България и Р Македония между правото, политиката и неотложните промени
Scientific report reflects the author's civil positions and motivation to share the need for targeted changes in the relations between Bulgaria and Macedonia.
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Scientific report reflects the author's civil positions and motivation to share the need for targeted changes in the relations between Bulgaria and Macedonia.
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This article is devoted to the research of the archetype of Teacher. An attempt was made to identify the archetype and define its structure-forming elements in the mythologized biography of one of the main leaders of the theater – M.Vodyanoy. The theoretical basis of the article is based on the theory of archetypes of C.G.Jung and research of E.Druzhinina. The author discovers in the biography of Vodyanoy such structural elements of the archetype of the Teacher as "the original archetype", which is closely associated with the symbolic role of the chief, sacrifice, mythical ancestor, demiurge, cultural hero, and also the motive of suffering.It is well known that archetypes are typical species of understanding. Archetypes provides with depth to the structure of human significance. It can be particularly observed in the case of mythology and art. C.G.Jung realized the strong link between mythology and art and used his theory of archetypes, not only in psychoanalytic practice, but also in interpretation of the various works of art. Thus, in this research we try to follow this example in order to detect in the art of theater the one of the ancient archetypes – the archetype of Teacher, which is correlated with Jung's archetype – Wise old man.In our opinion, the archetype of Teacher is one of the basic archetypes of the myth of the Odessa Theater of Musical Comedy.We pay attention to such a very important issue as a traditionalism of Theater of Musical Comedy. We found that the troupe itself is divided into three generations of artists: older, middle and younger. The older generation of artists (M.Vodyanoy, E.Dembska, І.Іvanova, S.Krupnik, Yu.Dinov, E.Sіlіn, L.Satosova, and etc.) is teachers, luminaries, leading figures, guru of the Odessa Theater of Musical Comedy. Most of them are dead. But the memory about Teachers alive and spread from the middle generation of artists to junior. Certainly it concerns the great artist and Theater – M.Vodyanoy.It's extremely important to highlight the main characteristics of the archetype of Teacher. First of all, the source for the archetype of the teacher is figure of chief, sacrificer and mythical ancestor, cultural hero and demiurge. Exactly these symbolic roles were played by one of the main leaders of the theatre – M.Vodyanoy. He stood at the origins of the theatre of Musical Comedy. He was always and everywhere the first. It is known that the actor was called "king of operetta". He was among the first artists in the genre that in 1976 was awarded the highest title – People's Artist of the USSR. M. Vodyanoy had a lot of fans. He was loved and adored. He had students and went on to become not only a creative leader but also a director of this theatre and besides he turned into a hero of "Odessa's myth".There are a lot of signs of mythologizing in the history of the theatre and in the biography of M.Vodyanoy. Attention is focused on the Odessa image flavour of the theatre and its leading artist as а "real" Odessa citizen. So there are a lot of different legends about M.Vodyanoy in the folklore of the city of Odessa. Some of those stories tell us about his Odessa roots and favorite habit of walking on the Deribasovskaya street. Other tells us about Vodyanoy's fascination with artistic work and searching for details for his costumes in the streets of Odessa. In any case, such mythology underlines the authenticity of M.Vodyanoy, his close relationship with the city. That, in its turn, "works on" the archetype of the Teacher, because the Teacher in order to trust should be only native.The second structure-forming element of the archetype of Teacher is a motif of suffering. This motif can be found in the fate of such famous mythological teachers like Chiron and even historical figures as Socrates or Janusz Korczak. The motif of suffering can be found also in the fate of M.Vodyanoy. It is well-known that the artist suffered several heart attacks after he was literally persecuted in the mid-80s. The trumped criminal case was opened by the detractors of M.Vodyanoy. These dramatic events in the biography of the artist described in different articles and essays of journalists of Odessa. Some of which we refer to in the text of our article. M.Vodyanoy could not survive his personal drama that has been linked to his persecuted. He died at the peak of his career in the full dawn of his creative powers. But today the place, to which he devoted his entire life, the Odessa Theater of Musical Comedy is the theatre named after him and students of his students regard M.Vodyanoy as their teacher. If for the middle generation of artists status of M.Vodyanoy as a teacher, is no doubt, for the youth he is in a symbolic sense some kind of "ancestors". So due to our research we came to an interesting opening. The whole force of archetype of the Teacher lies in some amazing trait: based on the past it sets a certain motion vector and development in the present and the future.
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Rat u Hrvatskoj, 1992-1995, privukao je posebnu pažnju svijeta i javnog mnjenja na problem srpske manjine u ovoj zemlji. Međutim, trećoj po veličini etničkoj grupi u Hrvatskoj, Muslimanima1, dato je manje prostora. Ubrzo nakon što je Republika Hrvatska proglasila nezavisnost (25. 06. 1992), oni su sletjeli u politički i pravni vakuum. Muslimani su prestali da se tretiraju kao nacionalna manjina. U cilju njihove asimilacije, hrvatski masovni mediji su počeli sve češće da ih definiraju kao izmišljen2 entitet/narod, ili nejasno definisan. Porast anti-muslimanskog osjećaja je doveo do društveno-političkog oživljavanja te zajednice. Sve veći broj organizacija i političkih stranaka je osnivano u Hrvatskoj, koje su zastupale interese Muslimana u tom periodu. Cilj ovog rada je da se predstavi aktivnost slovenskih muslimana na području Hrvatske u devedesetim godinama XX i početkom XXI stoljeća i da pokušamo analizirati politiku hrvatskih vlasti prema ovoj zajednici. Pitanja postavljena u ovom radu još nisu temeljito prostudirana i istražena, a disertacije objavljene do sada u vezi sa ovom temom u regiji su marginalnog kvaliteta. Integracija Republike Hrvatske s Evropskom unijom pojačava potrebu temeljitog istraživanja ovih pitanja.
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Prošlo je sto godina od nezapamćenog zločina genocida i akcije pokrštavanja muslimana Plavsko-gusinjskog kraja, a da u vezi događaja nije sprovedena ni jedna ozbiljnija državna istraga. Među preostalim, raseljenim stanovnicima ostao je po koji zapis kao sjećanje na brutalni čin, koji su zvanične vlasti Kraljevine Crne Gore nastojale sprati sa sebe i pripisati ga takozvanim, lokalnim „paramilitarnim“, crnogorskovasojevskim moćnicima, predvođenim zloglasnim Avrom Cemovićem. Da zlo bude veće, niko za ovaj brutalni čin nije kažnjen, niti je za to odgovarao. Preplašeno i nezaštićeno stanovništvo u ovom, ratovima pripojenom, dijelu Sandžaka, nastavlja svoj egzodus prema Albaniji, Kosovu, Makedoniji i preostalim dijelovima Osmanlijske imperije. Svaki podignuti kamen krajputaš, snagom svoje ispisane poruke, govori o tegobi življenja, ali i opstanka na okrvavljenoj zemlji plavsko-gusinjskoj. Osim relativizacije ovog zločina i poigravanja sa statistikama stradalih, i nakon sto proteklih godina, malo je učinjeno na njegovom rasvjetljavanju.
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Making affect the living conditions of as ordinary underground, and higher commanders. That problem was not left in to find a place in secret places dig it, find the pick, but deliver and maintain these products. The need for regulated products generally instructive guidance (quantity, composition, etc.). Although all the procurement took into account the real possibilities of the region.For full proharchuvannya developed specific recommendations on the necessary components of food, their calorie content, and the needs and options for the replacement of individual components (with the same calorie content). It should be noted that the management suited to differentiated food nutrition standards depending on the tasks (wintering in kryyivtsi stay in roads, etc.). A clear indication in the distribution of food stocks are also associated with their small reserves, and therefore need a longer use.Of course we have to mention that diet and to some extent dependent on the locations of rebel department or location of the hiding places (built in the farms kept local residents have allowed varied diet). COOKING UPA engaged individuals who have the appropriate skills and in secret places during the winter it could carry out a woman (if any) inhabitants refuge, alternately or together with a clear division of responsibilities.Figuring features material living conditions, moral and psychological circumstances of the Carpathians under-ground environment enables study descriptions of memories and diaries. That is often the nationalists had to starve days and weeks. Another drawback was the lack of domestic opportunities to kindle a fire in the open, because it could see the enemy. It was felt particularly sharply in early spring, when insurgents hiding places and left feeling cold.It should be noted that life in kryyivtsi had strict regulations: Time for morning hygiene, snidanok, classes (history of Ukraine, ideological propaganda classes, items of general cycle general education), if the radio listening to just the latest news. Given 2-3 hours for private lessons (reading books, personal interests, etc.). Cooking and cleaning all rebels involved, an exception could be the conductor. If kryyivtsi was a woman, then set Screen covers. Violation of vstanovlenoho regulations were imposed: an extraordinary status, study some works. Among the entertainment used the game with chess, checkers, in some cases – playing musical instruments. Certain difficulties and opportunities related to daily observe personal hygiene. Of course in the summer the situation was favorable – used for this purpose reservoirs that were nearby, had complicated the fall, winter and spring. At this time, these needs could make in homes of local people. In establishing relationships, life in a closed and confined space women had difficult with male staff.Nationalists, making a daily struggle, despite the constant voltage did not forget about training, self-education, leisure, celebrations and more. In difficult conditions of daily struggle played an important moment of celebration moral-psychological, educational value. In the underground, along with propaganda, military activities and everyday work, do not forget about the celebration of various holidays. With materials stored hear about the celebrations that took place in the underground. In particular, we highlight the religious and nationalist public holidays. Celebrating each holiday care-fully prepared, develop manuals and guidelines. It was during the celebration of religious holidays and underground rebels had the opportunity to taste festive food. However, a complete meal (for all ritual canons) could have been in the cantonment nationalists in villages among family, friends and sympathizers.Thus, despite the difficulties of everyday life, the events of war and post-war confrontation has put forward to the historic arena strong, sacrificial personalities that in war people were not lost moral and Christian values. Setting the usual everyday improvements in the underground depended on a number of circumstances. Even in the actual conditions of war nationalists denied by a short holiday and festive moments. With the aim of significant events underground photographed.
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Kosovo during the XIX century was a part of the Ottoman Empire, and passed through those stages of socio-political development through which passed the Ottoman Empire, particularly its European part – Rumelia. In the European part of the Ottoman Empire, in addition to Serbs, Montenegrins, Greeks and other peoples of the Balkans, who in the XIX century lived in this part, also the Albanians - divided into four vilayets (Kosovo, Manastiri (Bitola), Shkodra and Janina) - aimed at having a political and cultural autonomy. The problems that have accompanied the Albanians and the Ottoman Empire, have affected and are reflected inevitably in the circumstances cultural and educational institutions, which of course are conditional and are closely linked with the political and social conditions that prevailed at that time throughout the entire Ottoman Empire and neighboring countries, especially to those who for political reasons, national etc., were interested and had territorial claims on Albanian territories in particular and in the Ottoman Empire in general. Aware of the risk that is being threatened, far sighted Albanian patriots and with political vision, gathered in Prizren to coordinate their actions and to take decisions and concrete actions for preserving not only borders, but also their existence. They formed the organization the Albanian League of Prizren, which in the framework of its program and above all political and military, had developed also a wide platform of cultural development of Albanians.
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The article is devoted to the basic processes of formation of an outstanding museum institution in Ukraine in 1940-1960's – National Historical and Ethnographic Reserve "Pereyaslav". A number of archive documents, records of the repository collection of NHER "Pereyaslav" were used that allowed to clarify some aspects of the history of the museum institution formation in Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi.The aim of the given research is the integrated coverage of the history of formation of Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky Historical Museum on grounds of the analysis of unintroduced, little known and published sources. During the research, systematic and diachronic analyzes as well as the retrospective method, and general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis) were used.The museology is quite a potent cultural layer due to which visitors get an idea of various aspects of human existence, and museum institutions themselves play an important role in the preservation and investigation of cultural heritage of any country. The establishment of museology in Pereyaslav area was preceded by a period of accumulation and collecting. In 1917 the first regional historical museum in Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi was situated in the building of Pereyaslav collegium of the 18th century. This museum sustained considerable damages during the Russian-German War in 1943, and funds were destroyed.The next museum exhibition was created in 1946 in the fitted premises – the building of the local doctor A.Y.Kozachkovskyi, who was a friend of the famous Ukrainian poet Taras Shevchenko. The new museum was located in three rooms and its newly raised funds amounted to about 700 museum pieces, the pre-war funds were not preserved. The Council of Ministers of USSR planned to close the regional historical museums both in the town of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi and in the city of Bila Tserkva to establish on their basis Bila Tserkva District Museum of Local Lore.On the basis of archival sources of the State Archive of Kiev region and the Central State Archive of Supreme Bodies of Authorities and Management in Ukraine the article makes a hypothesis that it was the state level celebration of the 300th anniversary of Pereyaslav Council and the appointment of Mikhailo Ivanovych Sikorskyi that have become the main catalysts for the creation of the Reserve in the town of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky. Currently it plays an important role in maintaining and investigation of the cultural heritage of Ukrainian people. In view of the laid down statements in the article, it was concluded that in 1950’s the historic museum of Pereyaslav area promoted achievements of socialist construction and the Soviet regime.The article indicates some aspects of the opening of the first museum expositions in Pereyaslav area (the Archaeological Museum, the Memorial Museum of architect V.H. Zabolotnyi) that form a part of the museum complex structure. The prerequisites and the beginning of creation of the first Ukrainian open-air museum – the Museum of Folk Architecture and Life of the Middle Naddnipryanshchyna have been predetermined. Particularly, the first ethnographic exposition was placed in the fitted premises in Mykhailivskyi Monastery, which is why it could not depict the life of the Ukrainians in the 19th century to the full extent.Therefore, beginning from the 1960’s an ethnographic exhibition was created on the new site that eventually covered an area of over 24 hectares. The above-mentioned open-air museum was founded mainly on the basis of immovable historic-cultural monuments of the Middle Dnieper villages that were flooded during the creation of the Kaniv reservoir. The main structural unit of the open-air museum is a manor house. Along with the manor houses there were windmills, sacral and public buildings of the 19th century.In a period of sixty years, Mykhailo Sikorskyi has made a significant contribution to the study of the history and culture of Ukraine, in particular, of Pereyaslav area, turning the town into a prominent center of culture and spirituality, the treasury of monuments of our country, and has created a unique museum complex – Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi State Historic and Cultural Reserve, which in 1999 was granted the status of National Reserve.The employees of Pereyaslav museums, headed by M.I. Sikorskyi, in a period of almost half-century could create an important culturological resource that we have to use skillfully today in order to critically redefine the past of Ukrainian people.
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Sydney Waterlow (1878-1944), Minister Plenipotentiary of Great Britain in Bulgaria (1929-1933) can be defined as one of the most active in the diplomatic activities of the Foreign Office in resolving the Macedonian issue in between the two world wars.
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Migrating to Bessarabia since the beginning of 18th c., the Bulgarian settlers claimed their colonists’ rights, which were recognized in 1819. In 1832 they obtained a special territorial-administrative entity – the Board for the Trans-Danubian settlers (Upravlenie zadunayskikh pereselentsev). After the Crimean War of 1853-1856, when a part of Bessarabia joined Moldova, the Bulgarians of the Russian part joined into a Superiority of Bessarabia Bulgarians (Nastoyatelstvo bessarabskikh bolgar), which existed until 1871, to be deprived of their colonists’ status thereafter. The other part of the migrants, those from the separated Bessarabia, preserved its territorial-administrative entity until the end of the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878.
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In the course of several decades - from the establishing of Vardar Macedonia as a federative unit within the borders of Tito's Jugoslavia in the 40s of the XX с to present days - the personality and the activity of the voivode from the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization Yane Sandansky have been the object of historical falsifications and open political speculations concerning his nationality.
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The paper treats the war memorials in Plovdiv made by ethno-religious and social local communities for their members perished during the First World War. The comparison of the victims’ names written on the memorials and names in civil and military documents gives additional information in different directions. On the base of that analysis the author proposes statements on different problems such as specifying the still uncertain number of Plovdiv citizens perished in the war, the percentage of the victims to their own communities and to the total urban population, some anthroponomical characteristics as well as the main tasks of future researching.
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“The Lexical and Phraseological Dictionary of Devoll”, published in 2016, is part of a series of published expository regional dictionaries, whose aim is to reflect the lexical-phraseological corpus of a region. This dictionary enlightens words and phrases that are particular to the regional speech of Devoll. It also displays words and expressions that are part of a wider Albanian language usage, but which have acquired new connotations, new meanings and figurative use in this particular regional speech. The dictionary in focus of this paper, stores more than thirteen thousand words and phraseological units, proverbs, wishing and swearing formula, proper names of people, toponyms, etc. They are all provided with respective definitions, as well as more than six thousand illustrations drown from the spoken language, found in previous publications of the Devoll speech and researched in the published work of twenty-five authors descendants of Devoll. Most of the displayed units in “The Lexical and Phraseological Dictionary of Devoll” can not be found in earlier publications and may be used as first hand source for futher, deeper research in the domain of dialectology, sociolinguistics, ethnography, etc. The Dictionary is a thorough “encyclopedia” of the spiritual treasury of the Devoll people, its culture and its language, which reflect many particular features if compared to other regions of Albania.
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In the final years of his life Ján Jablonický wrote his memoirs which can serve as a chronicle of the life at the end of the 19th and almost complete 20th century. From his subjective point of view he records not only the events around his hometown – Jaslovské Bohunice, but also in much larger region and in the world. He describes his childhood and the everyday life in a village, different manual labors, habits and traditions and even his school attendance. The article describes lot of already forgotten but ethnologically interesting traditions connected to various holidays (mostly marriages) which are no longer carried out. Special attention is paid to religious life in which Jablonický was involved particularly thanks to his role as a sexton. The life in the village was marked by the two world wars. In his chronicle, Jablonický describes looting of the Jewish property, new administrative divisions after the war, collectivization and the difficulties it brought. He also describes introduction of new machines and gadgets and even new agricultural crops and the reaction of population to those changes. Large portion of the article describes family relationships and individual family members, their activities, destinies and participation in the social life of the village. The article offers a fascinating example of "oral history" and the survey of a family life which is also an interesting testimony about this time period.
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The review of: - Zorica Jurilj, Grabovina tilovinu pita. Tradicijska kulturna baština širokobriješkoga kraja, Matica Hrvatska, Široki Brijeg, 2018, 264 str. - Sveti Marko je odbio iseliti se, Tekstovi: Slavko Harni i Marko Karamatić, Biblioteka Slovoznak, Plehan 2018, 28 cm, 64 str. - Ursinus, Michael (pr.), 2018. Fojnica: Osmanski dokumenti iz arhiva Franjevačkog samostana. Knj. 1. – 69 str.; Knj. 2 – 75 str.; Knj. 3 – 75 str.; Knj. 4 – 73. str.; Knj. 5 – 71. str.; Knj. 6. – str. 75. Fojnica: Franjevački samostan Duha Svetoga - Adnan Busuladžić, Zbirka antičkih fibula iz Franjevačkog samostana u Tolisi - The Collection of Antique Fibulae from the Franciscan Monastery in Tolisa, Univerzitet u Sarajevu – Zemaljski muzej – Franjevački samostan Tolisa, Sarajevo – Tolisa 2014, 192 str. - Dalibor Ballian, Zemlja planina Bosna i Hercegovina, Svjetlo riječi, Sarajevo 2017, 230 str. - Nova riječ. Časopis za književnost i umjetnost, god. V, br. 1–2, ur. Tomislav Žigmanov, Zavod za kulturu vojvođanskih Hrvata – NIU „Hrvatska riječ“, Subotica 2017, 290 str. - Zbornik radova sa II simpozija održanog 5. rujna 2013. u Franjevačkom samostanu u Kreševu: Izvori za prikupljanje i istraživanje podataka o zdravstvenoj i socijalnoj kulturi sa posebnim osvrtom na kanton Sarajevo i šire. Izdavač: Liječnička/ljekarska komora Kantona Sarajevo, Društvo za zaštitu kulturno-povijesnih i prirodnih vrijednosti „Kreševo“ Kreševo, UG „Trezvenost“ Sarajevo, Sarajevo 2016, 123 str. - Mile Bogović, Srpsko pravoslavlje i svetosavlje u Hrvatskoj u prošlosti i sadašnjosti, Alfa, Zagreb 2017, 329 str. - Marina Kljajo Radić, Sjaj slova, DHKHB, Biblioteka Suvremenici, Mostar 2004; Svitac kameniti, DHKHB, Biblioteka Suvremenici, Mostar 2007; San na rijeci, DHKHB, Biblioteka Suvremenici, Mostar 2015. - Gabrijel Tomić, Ratna sjećanja, izd. Župa Podhum-Žitače, Konjic 2018, 149 str. - Esad Kurtović, Iz povijesti dubrovačkoga zaleđa, Ogranak Matice hrvatske u Dubrovniku, Dubrovnik 2018, 247 str. - Nikola Šimić Tonin, Umjetnička eksplozija duha, HKD Ogranak Zadar, Biblioteka Donat, Zadar 2018. - Predeli verovanja – razgovori sa Stanislavom Hočevarom, razgovarao Miloš Jevtić, NM Libris, Beograd 2018, 204 str.
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Review/Prikaz: -Joseph Schütz : Die geographische Terminologie des Serbokroatischen. Deutsche Akademie d. Wiss. zu Berlin. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Slavistik. Herausg. von H, H. Bielfeldi, Nr. 10, 1957. -P. Anton Merlo S. J. : Kratka uputa za praktično i teoretično učenje Albanskog jezika. S njemačkog preveo: dr Emanuel Krajinović. Letnica kod Kosovske Vitine,, 1959. -Silviu Dragomir: VIahi din Nordul Peninsulei Balcanice in Evul Mediu. Burniresti, 1959. Str. 224. Izdanje Rumunske akademije nauka -Leposava Žunić : Sarakačani — »Ašani« na Goču. Glasnik Etnografskog instituta SAN VII (Beograd, 1958), 87—107. -Albert V. Lord: The Singer of Tales. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1960. XV 309. -Starve Skendi : Albanian and South Slavic Oral Epic Poerty; Memoirs of the American Folklore Society, Vol. 44, Philadelphia (Pa. U. S. A.), 1954, sir. VIII + 221 -Rad kongresa folklorista Jugoslavi je u Varaždinu, 1957. Zagreb, 1959, str. 351. -Bеpa Венедикова : Бвлгарски паралели на антиснии обичаи заораваие при основане на селише. Изследованил в чест на академик Д. Дечев (Бвлгарската академиа на науките, Софил. 1958), 779—785. -Verena Han: Orijentalni predmeti u renesansnom Dubrovniku. Prilozi za orijentalnu filologiju i istoriju jugoslovenskih naroda pod turskom vladavinom VI—VII (1956-..1957), Sarajevo» 1958, s. 115-..137. -Margaret Hasluck: The Unwritten Law in Albania. Cambridge (Engleska), 1954. str. XV + 285. -Dr Branislav Nedeljkovič ; Kanun Leke Dukađina — Arbanaško običajno pravo, (Iz rukopisne zaostavštine Valtazara Bogišića). Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradn IV (Beograd, 1956). 429---474. -Andrâsfalvy Bertalan: A vörösbor Magyarorszâgon. Szölö müvelesünk Balkàni kapcsoltai. (Crno vino u Madarskoj. Veze madarskog vinogradarstva sa Balkanom). A Néprajzi Értesito, XXXIX, Budapest, 1957, str. 49—67.
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