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The fundamental measure of the level of human capital is broadly defi ned education, because it has a direct impact on all elements of this capital and its competitiveness. The aim of this elaboration is the assessment of competitiveness of human capital of women and men in Poland based on a above mentioned measure. The analysed period covers the years 2005-2013
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The aim of the paper is the presentation of unconventional measures taken by the Central Bank of Turkey. Two novel elements of the modified inflation targeting strategy are described: reserve option mechanism and interest rate corridor. Arguments for the new instruments as well as a few examples of their implementation in the conduct of monetary policy are presented. The article describes the difficulties concerning the implementation of the monetary policy with financial stability as an objective. Basic macroeconomic indicators of Turkey as well as the opinions of international institutions (mainly the International Monetary Fund) and economists concerning the Turkish economy and the implemented unconventional measures are presented.
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The main aim of this article is to determine the infl uence of the European Central Bank's monetary policy on the real economy in the whole Eurozone and in the countries belonging to it. The goal and the main areas of analyses connected with it determined the layout and the empirical nature of this article which is composed of two parts. The first one presents subject, space and time scope of the conducted empirical study, as well as the applied research method. The results of an empirical analysis of the relationship between the common monetary policy of the European Central Bank and the stability of economic growth and employment in the euro area are contained in the second part of the article. Crucial conclusions resulting from the conducted analyses are presented in the final part of the article
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The aim of the paper was an attempt to define the concept of economic effectiveness of the use of labor resources at the regional level in terms of macro-, mezzo- and microeconomic point of view. The aim of the article was also to analyze the effectiveness of use of labor resources in wielkopolskie voivodeship in 2000-2012. In this context, were observed and discussed specific measures of labor resources economic effectiveness in the analyzed region. Conducted analysis has shown that in an analyzed period and region there has been a significant improvement in effectiveness of use of labor resources, especially in the employment ratio and labor productivity. Conducted comparison of effectiveness of labor resources in polish regions has shown that the highest level of effectiveness was observed in mazowieckie, wielkopolskie and pomorskie, while the lowest level was observed in zachodniopomorskie, podkarpackie and warmińsko-mazurskie voievodshieps
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The article describes the key issues related to the functioning of the households in the financial market. Briefl y presents the idea and economic sense of lending consumption. It also presents from where does the propensity to borrow occur. The period of 2003-2011 in the analyzed EU countries characterized with the growing trend of the household debt. This paper explores whether the onset of the financial crisis in 2008-2011 resulted in a significant way the propensity to borrow, and how the level of income has the propensity to borrow. The analysis lead to a conclusion that, the global crisis reduced temporary the pace of household indebtedness. Moreover in some of the presents countries the values of the household debt exceeded the value of their disposable income. Finally, the authors attempt to interpret the results in the context of rationality decision-making undertaken by individuals.
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The article presents the characteristics of the concept of flexicurity and the outline of flexible forms of employment occurring on the Polish labor market. The aim of this paper is to present a model of flexicurity, and to determine the share of flexible forms of employment in the Polish labor market in the context of creating Polish flexicurity and to present this concept as an alternative to traditional methods leading to a reduction in the level of unemployment. In the first part of the article presents the assumptions regarding the concept of flexicurity. The second part of the paper contains a description of the participation of some flexible forms of employment in the Polish labor market
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Post-socialist systemic transition was a huge institutional change. Its aim was a democracy and a market economy which also required the introduction of the rule of law. In terms of political freedom, economic freedom and rule of law post-socialist countries differed significantly from the democratic capitalist economies. Conducted analyses show that the difference in institutional development between post-socialist countries is growing. There is an institutional convergence to developed, democratic market economies in Central Europe and the Baltic states and South-eastern Europe. In contrast, the Eastern Europe and Caucasus and the Central Asia countries approach in terms of economic freedom and move away because of the range of political freedom
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Social cooperatives in theory should to be one of the main places of social reintegration of marginalized people. The implementation of the tasks of reintegration receive financial support from public funds. To join the cooperative unemployed person get a subsidy of 10-12 thousand zł, and when it is a person with a disability this is even twice. In the years 2009-2013 with this form of support have benefited a total of nearly 750 unemployed people.
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This paper considers the subject of human capital and social capital of the Republic of Turkey in the context of the potential of the country's accession to the European Union. A high level of human capital in a direct way, the ability to form a knowledge society: creative, innovative, tolerant, open to change and able to create sustainable economic and social ties. Since 2005, Turkey is officially a candidate country for membership in the European Union. Turkey has introduced many reforms and changes in the future, enabling the implementation process of creating a knowledge-based economy. Meeting the requirements of the EU on this issue for Turkey is particularly challenging. The Republic of Turkey is a country characterized by different cultural and civilizational identity, confronted with multiple delays in the socio - economic, in relation to the highly developed countries of the European Union. The main thesis of the development is that the process of integration with the EU is an important factor in stimulating the development of human and social capital in Turkey. The research period covers the period from 1986 till 2013. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the state of human and social capital in Turkey in comparison with selected EU countries - Germany, Romania and Bulgaria. For comparative analysis have been selected precisely those countries, as in Germany, home to more than 3 million people of Turkish Diaspora, and Bulgaria and Romania are EU countries most similar level in the socio-economic development of Turkey. The paper presents the state of human capital in Turkey, the Turkish education system. To bring the issue comprehensively discusses the position of Turkey in the international rankings on human and social capital.
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Changes in the labour markets, especially concerning employment, unemployment and economic activity in the Visegrad Group Countries during the years 2004-2013 are analysed in the paper. It is tried to describe these changes and indicate their determinants in the analysed countries. Special attention is paid to direct determinants of the labour market performance which are underlined in economic theory: dynamics of output, relations of real wages and labour productivity and also some labour market institutions. The analyses show that in the period of 2004-2013 significant changes, concerning in particular unemployment, employment and economic activity, occurred in the labour markets of Visegrad Group countries. After a period of favourable changes in 2004-2008, a global crisis has revealed in 2009-2010, causing sharp declines in employment and increases in unemployment, which were, however, inhibited and partially reversed in the 2011-2013 period. The analyses indicated that these changes had resulted primarily from changes of the factors stemming from the demand side of the labour market. Certain role was played here by changes in the relationship between the dynamics of real wages and the dynamics of labour productivity and, above all, by different GDP dynamics in different countries. Labour market institutions, such as: the degree of stringency of employment protection legislation, the share of fixed-term contracts, the generosity of the unemployment benefits system, the minimum wage and the tax wedge had also significant impact on the situation in the labour markets of the Visegrad Group countries.
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The main goal of the paper was to define strategies of financial liquidity in the concept of risk-return analysis on one of domestic leading meat processing enterprise - ZM Henryk Kania SA. To the analysis were taken 100 official financial data from the enterprise in the period between 2008-2012 from Monitory Polskie "B." The analysis of financial liquidity strategies was undertaken on assets, funding and financial liquidity management strategies. The results were compared and analyzed to meat market indicators. ZM Henryk Kania SA continued aggressive strategy of assets (A-A), which means to keep high level of assets and minimize financial liquidity. The enterprise runs conservative strategy of assets funding (K-K), which means to minimalize operative current liabilities and maximize financial liquidity. The enterprise runs moderate (elastic) strategy of financial liquidity management (K-A) which means high level of turnover assets and high level of current liabilities. Indeed the size of enterprise and diversity of the economic conditions have a vivid infl uence on the economic risk of running the analyzed stock meat enterprises. The further subject analysis is worth to be continued.
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This article aims to study the phenomenon of regional business cycles in Poland. In literature, the problem of regional business fl uctuations is described in two opposite ways. The fi rst concept of Jeffrey Frankel and Andrew Rose supports the idea that the deepening of economic integration leads to more synchronized business cycles, both in national and regional level. The second concept is derived from the Paul Krugman's researches, who states that economic integration causes an increase of regional concentration of industrial activity. The result of that is creation of asymmetric shocks and diverging business cycles. In this paper it is attempted to describe the morphological characteristics of regional fluctuations in Poland. The research results made it possible to answer the question of whether the business cycles of Polish regions are similar in terms of morphology and whether there is the synchronization of regional fluctuations.
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Economic growth is not the same as the increase in prosperity. Still, GDP is often interpreted as a measure of prosperity. The study assumed that economic growth measured by GDP determines the increase in prosperity, but prosperity increase is not proportional to the increase in GDP. In developing economies in the early stages of economic development measured by the well-being of Quality of Life and the Human Development Index HDI progressing relatively quickly, but more slowly than economic growth. The analyzed indicators, GDP per capita, Quality of Life and HDI countries designate considered their position in the ranking because of the level of economic growth and prosperity and economic-social development. According to the indications of these meters the highest growth and highest level of prosperity to Germany. The next item followed by the Czech Republic and Poland after them. Slovakia occupies the fourth position, the fifth Lithuania, followed by Belarus and the last in a series of ranks Ukraine.
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This paper discusses the problems of flexibility in the area of human resource management. The business environment is uncertain. As a result, plenty of enterprises have to be flexible. People management is very important because of its role. This article presents main conditions of flexible activities of organization, especially forms of flexibility of employment. The paper shows the flexicurity model, as a conception of flexibility and safety of employment. This conception is little known in Poland. The aim of this article is the identification of main factors which determine the necessity of flexible human resource management in enterprises and methods connected with it, especially flexicurity
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In this paper the most important issues related to application of the discount for lack of marketability (DLOM) were discussed. Importance of a proper application of this discount in the business valuation, and the newest challenges in the field were presented and discussed.
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Changes in the environment in which today's organizations operate, impact on the way how to do business and increasingly direct companies to project approach. The company's strategy is not complete if it does not reflect into a list of specific projects and ventures. Projects recently gained fundamental importance for the development and survival of the organization. The purpose of this article is to present the place and importance of the project in a strategic approach to the management of the company.
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This article presents the definitions of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) from the perspective of various authors as well as other concepts related to CSR which may form a part of CSR, but do not constitute its basis and tend to be confused with CSR. The author also points out the areas in which organizations should undertake activity so as to be considered socially responsible.
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This article is focused on measurement of intellectual capital with Market Value to Book Value ratio. The first part of the article presents the issue of intellectual capital measurement with MV/BV. While, the second part presents results of the research of the measurement of intellectual capital with MV/BV in companies listed on the Stock Exchange in Warsaw within the WIG 20 Index. The study covers the period 2007-2012 and is part of the project funded by the National Science Centre allocated on the basis of the decision DEC-2011/01/N/HS4/06036.
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The article presents the results of the research, which was conducted in authorized car services. It presents problems of motivating employees in these companies. It also describes a self-assessment quality of services of service and repair carried out by staff and proposed solutions, which the implementation may have an influence on improvement process management and improve the quality of services
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Strategic thinking in organizational management shall be considered a complex and uncertain factor. A system for the long-term functioning of organization should open up a real possibility for developing and implementing the strategy. The strategy ought to reflect not only different variants or types of risk (structure, influence), but also dynamically changing market requirements (consumers) as well as institutional solutions aimed at expenditure rationalization and associated with market policy and the policy of strategic alliances formed with business environment.
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