Russian Propaganda During the First World War: Technologies and Forms

Author(s): Anna Volodymyrivna Hedo,Svitlana Liaskovska / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2021

The purpose of the article is to analyse the use of political propaganda methods employed by the Russian Empire before and during the First World War, in particular, on the Ukrainian lands, which became a direct theatre of military operations and a field of confrontation between intelligence and counterintelligence services of belligerent powers, which exercised manipulative influence upon great masses of population and implemented special technologies for the formation of public opinion. The research methodology is based on the principles of objectivity, systematicity, dialectics, historicism and interdisciplinarity. The study is grounded on problem chronological, institutional and historical methods, as well as social psychology methods, used in propaganda practices. Scientific novelty: on the basis of printed materials: brochures, First World War periodicals, published posters and woodcuts (lubki prints), as well as memoirs of people, involved in the organization of propaganda campaigns, certain objects, technologies and forms of propaganda, in particular, the involvement of intelligence officers of the Russian Imperial Army in manipulative technologies, were defined. The widespread use of propaganda and counter-propaganda by the states that were the main players of the First World War, became a kind of hallmark of that war. In Russia, unlike other states, there were no special bodies and no such bodies were created later to influence public opinion in their own, hostile or neutral states. The peculiarity of the propaganda of the Russian Empire was the use of mainly constructive (positive) propaganda aimed at neutralizing social conflicts within the state, uniting the population and the authorities and their joint struggle against the enemy. The ideas of Pan-Slavism and Neo-Slavism were actively applied in the international realm. They were aimed at the unity of the Slavic world under the auspices of Russia as the defender of the Slavic peoples and the Orthodox Christian faith. The use of destructive propaganda technologies was aimed at creating the image of the “enemy” and uniting patriotic forces against it. At the same time, Russia failed to offer Slavic peoples of the empire, in particular Ukrainians, to realize their political aspirations in resolving the national issue; it did not feel a change of mood and did not restructure the content of propaganda rhetoric, which eventually led to its defeat in the information and psychological space.

УЛОГА МЕДИЈА И КОНСТРУИСАЊЕ НЕГАТИВНЕ СЛИКЕ СРБИЈЕ У НЕМАЧКОМ МАГАЗИНУ „ШПИГЕЛ“ ТОКОМ НАТО БОМБАРДОВАЊА

Author(s): Anđela T. Vujošević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 75/2021

In der Arbeit wird die Berichterstattung der deutschen Zeitschrift Spiegel während der NATO-Bombenangriffe auf die Bundesrepublik Jugoslawien im Jahr 1999 nach den Methoden der Diskursanalyse und der Theorien des kollektiven Gedächtnisses analysiert. Die Arbeit soll erklären, was unter dem Begriff kollektives Gedächtnis aus linguistischer Sicht zu verstehen ist, wofür Medientexte geeignet sind und inwieweit sie das kollektive Gedächtnis bestimmter Ereignisse aus der Vergan- genheit prägen, wie Wissen und negative Bilder vergangener Ereignisse durch die Medien konstruiert werden, sowie die Art und Weise, wie ein negatives Bild Serbiens in deutschen Zeitungsberichten des Nachrichtenmagazins DER SPIEGEL im Jahr 1999 konstruiert wurde. Die Hypothese der Arbeit lautet, dass das negative Bild Serbiens in der Berichterstattung des ausgewählten Magazins während des NATO-Bombenangriffs auf der Semantik des Lexems oder der sprachlichen Konstruktionen basiert, die im Diskurs auf Deutsch verwendet wurden.

Bundling and tying in smart living

Author(s): Ina Virtosu,Chen LI / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2022

Smart living is a trend promising more comfort, security, and energy efficiency in our everyday life through digitalization and the inter-connectivity of devices. From driverless cars to smart thermostats, from movable office to ecosystem of smart home, all of them are smart “objects” on which smart living and smart cities rely, involving original and innovative solutions aimed at making life more efficient, more controllable, economical, productive, integrated, and sustainable. Nowadays, these objects are not single products anymore but a series of integrated products, which can be tied or bundled. However, the bunding and tying are not traditional one, like ordinary merchandise or software tying in the landmark case Microsoft. It can be between software and hardware, as well as with a more complicated structure. For the smart objects the bundling and tying may be not limited in bilateral ones but also can be multilateral. This paper aims to discuss bundling and tying products in a smart city life, and mainly the commercial reality of such smart products on how the components are bundled and tied. After, it analyses the structure of bundling and tying in some smart products to confirm whether there is a main product, which can be either a hardware or a software, or net-shaped like in the ecosystem of smart home. Based on these commercial realities, this paper discusses whether multilateral bundling and tying related to smart objects may be a threat to a competition order and mainly to violate Articles 102 TFEU.

Big data analysis: Ganjar Pranowo's political communication through social media Twitter

Author(s): Yunita Elianda,Muhammad IQBAL,Ali AKBAR,Nurhadiyanti Nurhadiyanti / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2021

In this modern era, advances in communication technology have spread to the lives of humanity. One form of advancement in communication technology is new media, which is known as digital technology, which then gave birth to social media. One political actor is the regional head. Ganjar Pranowo, as one of the local leaders, carried out political communication by establishing close relations with the community, collaborating with various parties to show the performance that had carried out by utilizing social media as a medium of contact with the public. The method used in this research is to use social media analysis with Nvivo 12 Plus. Based on the study from Nvivo stated that Ganjar Pranowo's Political Communication focuses on political and government matters. Ganjar Pranowo aggressively promotes #VisitJawaTengah and #JatengGayeng. Mention interactions from Twitter Ganjar Pranawo and Taj Yasin Maimoen are the most common interactions based on Word similarity. Based on this, it can see that Ganjar Pranowo provides information to the public by utilizing social media as a medium of political communication.

The new advanced Cities

Author(s): Stefano CARBONI / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2022

The city has always brought within itself the characteristics of the historical period in which it existed and of the population that inhabited it. In the last years new kind of cities were born, some of them are called green, some others digital and then some are the Smart Cities. The latter has the same features of the first two cities, but them are also committed into satisfying the expectations of its population and caring about citizens’ welfare first. The Smart Cities are the result of technological progress and the search for environmental sustainability. The city was born as a consequence, almost obvious, of the improvement of human skills: many nearby houses represented a possibility of bringing together resources and abilities in an almost uninhabited land.Small villages have become towns, cities and metropolitan cities in which all the technological discoveries were applied and made concrete in the services that these cities could then offer to their inhabitants. The cities, and its various existing types, up to the green cities and digital cities and finally the Smart Cities will be described, as the apex of the discoveries of the digital and sustainable people, who respects the environment in which they live, indeed, which regenerates the environment from past pollution. In these cities, people live within a virtual environment too.These cities are in continuous evolution, extremely rapid, in a competition to each other, made up of skills and technological discoveries, which contain within their borders innovative services for all of its inhabitants, and all its stakeholders. This paper discovers the way of the first inhabited centers towards Smart Cities.

Меметата в новините и меметата като новини

Author(s): Maria Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 11/2022

The current anthropological study focuses on memes as a cultural phenomenon dating back to the end of the last century. Given that this is a relatively new cultural practice and the small number of humanitarian studies devoted to the subject, the concept is often vague, and its characteristics are immersed in the vast pool, which includes all sorts of 'viral' content. The common belief about memes is that they are a digital form of jokes and are often commented on as retrograde art, in the logic of the frivolous and funny. Due to the fact that they are a picture (collage, photo, comic, etc.) with text, which takes a few seconds to review (as opposed to reading an entire article or watching a news program), they are becoming more and more more influential media of all kinds. The meme genre is becoming an inspiration for marketing strategies, and advertising memes are multiplying rapidly. The text will consider the way in which the phenomenon is described by well-known Bulgarian online news media, and based on interviews with meme activists - the activity will be considered in its potential to be understood as a profitable business and in itself - information media.

Към някои възможни интерпретации на грамофонната плоча като медия

Author(s): Ventsislav Dimov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 11/2022

This article examines commercial gramophone records and focuses on their functioning as a medium in the first half of the twentieth century. During the first stage of the development of the shellac gramophone record (from the 1900s to the late 1920s), the gramophone record became the main medium of the music industry, had global distribution and sales, and competed with the leading media and forms of music and art reproduction: cinema and radio. The article focuses on several highlights. It asks how old commercial gramophone records should be studied today: as historical object, sound document, or media? Some methodological problems and directions for future research are pointed out. Examples are given of the history of the Bulgarian music industry and media music in the first half of the twentieth century.

Представата за идентичност в българското кино по време на кризи

Author(s): Petia Alexandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 12/2022

National identity in Bulgarian socialist cinema and especially in the films of the program 1300 years of Bulgaria is understood mainly as a plot – to reflect events from our native history and way of life. Very cleverly, they glided over only those events that, even in their drama, are positive for our self-esteem. But the constructive direction was in the films about migration and guilds as a native modification of the results of industrialization and modernization. In the time of transition, national identity appeared as a problematization – ethnic minorities, ideological, religious, and other repressions came into focus. I define the third stage of identity as confusion. There is no magnetic energy, innovative ideas, deep truth, and sincerity – the screen is 18 percent gray.

Война, радио и музика: радиопропагандни мобилизации и настъпления на руско-украинските фронтове

Author(s): Ventsislav Dimov,Ventsislav Dimov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 12/2022

The article explores current phenomena - the relationship between war, radio and music. The focus is on the army radio stations of two warring countries: Russia's Radio Zvezda and Ukraine's Army FM. The research examines the programming policy, funding, music content and audience attitudes of the two radio stations. The question is raised how the media and their musical contents are mobilized and "dressed" in a uniform. Observations on the radio stations and the changed music in them related to the wartime and regime in 2022 point to some new features of the radio propaganda mobilizations and the musical "weapons" used in them

Украинските бежанци в българските медии (25 февруари-10 май 2022 г.)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 12/2022

The text presents results of research carried out by students of European studies (Simon Weil graduation, academic year 2021/2022), centered on the image of Ukrainian refugees and the ways in which it is constructed in the Bulgarian media. The results of the study refer to the first two and a half months of the war in Ukraine. 35 online and Internet-based media were tracked. Basic aspects of media representation are summarized in concluding text

Наратив и преживяване в "ХЕЛБЛЕЙД: жертвоприношението на Сенуа"

Author(s): Severina Stankeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 13/2023

The text examines the narrative of the video game Hellblade: Senua’s Sacrifice through Jean-Noël Thon’s three-part perspectivist model, focusing on its third dimension - the ideological perspective. It states that the elements of the gameplay, usually defined as purely ludic, in fact play a prominent narrative role. The game manages to trick the player without lying to them by relying on classic video game relations such as believing in what is seen and told, the self-identification of the player with the avatar, and uncritically accepting the game’s instructions/information as relating to their own actions, not to those of the avatar. The ideological perspective of the characters combined with the thus created ‘misleading’ gameplay question the game-player relationship, while at the same time succeeding in an original way to distance the player from the avatar and ultimately succeeding to make the player feel towards the game as the character feels within in his own world. Accordingly, if the gameplay has a message, i.e., allows itself to be semanticized independently of and in conflict with the cinematic cuts in the game, it functions narratively and creates a dissonance resulting from two different and parallel forms of storytelling.

Рецензия за „Журналистика, ценности, свят. Юбилеен сборник в чест на проф. д-р Мария Нейкова“

Author(s): Mariyan Karagyozov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 13/2023

The edited volume “Journalism, Values, World. A Jubilee Collection in Honour of Prof. Dr. Maria Neykova” (University Press “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 2022) contains 20 articles united by 5 common themes that contribute to the understanding of a wide range of issues of journalistic practice and to professional debates in the field

Using RPA for data generation using OCR platforms in Mediterranean University of Albania

Author(s): Gerild Qordja / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2023

The increase in the amount of data today has led to the use of computer applications in order to manage processes precisely. Robotic process automation (RPA), also known as software robotics, uses automation technologies to mimic back-office tasks of human workers, such as extracting data, filling in forms, moving files, et cetera. Optical character recognition (OCR) is sometimes referred to as text recognition. An OCR program extracts and repurposes data from scanned documents, camera images and image-only pdfs. OCR systems use a combination of hardware and software to convert physical, printed documents into machine-readable text. Hardware such as an optical scanner or specialized circuit board copies or reads text then, software typically handles the advanced processing. Process Automation in Azure Automation allows you to automate frequent, time-consuming, and error-prone management tasks. This service helps you focus on work that adds business value. In this paper, I will use the above-mentioned technologies to realize the automatic data generation process for the construction of an online library. In addition, the level of data accuracy will be studied in the automation of data generation from pdf files to mySql. The application will be built in front end html and back end php programming language and mySql database. These tests will be done by inserting more than 17000 books in pdf format.

The Appeal of Gamification for Master’s Students of Science and Technology

Author(s): Iwona Mokwa-Tarnowska,Viviana Tarnowska,Magdalena Roszak / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Universities can offer their master’s students who want to improve their language skills different learning environments. They can range from traditional classes to online programmes equivalent to an on-campus experience or reaching beyond it. Learning technical English through a curriculum that is inspiring and stimulating due to authentic materials used in a gamified setting can result in positive learning outcomes and increased satisfaction levels among lecturers and students. The former can find new challenges helping prevent burnout, the latter have the chance to develop hard and soft skills, including analytical, reflective and critical thinking, through context-specific language. Interactions structured around online activities which involve searching for information in authentic resources and completing activities that allow for progress to the next level can effectively prepare students for challenges they will encounter in their professional life. They can also capture imagination and unlock the creative potential of the educators involved in their development and of participants bored with school routine and textbooks. Thus, a gamified language course for specific purposes can become a highly motivating environment, in which young people develop their creativity, language proficiency and knowledge of technological advances not only in the fields of their interest; they are also exposed to new learning practices due to the application of game-design elements. The ideas presented above will be supported by students’ opinions and attitudes expressed during a pilot Moodle course in a gamified format conducted at Gdansk University of Technology in the summer semester of 2021/2022.

REINTERPRETATION OF ‘SACRED SPACE’ AT THE NEWARK EARTHWORKS AND SERPENT MOUND: Settler Colonialism and Discourses of ‘Sacred’

Author(s): Sandra Garner / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Moundbuilding was a preoccupation for the original, Indigenous occupants of the eastern portion of North America for at least six centuries. Approximately two millennia ago, the inhabitants of a broad swath of land primarily east of the Mississippi River and extending from the gulf to the Great Lakes, engaged in the production of conical, geometric, and effigy shaped earthen mound constructs. The efforts, from small to monumental, reflect a precision, often reflecting astronomical phenomenon. The proliferation of mounds and astronomical focus suggest the moundbuilder cultures privileged these activities, they had purpose. Today many remnants of these extraordinary efforts remain despite the systems of erasure that are characteristic of settler colonialism.Two such sites are the focus of this paper on “sacred space”: the Newark Earthworks and Serpent Mound. Both sites are short-listed for UNESCO World Heritage status. The Newark Earthworks as part of a larger package referred to as “The Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks” and Serpent Mound is a stand-alone nomination. The names of the sites are exemplary of the “logic of elimination,” central to settler colonialism in the Americas (Wolfe). Newark, Hopewell, and Serpent all names given by dominant culture with no relation to the Indigenous architects and builders. They endure and resist, despite a long and complicated history of dominance. While the focus of this paper is on contemporary contestation surrounding the sites, this paper begins with a close description of the sites and offers a brief overview of contact. This historical contextualization serves to demonstrate the ramifications of settler colonialism, which ruptured connections between Indigenous people and this land while simultaneously reinterpreting the sites as distinctly American. This lays a foundation for the web of narratives refashioned and recirculated in today’s contest over World Heritage status. Central to these narratives is ascribing the label of “sacred” to the sites. The vast number of constituents who claim a seat at the table regarding “ownership” and a voice regarding the sites is astounding. These include governmental agencies from the local to global, historical societies, Native peoples, academics, golfers, and small pockets of the public. Into this mix we can include those with religious/spiritual claims such as the Mormons, new-agers, fundamentalist Christians, and contemporary Native tribes. Many of these stakeholders have come together to work toward the coveted World Heritage Status. But, if and when it happens, whose story will dominate, who will make decisions, which voice will be heard?

Юлияна Рот на 80 години

Author(s): Milena Benovska-Sabkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 47/2023

ЛЕГИТИМИЗАЦИЈА ВЛАСТИТОГ СТАТУСА МОЋИ У САМОПРЕДСТАВЉАЊУ МЕЂУНАРОДНЕ КРИЗНЕ ГРУПЕ

Author(s): Ljerka Jeftić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 82/2023

The paper presents types of legitimization in the self-presentation of International Crisis Group (ICG), a non-governmental organization which is globally referred to as the leading source of information, analysis and high-level advocacy in the field of conflict. Given the privileged access to the world policy makers and the powerful social status of the ICG founders and the Board of Trustees’ members, as well as the ICG’s presence on the ground in the countries where conflicts occur, the paper posits that the legitimacy of the ICG’s persuasive power is grounded on authority and information as social resources. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of two self-promotional ICG brochures points to the equal contribution of both social resources in providing legitimacy for the organisation’s existence and work. Namely, it is found that legitimization by reference to personal authority, as well as commendation legitimization, are enacted not only through personal authority vested in ICG’s members on the grounds of their individual, respective (former) roles in governments, in the media, business, and in financial institutions, but through the personal authority vested in the individuals (re)commending the work and stature of ICG (high officials of the parties in conflict, as well as world’s top governments officials), whose affiliations are always stated in the analyzed corpus. Their authority gets implicitly transposed to the organization itself. The role of mythopoesis, as the type of legitimization enacted through storytelling, is to portray the organization as the hero and the voice of the world’s vulnerable. The combination of rationalization and moral evaluation provide legitimacy for the “field-centred research” and “allegiance to the facts on the ground” as components of ICG’s “methodology” in obtaining and producing information thus implicitly legitimizing the truth about a conflict that the ICG analysts may establish.

FASHIONABLE POLITICS: HOW ITALIAN LEADERS TRANSFORM INTO SUCCESSFUL BRANDS IN CONTEMPORARY COMMUNICATION

Author(s): Daniele Battista / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Political communication is inherently intertwined with social dynamics and cannot be considered a separate field of study. Symbolic elements, slogans, and the leadership of political figures have permeated human history, influencing and often determining political action. This study has analyzed the phenomenon of personalization as compelling evidence in the field of contemporary political communication. The analysis is based on a study of Italian cases, aiming to provide an in-depth insight into the strategies adopted by political parties to personalize their leaders’ image and engage voters. In particular, the focus has primarily been on party symbols incorporating the leader’s name. The research was conducted to identify party personalization mechanisms and their impact on public opinion. The result highlighted the role of political communication in asserting the individual as a brand at the expense of the party organization, with significant implications for democracy and political participation.

Нова политическа фразеология в българската публична реч

Author(s): Nadezhda Stalyanova,Elena Krejčová / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

This text explores the potential for updating the phraseological fund of the Bulgarian language in the Bulgarian public discourse and examines the influence of different types of updates on the specifics of the functioning of the given phraseological units in public speech. The most visible updates are those that clearly introduce new elements into the meaning of the original sustained phrase, but at the same time retain the obvious connection to the original language unit. Phraseological units, which are generally distinguished by semantic indivisibility, stability of their lexical composition, invariable structure, imagery, emotionality and expressiveness, are subject to dynamic changes occurring in Bulgarian language in recent years. We direct our interest to stable expressions, in the composition of which a new component appears as a manifestation of lexical dynamics, which replaces an already established one, or an additional element appears in the structure of a phraseology, i.e. our attention will be directed mainly to the so-called lexical updates of the phraseological fund. In the text, we trace the change (structural and semantic) in a number of phraseological units in the Bulgarian language, in which the entry of the lexical component kopeyka is observed. The excerpted material is from two corpora – CLASSLA-web.bg (Bulgarian web) and the corpus of parliamentary speech ParlaMint corpus: https://www.clarin.si/ske/#concordance. The examples extracted from the corpora are relevant for tracking the changes we are interested in in the phraseological fund of the modern Bulgarian language.

Provocări în oferta culturală a muzeelor din România: tururile virtuale

Author(s): Ana-Maria Pop,Tania Someșfălean,Gheorghe Hognogi,Alexandra-Camelia Marian-Potra / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

The mobility restrictions and the cessation of activities in physical locations, a general framework generated by the Covid-19 pandemic, determined for the majority of the population a reconfiguration of the way of spending their work and their leisure. At the same time, the digitalisation incentives promoted by all relevant stalekholders, whether by national authorities or by public or private institutions, have taken their place in the lives of citizens. The cultural sector, especially museums, has adapted and the cultural offer has been folded on the new challenges. The present material highlights, particularly for Romania, the digital museum offer in the form of virtual tours, accelerated by this current health crisis, corroborated with immersive initiatives in some museums, predominantly abroad, where the appetite for emerging technologies was felt as a need for public diversification even before the pandemic.