Kinesko “osvajanje“ sveta

Author(s): Seška Stanojlović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

“Stvari će potrajati. Diktatura ne vlada samo na nacionalnom planu. Ona je i u obiteljskoj strukturi, u čemu i treba tražiti korijene strašnog kineskog autoritarizma. Djeca u Kini odrastaju u potpunom nedostatku slobode i ravnopravnosti... Trebat će ideje demokracije usidriti u psihu ljudi... Pokret za demokratizaciju Kine mora biti pokret za individualno oslobođenje... Promjena vlasti ne bi bila dovoljna”. Ovaj citat studentkinje Čai Ling (Chai Ling) Latinka Perović je u uvodu svoje knjige “Zatvaranje kruga: ishod političkog rascepa u SKJ 1971/72” (“Svjetlost”, Sarajevo 1991), uzela kao jednu od ilustracija sopstvene analize društvenih tokova u XX veku. Fokusirana u prvom redu na (zlo)upotrebu socijalističke ideologije, jedne od dominatnih globalnih ideologija prošlog stoleća, u patrijarhalnim društvima, ova analiza i sada ima aktuelnu rezonancu. Bez obzira na dramatične promene koje su se u poslednje dve decenije odigrale u svetu, pogotovo na ogromnom prostoru između Pacifika na istoku i Atlantika na zapadu.

Stone-Paste Ceramics from Tarnovgrad — the Capital of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom

Author(s): Kalin Chakarov,Dejan Rabovjanov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This study if focused on pieces of the so called stone-paste (Qashan) ceramics, found during archaeological excavations on the two citadels in the capital of the Second Bulgarian kingdom. Most of the findings are shards that come from the Southern part of Trapezitsa. There is also a restored bowl found at area 14 at Tsarvets. Their context is dated to the 13th—14th century. Not numerous artifacts of this kind, among the ceramic assemblage in this context, as stone-paste ware, Celadon ware and Western majolica ware, show that import of decorated luxory ceramic wares to the Bulgarian capital was limited.The examples of stone-paste wares presented here were made at important production centres of the Golden Horde ion the Lower Volga region and at the workshops of Mamluk Egypt. These evidences of distant trade connections are exotic exceptions among the art ware ceramic assemblage of medieval Tarnovo.

INVESTIGATION OF WEAK-FORM EFFICIENCY IN THE CEE REGION APPLYING VARIANCE RATIO TEST

Author(s): Mihály Ormos,Gábor Botár / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

We test weak form efficiency for the Central and Eastern European stock markets applying variance ratio test. We investigate the price changes of seven CEE markets (Austria, Hungary, Estonia, the Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia) for the period 1991-2011. In order to make the results for these markets directly comparable with results for other developed markets, Germany, United Kingdom and the USA were also incorporated. Our results present contrarian pricing behavior in the investigated countries while instead of the mean reverting (negative autocorrelation) pricing process experienced in the US or in the UK we measure positive autocorrelation especially in the early years of the investigated stock exchanges.

The calculation of the output gap in the machinery sector of the Slovak Republic

Author(s): Eva Kafkova,Igor Hudak / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is the calculation and evaluation of the output gap by Cobb-Douglas function in the terms of the Slovak economy with focus on the mechanical sector as an important part of the national economy during the period 2000 – 2012. The advantage of the chosen calculation of the output gap is the possibility to use it for the part of economy. The output gap is an important economic indicator determining the difference between actual and potential output of the economy, respectively of its part.

Economic and Financial Aspects of Forced Migration from Bulgaria in 1989

Author(s): Mustafa Miynat,Öznur Akyol,Deniz Alçin Şahintürk / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The pressures that started with the name changes of Turkish villages in the 1930s began to rise even further with the “one nation” decision of the communist regime in 1956. By the year 1984, the Turks whose names were changed perforce due to the assimilation policy in Bulgaria and whose languages were banned started a resistance campaign, which was widely supported by the Turks in the resistance zone. The Bulgarian government has forced the Turks to migrate in 1989 in order to avert Turkish people from gaining further power in the region. The then Prime Minister Turgut Ozal has offered the introduction of a migration law which the Bulgarian government rejected, declaring a forceful expulsion within twenty-four hours. The 1989 Bulgarian immigration went down in history as the largest migration movement in Europe after the Word War II. In our study, the economic and financial impacts of the tragedy that the Turks went through in Bulgaria are discussed.

Cumhuriyet Dönemi Romanlarında Ekonomik Nedenlere Bağlı İç Göçe Dair Bir Tahlil Denemesi

Author(s): Polat Sel / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

İç göç hareketi, bireylerin herhangi bir yerleşim biriminden (köy, kasaba, şehir) bir diğer yerleşim birimine geçici veya kalıcı bir süre için gelmeleridir. İç göçün yönü bakımından dört alt kategori içinde yer aldığı bilinmektedir: Kırdan-kente, kentten-kente, kentten-kıra, kırdan-kıra (Akkayan,1979, s. 23-25).

Sindikati i radništvo u procesima transformacije: (dis)kontinuiteti radničkih borbi u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Anđela Pepić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Over three decades since the beginning of the transformation and privatisation processes in former SFRY, and particularly in BiH, the outcomes are deindustrialized societies, atomized workers divided on different grounds, large industrial complexes completely ruined and their workers empoverished and fully disempowered through layoff s, bankruptcy and liquidation procedures, and the union organizing and actions are reduced to a minimum. Within this context, this paper analyses perception of (former) workers of three former industrial giants in BiH - Rudi Čajavec, Energoinvest, Aluminij - on the privatisation and transformation processes, role of the workers and unions within those processes, as well as the outcomes of the processes for unions and the trust of the workers in unions. Through the set of interviews with (former) workers of above mentioned three enterprises, we analyse the patterns and discourses emerging from their statements, shedding additional, workers perspective on the processes that have been going on in former SFRY and BiH spaces since the eighties. The results point out several interconnected discourses that are combined together: privatisation as stealing and robbing off workers, disempowered workers within the privatisation processes, i.e. lack of agency due to loss of power-position, politics of fear incorporated in workers’ and unions’ (non-)action, division among workers, (dis)continuities of union struggles, and finally, loss of trust in unions and labour organizing. Based on the research results, we conclude that the strategies and tactics for pacification of the workers’ rebellion and union struggles, implemented during the privatisation processes by various political, ethno–national and economic elites, resulted in complete smashing of the workers’ rebellion, division of workers and union fragmentation, thus disabling any wide-scale organizing of workers in the class struggle.

Osnovni pojmovi i razvoj procesa evropske integracije do šezdesetih godina

Author(s): Tanja Miščević / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Ono što je jedinstveno i što izdvaja model koji nudi Evropska unija (EU) - i po čemu se razlikuje od tipičnih međunarodnih organizacija (koje su prevashodno forumi za pregovaranje, čije organe čine predstavnici država članica, a odluke su neobavezujuće, najčešće preporuke) - jeste nadnacionalnost, tačnije nadnacionalna obilježja koja opredjeljuju funkcionisanje Unije.

Istorijat ekonomske i monetarne unije, mikroekonomija EU i makroekonomija EU - I

Author(s): Miroslav Prokopijević / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Po pitanju Evropske unije ne spadam ni u optimiste, ni u pesimiste, već u realiste. Evropska unija sama po sebi nije ni dobra ni loša ideja. Koliko je ona dobra ili loša, zavisi od toga kako se neke stvari rade. Krenućemo s analizom od nekih osnovnih stvari koje su važne za ekonomsko-finansijsku stranu Unije.

Istorijat ekonomske i monetarne unije, mikroekonomija EU i makroekonomija EU - II

Author(s): Miroslav Prokopijević / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

GDP Evropske unije je 11.500-12.000 milijardi dolara. Kad pogledate, vidite koliko ko vrijedi na tržištu. U apsolutnim iznosima BDP zemalja članica EU vidi se da je €12 zona 7.252 milijardi eura, da je €15 zona 9.296 milijardi eura. Iz ovih podataka može se zaključiti koliko malo doprinose svih 10 novih članica. Ukupni GDP novih članica malo je manji od holandskog, i tu se vidi koliko malo 10 novih članica ekonomski doprinose. To je samo nekih 5% od ukupnog BDP Unije. Kad bi se taj doprinos 10 novih članica u GDP-u gledao u paritetu kupovne vrijednosti, to ne bi bilo samo 5%, možda bi poraslo na nekih 9 ili 10%, koliko taj dohodak vrijedi u kupovnoj moći na tržištu tih 10 zemalja. Kako stoji dohodak EU prema američkom? EU25 ima približno isti dohodak izražen u eurima kao i SAD i ima otprilike tri puta veći od Japana, čiji dohodak prilično stagnira u posljednjih 20 godina. Japanski privredni model, nekada mnogo reklamiran, došao je u krizu koja traje skoro tri decenije. Vrijednost Nikeja - japanskog indeksa akcija - prije 25 god je bila oko 30.000, a sada je njegova vrijednost negdje oko 13-14.000. To je vrijednost prosjeka indeksa vodećih japanskih firmi, odnosno tržišna vrijednost tražnje njihovih akcija. U Americi je to Dau Džons (Dow Jones), indeks 30 najvećih američkih firmi, ili Futsi u Engleskoj, i nijedan nije toliko pao od 2000. godine kao što je pao japanski. Japan ima javni dug koji je u visini skoro dvostrukog nacionalnog dohotka. Da Japanci proizvode dvije godine kao što proizvode, da niko ne popije ni čašu vode, tek onda bi izmirili taj dug. Američki dohodak skoro je jednak sa EU, ali ovo je i vrlo nerealistična brojka iz baze podataka, jer je uračunat pad dolara. Ako podatke uzmete prema paritetu kupovne snage, onda ćete vidjeti da Amerikanci, ovakvi kakvi su, imaju dohodak bar nekih 25% veći od EU15. Brojka je varljiva zbog pada vrijednosti dolara.

Marina e Bokës

Author(s): Tatjana Zambata / Language(s): Albanian Publication Year: 0

Bokeljska mornarica

Author(s): Tatjana Zambata / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

KAKO KONSTRUIRATI DEMOGRAFSKE TRENDOVE NA TEMELJU PODATAKA O BROJU FISKALNIH JEDINICA: DŽIZJA U BOSNI U 18. STOLJEĆU

Author(s): Nenad Moačanin / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

In der Historiographie überwiegt der Standpunkt, dass die “Reform” der Einhebung der Dzizja aus 1691 mehr Klarheit in diesen Bereich gebracht hat, und damit den heutigen Osmanisten die Arbeit erleichtert, vor allem bei dem Versuch, demographische Bewegungen festzustellen. Nun scheint aber die Lage keineswegs einfach zu sein. Konkrete Umstände entsprachen meist nicht den allgemeinen Grundsätzen, die man von oben verordnen wollte. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Untersuchung suggerieren, dass es eine Reihe von Phänomenen gegeben hat, die eine Veränderung der bisherigen, hauptsächlich mechanischen Perspektive nahelegen. So scheint das Prinzip, nach dem jeder geschlechtlich reife Nichtmoslem Dzizja zu zahlen hatte, keine praktische Anwendung gefunden hat, so dass sich in der Praxis die Familie als grundlegende fiksalische Einheit nach wie vor erhalten hat. Weiterhin haben die Gläubiger vor Ort als die Basis für die Erhebung dieser Steuer eine größere Einheit von vier-fünf Steuerpflichtigen angenommen, was andererseits der basalen Einheit des Besitzfonds (diş, bzw. şinik) entspricht. Und schließlich große Unterschiede in der Anzahl der Zahlungsbestätigungen (evrak) asu dem frühen und späten 18. Jahrhundert, was weder durch das gigantische natürliche Bevölkerungswachstum, noch durch Migrationen ausnehmend großer Ausmaße zu erklären wären, vor allem wenn man annimt, dass sich die Steuererhebung von einem Äquivalent für einen kleineren Teil der basalen Einheit des Besitzfonds zum immer größeren bewegt hat.

THE ROLE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL INDUSTRY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONS: THE CASE OF THE GERMAN REGION SAXONY-ANHALT

Author(s): Balázs Páger / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the 21st century, the environment and the sustainability have gained more relevant role in the regional development. The old East German region and the Central-Eastern European regions are in similar position in this aspect. All of the East German regions had almost the same problems as the central and eastern European regions, because of the planned economy system between 1950 and 1990. They had an old industrial structure with big inequalities in the economy and it caused structural problems in the economy of this regions. The examined region, Saxony-Anhalt fell in deep economical depression after the political transition and the reunion of Germany, so it was necessary to work out some development strategies which can help the region to transform its economy. One of these development strategies is the re-industrialization with new innovative industries. The goal of this paper is to introduce a new knowledge- and innovation-based industry, which is built on the environment protection, and to analyze its developing effects on an East German region’s economy. I suppose it is important to analyze, how such a sustainable industry can grow up in an old industrial region. This research is based on the arrangements and initiations of the European Union, Germany and Saxony-Anhalt which are in connection with the environmental industry. It is the other important question of the paper, how these decisions and arrangements could support the development of the environmental industry, how this industry could take effect on the economical and social development of the region. The results are significant, the region could show the biggest development in the German environmental industry between 2005 and 2010 and the future of that industry seems to be really stable due to the infrastructural, educational and scientific backgrounds.

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF THE WESTERN BALKANS

Author(s): Jasmina Osmanković,Emina Resić,Jasmin Hošo / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper analyzes models of economic development of the Western Balkans including: Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo and Macedonia in the period 1952-1984 and first decade of the 21st century. The primary goal is to identify common elements and similarities, which could be the basis for considering the justification of profiling a joint regional strategy. The paper proves the hypothesis that the models of economic development in these countries are similar, or that have the necessary and sufficient number of common elements that seem worth profiling the common regional strategy.

REFLEXIE VÝSKUMU CESTOVNÉHO RUCHU NA SLOVENSKU VO VEDECKOM ČASOPISE EKONOMICKÁ REVUE CESTOVNÉHO RUCHU V ROKOCH 1993 AŽ 2012

Author(s): Kristína Pompurová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The scientific journal Economic Review of Tourism was created in 1968 and is continuously published by the Faculty of Economics Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica. It brings out original articles and analytical studies of domestic and foreign authors pointed on the tourism theory development. It creates a space for discussion on topical issues affecting tourism in Slovakia and in the European context. It furthermore provides publication reviews and annotations useful for theoreticians and practitioners of tourism. The journal presents an interdisciplinary approach of scientific study of tourism. In the period of years 1993 ‒ 2012 there were published scientific articles focused mainly on the tourism market, tourism demand and supply, on the management and marketing of tourism companies and destinations, on thequality in tourism and customer satisfaction, as well as on human resources and teaching in tourism, tourism economics and organizational structure in the tourism.

VÝZNAM LÁZEŇSTVÍ A WELLNESS PRO SOUČASNÝ CESTOVNÍ RUCH V OBDOBÍ ZMĚN

Author(s): Eva Vavrečková,Jiří Vaníček / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper is based on research results, especially on the first research phase focused on topic "Spa and tourism" organized by Department of Spa, Gastronomy and Tourism, Faculty of Philosophy and Science, Silesian University in Opava for Association of Spas. The paper is focused on analysis of current situation in Czech spa area based on chosen statistical indicators in providing of spa care services in years 2000 – 2013 and it defines visitor's and inhabitant's profiles of chosen spa resorts in Czech Republic. There is also analysis of wellness services in spa care and hotels and its importance for tourism, supported by particular indicator values obtained in specified areas in Czech Republic. Final part containssummary and describes another options and perspectives available for spa care and wellness in service offers of tourism in Czech Republic.

ACTIVITIES OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN TOURISM DESTINATIONS – CASE STUDY OF SLOVAKIA

Author(s): Vanda Marakova,Diana Kvasnová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The success of destinations on tourism market determines coordination and cooperation of stakeholders participating on its development. In states with developed tourism has cooperation and partnerships in tourism destinations long tradition. In Slovakia is this collaborative approach actual from 90s, when with the aim to support tourism development were established tourism associations. The Tourism Support Act. 91/2010 Coll. Determined conditions for establishment of destination management organizations (DMOs) on the base of public-private partnership. Partnership can be characterized as a strategic joining of different stakeholders participating on tourism development in destinations. Its establishment increases competitiveness of tourism destinations and their sustainability on tourism market. The aim of the paper is to examine the activities of DMOs on local and regional level in tourism destination in Slovakia. The material utilized by the authors are secondary data processed by selected methods of correlation and regression analysis. The paper focuses on analysis of funds on marketing activities of DMOs in the relation to attendance of tourism destinations.

A Question of State Aid for Sectoral Development in the EU

Author(s): Piotr Podsiadło / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article presents the conditions of admissibility of State aid in the European Union, taking into account the rules applicable to the sectoral aid for enterprises. Pursuant to Article 107 par. 3 (c) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), State aid may be compatible with the internal market in so far as it is intended to facilitate the development of certain economic activities. Thus, aid that is determined according to sectoral criteria may be permissible where this leads to the development of that sector. While many aid schemes are sectoral in nature, the European Commission has not sought to develop a sectoral approach in the development of its State aid policy. In general, the main state aid policy instruments governing horizontal aid, such as the guidelines on regional State aid or the guidelines on environmental protection, draw no distinction between different sectors, other than to restrict their application in certain circumstances. Nevertheless, certain sectors have been subjected to different treatment under the State aid rules. In particular, sectors that suffered from over-capacity, such as motor vehicles, synthetic fibres and textiles were subject to individual treatment by the Commission. The article offers an analysis of State aid granted by EU Member States is carried out under the provisions of the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union and the rules of State aid admissibility on the basis of the implementing sectoral regulations. The analysis made it possible to verify the influence of State aid on economic growth in EU Member States, which provided State aid for sectoral development in the years 2000-2017. The analysis was based on a linear regression model. The response variable (dependent variable Y) is the size of the GDP, while the explanatory variable (independent variable X) is the expenditure on State aid for sectoral development.

Public Funding of Business R&D Activities in the Czech Manufacturing Sector 2010 – 2014

Author(s): Marek Vokoun,František Stellner / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The analysis aims at the Czech manufacturing sector and innovation activities between 2010 and 2014. A panel of three Community Innovation Surveys is analyzed. This paper evaluates public funding of business R&D. The analyzed sample consists of 9316 observations of which 4313 are about R&D spenders, and 1942 are about new-to-the-market innovators. This paper estimates the model based on three stages of the innovation business process. The probability to innovate (full sample), the R&D expenditures per one employee and sales from innovated goods and services per one employee (new-to-the-market innovation sample) are analyzed. Central government funding and EU Programmes funding contributed to the innovation intensity (R&D expenditures). In the case of the innovation output, the additional contribution of public support was measured. Local and central government programmes, EU programmes, and also the variable describing support from the Framework/Horizon programmes were statistically insignificant. Public funding led to some extent to a crowding-effect of private sources in the manufacturing sector among new-to-the-market innovators.