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The article is about how Słownik prasłowiański was being compiled. Successive stages in the preparation of dictionary entries are described, and an overview of Słownik’s history is provided, starting from the initial stage of so-called trial entries.
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The paper presents findings of an analysis of phonetic, inflective and syntactic identifiers of Eastern Borderland stylization, as used in one of the most popular Polish comedy films of the 1960s, Sami swoi, directed by Sylwester Chęciński. The material excerpted from its dialogues is confronted with texts originating in the villages Boryczówka and Niemirów, and also with findings of a research into the Polish language of South-Eastern Borderlands.
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The article presents proverbs proper excerpted from {Nowy dykcjonarz} by M.A. Trotz, and characterizes them in respect of their form. An attempt is made to find “hidden” proverbs (not marked as such) and indicate the places of their presence in a dictionary article. Also discussed are functions that proverbs perform in the dictionary and factors explaining the richness of Polish proverbs (approx. 800 units) in Trotz’s work.A juxtaposition of Trotz dictionary proverbs and their equivalents registered in Knapski’s {Thesaurus} throws light on changes in proverb structure over a period of more than 130 years.
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The article discusses the presence of verbs going out of use in the New Polish period, and how they were described, in lexicographic sources of the time (SWil, SW, SJPD) – and also, by way of comparison, in USJP. The material is gathered based on SJPD, from which there were selected lexical units marked with the chronological descriptors “old”,“obsolete” and “going out of use” (the analysis is confined to units beginning with the letters D, L, Ł and M). The paper presents similarities and differences identifiable in the dictionaries mentioned, in respect of both methodology (micro- and macrostructure of the dictionaries) and lifetimes of individual words.
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In the work of lexicographers who study the vocabulary of past epochs, the question of their linguistic competence draws particular attention. While this linguistic competence which they have in modern Polish is indisputable, it may actually turn out to be an obstacle when working with the historical Polish language. This paper raises some of theresulting questions: How does this mechanism of balancing between both language areas operate? Are researchers capable of looking at a language that dates back to four or five centuries ago from a level that would approximate the actual level of its past user? What will help them in this pursuit, and what obstacles can they expect?
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In the paper the author attempts to evaluate the practical side of terminological lexicography in Poland over a period of almost seventy years, using the example of terminological dictionaries with English and Polish. Some 1200 terminography works, published in Poland between 1945 and 2013, were researched for their macro- and microstructure. The general and specific terminographic analysis made it possible to formulate general conclusions and assess the condition of specialised dictionary-making within the selected scope. Projects of this kind represent a long-awaited response, at the practical level, to calls from metalexicography researchers for systematic dictionary research.
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The article focuses on the cognitive category of point of view in the context ofchildren’s literature translation. It is argued that this category, although broad anddifficult to define, is a good analytical tool to compare translations of books forchildren, being a key concept in children’s literature studies, translation studies andcognitive linguistics. The author traces point of view indicators in the grammar,lexicon and metaphors of the original texts and compares them with their equivalentsin the Polish translation. The main goal is to demonstrate that a character’spoint of view can be conveyed at all levels of textual organization and that failureto notice and preserve it in translation changes the empathy potential of the book.
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In the contemporary Polish language alias and czyli can be regarded as indicators oflexical equivalence. However, it was not always so, as can be seen in the material analyzed in the paper: inventories of Greater Poland’s gentility from the 2nd half of the eighteenth century. The article shows the classification of expressions with alias and czyli, taking into account the functional and stylistic level of concatenated elements (including dialectals) and semantic relations between them.
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This article focuses on Paweł Sobolewski’s manuscript dictionary, {Słownik angielsko- polski…} (1840), which his biographers allege was lost during shipment from America to Europe. However, part of the manuscript embracing the alphabet range B?E is held at the archive of the Polish Library in Paris, thus allowing the author to discuss facts and myths concerning the dictionary, and make an attempt at its assessment. Much attention is paid in the paper to Sobolewski’s biography, which may be illustrated and partly verified with the extant correspondence.
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The aim of this article is to research the ways of developing phraseology and its emplacement into the macro- and microstructure in selected dialectal dictionaries (academic and popular). The first part is an overview of the phraseology, as included in introductions to the dictionaries. In the second part, using specific examples, the author discusses how the methodological and editorial assumptions adopted by dictionary authors/editors are followed in practice. The study of introductions and analysis of the lexical material reveal that in the absence of clearly framed methodological assumptions and detailed editorial guidelines on how to present phraseology in dialectal dictionaries, the quality of phraseology treatment in a particular lexicon is affected, and numerous disagreements in description can be noticed.
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This paper discusses the Polish, Russian and English-speaking cardiologists and cardiac surgeons’ professiolects and sociolects. 271 questionnaires filled in by cardiologists and cardiac surgeons from Poland, Russia, Australia, the United States of America and Great Britain from July 2011 till February 2012 were analysed in the study. Nine characteristics of the professiolects and the sociolects were extracted from the morphological analysis, the analysis of the vocabulary dependant on its semantic field as well as the derivation analysis of the vocabulary. These features show the difference between professiolects and sociolects, and they characterise every idiom. Some pragmatic aspects of sociolects and professiolects are also discussed in the article.
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This article is dedicated to the {Polish-Latin-Latvian dictionary} published in 1858 inWilno/Vilnius. This trilingual lexicon is not known in Poland, although it has a significantposition in Latvian lexicography. In the first part of the article the author presentsinformation about the dictionary and its maker. In the second part phonetic regionalisms(such as: erring {o : ó, i : y, 'a to 'e} alternation, vowel reduction and different implementationsof nasal vowels) are characterized. In the author’s opinion these features have a lotin common with north-east Polish language of the Eastern Borderlands.
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This paper presents the state of research regarding extreme phenomena at different spatial scales in Polish scientific publications ( mainly climatological ones ). The analysis covered papers concerning: various classifications and criteria for the identification of extreme phenomena, characterising the causes and effects of extreme phenomena, modeling and forecasting of extreme phenomena as well as using the knowledge about extreme phenomena in practice. The review of literature on extreme weather and climate phenomena allowed the authors to see a large number of problems connected with the research upon extreme phenomena. Problems concerning definitions, research methods and extreme phenomena forecasting were mainly dealt with in the paper. The effects of occurrence of hydrometeorological extreme phenomena are an issue of significant importance.
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The aim of the paper is to review the state of research on the phenomenon of derecho, with particular emphasis on studies conducted in Europe and on the American continent. The paper presents different approaches to the identification criteria of derecho. The structure and conditions for its formation were characterized. Long-term studies on the multi-annual occurrence of derecho on both continents were described. The presented review of literature led to the conclusion that there are still many opportunities to study mesoscale convective systems which cause derecho on the European continent
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Wind gusts are a dangerous meteorological phenomenon which may cause material damage and risk to human life. In recent years they have been observed more frequently. The purpose of this analysis is to examine synoptic situations favouring the occurrence of wind gust in Żeńsko (Western Pomerania ) and to characterize their seasonal, monthly and diurnal variations. The study uses data on wind speed and direction from the wind data collection tower at Żeńsko from the period between January 2008 and December 2009. Wind speed was measured at two heights – 25 and 50 m above ground level. The location selected for this analysis represents lakeland landscape, typical for this part of Poland. Wind Gusts at Żeńsko are observed throughout the year. The maximum of their occurrence is observed in March and August, while the minimum in May and September. During the day they most often occur in the afternoon hours. A synoptic situation favouring the occurrence of wind gusts is a baric col over Poland. They equally often occur during fronts transition, particularly with a cold front. The investigation revealed that wind gusts always occur on days with the advection of more than one air mass. They also occur with a high probability (over 25%) in the cases of tropical and polar continental air flow.
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The paper analyzes winter temperatures in the Polish part of the southern Baltic coast using the mean monthly temperature from the years 1951–2010 from the following stations: Szczecin, Świnoujście, Ustka, Hel, Gdynia and Elbląg and the maximum daily air temperature from the years 1986–2010 from the stations: Szczecin, Świnoujście, Kołobrzeg, Łeba and Hel. In order to characterize the circulation determinants in especially warm winters, the NAO index and types of circulation according to Lityński were used. The study showed a strong influence of the western airflow on winter temperatures, which distorted the upward trend in temperature by an extremely high intensity of advection. The particularly strong advection of air masses from the Atlantic in the last decade of the twentieth century contributed to the high, compared to other years, winter temperature on the Polish coast, especially in its western part
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The aim of this study is to identify extreme cases of the appearance of singularities in the annual air temperature course in the period 1826–2010 in Krakow. In climatological literature the term “singularities” denotes characteristic fluctuations in the annual course of temperature, occurring periodically every year. In this paper a special attention was paid to the duration and long-term variability of distinguished singularities. A 5-degree polynomial was used to smooth out the annual course of temperature. A model of temperature variation was calculated on this basis. Differences between the mean daily temperature values and those calculated from the model was taken into account to distinguish these singularities. It was found that in the period 1826–2010 in Krakow, warm anomalies slightly prevailed over cold anomalies. In the annual course, singularities occurred most frequently in spring, but the greatest differences between the daily mean air temperature and that calculated from the model appeared in winter. However, there was no clear recurrence of the analyzed events (singularities) in the multi-year period.
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