czech Republic. Data are based on an in-depth audit delivered by students preparing their master’s degree theses under the supervision of one of authors of this paper. Compared to our previous in-depth audits in Slovakia, we did not find very visible cases of inefficiency connected with in-house versus outsourcing decisions. However, our data confirm that the core problematic service in our public administration conditions is transportation. The ‘habit’ of public bodies having company cars or even in-house drivers is usually a very expensive practice. If such cars and the time capacity of the drivers are underutilised, the costs of taxi services can actually be much cheaper. The data also show that even with only a few competing bidders, public organisations can receive very low-cost offers for cleaning and security services, much below the minimum costs of internal production. Suppliers can achieve this by ‘manipulating’ the labour costs or the costs of the quality of the delivered service.

VYBRANÉ PROCESY FORMULÁCIE A IMPLEMENTÁCIE POLITIKY PODPORY NAJMENEJ ROZVINUTÝCH OKRESOV

Author(s): LUKÁŠ VARECHA,Mária Fáziková / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Recently, the Support of the least developed districts has been recently introduced in Slovakia, linking government at central and local level, and various actors at local level, anticipating a bottom-up initiative. The aim of the paper is to map and analyse selected processes of formulation and implementation of this policy and to point out the failures that occurred. The individual processes are visualized by process maps, using deployment diagrams and describing individual steps within processes. Processes are described from the moment of inclusion of the district into the list of the least developed districts to the beginning of the implementation of the policy in the district. Potential bottlenecks in LDD support policy have been identified both at local level and across hierarchical levels. One of the failures identified at central level is a lack of coordination between ministries. The introduction of the policy in the middle of the programming period caused a very limited access to ESIF funds. At the local level, very limited capacity of local actors and the overly strong position of the heads of the district offices are perceived as bottlenecks.

IDENTIFIKACE DEMOGRAFICKÝCH TRENDŮ V PŘÍHRANIČNÍCH REGIONECH ČR V KONTEXTU FINANCOVÁNÍ MÍSTNÍCH VEŘEJNÝCH SLUŽEB

Author(s): MACIEJ WOJCIECH MOLAK / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The main aim of this paper is to identify the demographic trends and main factors which influence the structure of settlement in border areas in Czech Republic in the context of financing local public services. For purposes of the analysis the Czech-Polish border region has been selected as a reference area within which statistical data (number of inhabitants, median age in the population, migration etc.) for the period 2007 – 2017 were compiled. For more comprehensive and complexed insight into this issue demographic data of Polish border regions were analyzed and involved as well. Resulting data were processed by means of theory of sets and structured data. In current system of financing municipalities in CZ the negative demographic trends in the border area influence providing of the local public services. The influence includes both incomes and costs of municipalities. As an example, the analysis of project for newly-created nursery schools co-financed by IROP has been conducted. The main conclusion of this paper is that demographic trends in border area have negative impacts on the settlement of this regions. That means it can influence financing of the local public services.

VÝVOJ MNOŽSTVA KOMUNÁLNEHO ODPADU NA SLOVENSKU A V NITRIANSKOM KRAJI V ROKOCH 2002-2017

Author(s): Melánia Feszterová,Jana Némethová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The causes of waste accumulation are economic development, often inefficient waste disposal technologies and inadequate waste management legislation. Due to the continuous accumulation of waste and the increase in its risk, it is necessary to eliminate its´ impact on the environment. The aim of this paper is to analyze the state of municipal waste in Slovakia and in particular, in the Nitra region from 2002-2017 and to compare. We focus on municipal waste changes used in the Nitra region and in other regions in Slovakia. The rise of living standards and the rise in the number´s of inhabitants has led to an increase in the production and composition of municipal waste. Municipal waste per inhabitant in the chosen years in Slovakia increased about 38.7% and in the Nitra region about 58.2%. The amount of recovered municipal waste is gradually increasing in Slovakia. The amount of recycled municipal waste in the SR increased by 18.05% and in the Nitra region by 21.84%. In the recovery of municipal waste, the Nitra region is below the average level in Slovakia (20.69%, amount in SR -31.82%). When comparing the average amount of recycled waste, the Nitra region reaches the same amount as Slovakia (17%).

Türkiye’de Sendikalaşma Süreci

Author(s): Fatime Gül Oktay Atsatan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

For many years, the civil servants were managed in line with the one-sided savings of the administration, and today they have been organized through unions and have had the opportunity to express their social and financial losses to the governments in an organized manner. Since their establishment, civil servant unions have developed significantly both in terms of public opinion and institutionally. With the increase of globalization and globalization, multinational companies have become more important, harming the bargaining power of unions, which have been preserved within national borders for a long time. In addition, unions have also suffered from the growing anti-union public opinion in some of the countries. The practices for the privatization of economic enterprises, which were initiated within the framework of the neoliberal policies followed in this period, are also one of the main reasons that weakened the strength of the union movements, whose organized labor force is predominant in public business environments like Turkey. In this study, we will discuss the general definition of the union in the first part, and we will explain the possibilities and structuring process of the trade union movement in the second part.

SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF HOUSING CONSTRUCTION IN CZECHIA: TOWARDS FLORIDA'S NEW URBAN CRISIS?

Author(s): Emil Drápela / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Since the 1990s, there has been an increase in interregional differences in housing prices in Czechia. These differences largely depend on the size and economic strength of the municipality or regional centre, but there exist also differences between regions. The article uses the indicator of housing construction intensity (HCI) for the twenty-two-year period 1997-2018 per 1 km2, which is processed at the level of municipalities using spatial autocorrelation (Anselin Local Moran's I) and hotspot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*), and presented in GIS. By comparing the results of both methods it was found that the interregional differences in the popularity of the Czech regions are significantly influenced by their distance to the main economic centres. On the contrary, the hypothesis that some regions with a worse environment, a higher share of the socially weak population and a low supply of above-average jobs will be the cause of the negative push effect has not been confirmed. In discussion, the current situation is compared with Richard Florida's concept of “New Urban Crisis”, to which arrival in Czechia it indirectly points to, although the initial conditions in Czechia are significantly different than in the US.,

Приветствие. Национална конференция „Тридесет години България в Съвета на Европа – Върховенство на правото, демокрация, права на човека“ 30 април 2022г. 10.00 часа, НБУ

Author(s): Diana Kovacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Public and Private Space in Early Medieval Towns: Istrian Cases

Author(s): Maurizio Levak / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

At the turn from Late Antiquity to the early Middle Ages, profound changes took place in the organization of urban life. Towns could no longer function on the same social and economic foundations as they did in the classical period, as it was precisely these foundations that underwent major structural change. A different way of living and earning one’s livelihood implied adjustment to the new circumstances, which was also reflected in the reorganization of space within the city walls.

GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE. EVIDENCE FROM EU COUNTRIES

Author(s): Adina Dornean,Ada-Iuliana Popescu,Dumitru-Cristian Oanea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

During the last few years, environmental protection has become a much-debated topic at international, continental, and national level. The necessity of a green recovery is justified because such as COVID-19 virus had spread across borders, in the same way, the impact of climate change will be felt across the world. Thus, a green recovery is much needed based on policies that will simultaneously support economic recovery and environmental protection through investments in green projects. In this context, in December 2019, European Union (EU) launched the European Green Deal (EGD). In accordance with the EU’s environmental policies, one of the EGD goals is for Europe to become the world’s first ‘climate-neutral’ region, with net zero GHG emissions by 2050.As a result, every EU member state has to make efforts to first accomplish this objective at national level. In this article, we want to investigate if, at this time, the EU member states and their governments allocate more funds and spend more money for environmental protection. Furthermore, we will investigate if there is a correlation between the government expenditure on environmental protection and environmental performance, measured according to the environmental performance index (EPI). For this purpose, we will apply the sigma-convergence approach to highlight the evolution over time of the cross-national dispersion in environmental spending for the period 2012-2021. Also, we want to identify if there is correlation between governmental expenditure and EPI. The results show that countries with higher government expenditure on environmental protection recorded a higher environmental performance index (EPI).

Decentralization in Public Administration and Redefining Power for More Effective Governance

Author(s): Cristian Dumitrescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Local Autonomy and Administrative Decentralization are fundamental principles in the state organization of power, in building the rule of law, in the development of democracy at all levels. Decentralization is an essential principle in the construction of Public Administration. Along with Local Autonomy and the Deconcentration of Public Services, this principle contributes to defining the way in which power and responsibility are distributed between the different levels of administration, with the aim of improving the efficiency and relevance of decisions made according to the needs and particularities of communities. Described as a transfer of administrative and financial powers from central Public Administration to local Public Administration, Decentralization is seen as a tool that facilitates more effective management of community and citizen needs. Putting the citizen at the centre of administrative reform strategies is a common point in governments’ efforts. The objective of making the Administrative System more efficient and closer to the citizen reflects a desire to improve the experience and satisfaction of citizens in the interaction with the Public Administration. Even if ambitious goals are included in governance programmes and reform strategies, their effective implementation requires administrative capacity and effective coordination. Sometimes implementation can be hampered by insufficient resources, lack of expertise, or lack of a coordinated approach between different entities and levels of Administration.

The Complexity of the Legislative Framework and the Difficulties of Correlation with Economic and Social Impact in Public Administration. The Digitalization of Public Services

Author(s): Vasilica Negruţ,Mircea Valentin Cârlan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Public administration intends, as in all modern countries, to solve public affairs, it is linked to the state system, and it must act for the common good. Continuous adaptation to society's needs is a constant concern of public authorities. One such concern is the digitalization of public services, which consists of a set of activities necessary to adapt all legally regulated processes to transfer the stages of their fulfillment to automated information technology infrastructures organized by artificial intelligence. In this article, starting from the purpose of the public administration, using the logical interpretation, as well as the comparative analysis, we aimed at highlighting the need for the digitalization of public services and the benefits of this process, in the context of a complex legislative framework, emphasizing, at the same time, the difficulties of correlation with economic and social impact in public administration. The digitalization of public services is a mandatory requirement, which will represent a solution for the uniqueness of the stages within the technical-material operations, aspects that will eliminate any possible violations of fundamental rights and freedoms. Digitalization aims not only at facilitating citizens' access to the benefits of public services, but also at changing the perception of citizens towards the public administration, the goal being the achievement of a transparent public administration, as close as possible to the citizen.

Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts - Public Policy Needed in the Technology Race

Author(s): Camelia Daciana Stoian,Dominic Bucerzan,Crina Anina Bejan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

To write about a branch of law entitled "new technologies" places us in a challenging but topical realm because we can only identify in a fragmentary way the meaning of a set of legal rules that have been promulgated by the legislature, and even less the positive law that is actually applicable at national level or even in most EU countries. However, it is not only with this thought that we proceed in the conception of the present material, but also with the idea that has become dominant as a business concern, an idea that highlights the prerogative of any person to "try his luck" by concluding a coded agreement , using a laptop and at the same time at least one other subject of law willing in consensus to use blockchain technology. We can also visualize the public official automatically enrolled in the digitization process, acting as a "business partner" of the public administration and performing in the context of the current legal area mismatch service duties using blockchain technology in energy market procurement. To conclude a so-called "smart contract" by means of blockchain technology certainly implies an agreement of wills and the typed intention of the parties concerned in a legal framework not regulated by general legal rules or specific and applicable particular provisions. We thus aim to quantify and even outline a legitimate content with finality, which aims at what as early as 2018 at the level of the Committee on International Trade was highlighted and expressed in the Report4 indicating blockchain technology as a policy and business practice of the future that seems to have already caught up with us. This paper proposes a statistical study that reflects the integration of the concepts of blockchain technology and smart contracts into the knowledge of legal-administrative practice in Romania.

International Legal Assistancein Criminal Matters Relatingto the Investigation of Illegal Migration

Author(s): Gina Aurora Necula,Dinu Ostavciuc / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter, authored by Gina Aurora Necula and Dinu Ostavciuc, discusses the complexities and necessities of international legal assistance in criminal matters, particularly concerning the investigation of illegal migration. The authors emphasize the significance of cooperation between states and various international bodies to effectively combat the transnational nature of illegal migration crimes. The chapter highlights the challenges in defining and implementing legal assistance, the importance of procedural and operational collaboration, and the role of international conventions and agreements in facilitating these processes. The study also provides examples of successful joint investigation teams and operational cooperation that have led to the apprehension of criminals and the dismantling of illegal migration networks.

Air Quality – An Essential Componentof Quality of Life: The Case of The Republic of Moldova

Author(s): Larisa Savga,Rodica Perciun,Vicoria Popa / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter by Larisa Şavga, Rodica Perciun, and Viorica Popa addresses the critical issue of air quality and its impact on the quality of life in the Republic of Moldova. It explores the negative effects of climate change on sustainable development and the need for new economic models to address environmental imbalances. The chapter reviews the progress and challenges in reducing air pollution, referencing the European Environment Agency's reports on premature deaths related to pollution and the EU's Zero Pollution 2030 objectives. It discusses the historical and current state of air quality, the legislative framework, and the efforts to align Moldova's policies with EU standards. The authors also emphasize the importance of clean air for public health and the role of various pollutants in air quality degradation.

High School Students Interest Towards Sports Depending on Their SportingExperience

Author(s): Loris Benassi,Filip Sinković,Dario Novak / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter, authored by Loris Benassi, Filip Sinković, and Dario Novak, investigates the interest of high school students towards sports based on their sporting experience. The study highlights the significant developmental changes during adolescence and the influence of social, technological, and educational factors on students' engagement in sports. The authors emphasize the positive effects of sports on health and socio-emotional development, while also addressing the high dropout rates from sports activities among high school students. The research aims to determine the differences in interest towards various sports based on students' previous sporting experience and provides insights into effective measures to promote sports participation among adolescents.

Еволюция на институционалната теория в процеса на счетоводна хармонизация в публичния сектор

Author(s): Radka Andasarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The development of accounting standardization and harmonization in the public sector is dependent on many dynamic and interrelated processes, including economic, political, environmental, etc. The reached level of the Institutional theory reveals how the government makes the decision to perceive common accounting practices in order to obtain institutional legitimacy. Although, these accounting models differ from contemporary accounting practice in the global aspect. The question is how will adequacy public sector accounting harmonization be reached in the absence of the European conceptual framework for financial reporting. The purpose of the study is to analyze theoretically existing public sector accounting practices in the context of the development of the Institutional theory.