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Drivers of Operating Profit: A Focus on Selected Firms’ Costs

Drivers of Operating Profit: A Focus on Selected Firms’ Costs

Drivers of Operating Profit: A Focus on Selected Firms’ Costs

Author(s): Gilbert Ogechukwu Nworie,Ugochukwu J. Nwoye / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2023

Keywords: consumer goods firms; cost of inventory; cost of labour; selling and distribution costs; operating profits;

The study evaluates how selected firms’ costs predict the directionality of operating profits of public listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. Accordingly, the research intends to determine the effect of selling and distribution costs, cost of inventory and cost of labour on the operating profit ratio of the sampled firms. To achieve these objectives, the study adopts the ex-post facto research design. A total of 13 consumer goods firms was purposively sampled out of a population of 20 consumer goods firms that are listed on the floor of the Nigerian Exchange Group. Secondary data obtained from the 2011-2020 annual reports of the selected firms were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and ordinary least square regression technique at 5% level of significance. Findings made showed that cost of inventory is positive, but does not significantly drive the operating profit ratio of public listed consumer firms in Nigeria, cost of labour is positive and significantly drives the operating profit ratio of public listed consumer firms in Nigeria, while selling and distribution costs are negative, but do not significantly drive the operating profit ratio of sampled firms. Based on these findings, the research concludes that when an effective costing system or technique has been established in the firm, there are efficient allocation and utilization of resources, which lead to minimization of costs and maximization of profit. It was therefore recommended that managers of consumer goods companies should strengthen envisaged control procedures to eliminate waste in their selling and distribution costs.

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Academic Tourism as an Emerging Tourism Industry in Kazakhstan
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Academic Tourism as an Emerging Tourism Industry in Kazakhstan

Academic Tourism as an Emerging Tourism Industry in Kazakhstan

Author(s): Bakhyt Altynbassov,Aigerim Bayanbayeva,Baurzhan Issabekov,Yerbolat Barlykov,Bekmukhan Akhmetov,Bakhytbek A. Zhankubayev,Indira Shokhanova / Language(s): English / Issue: 6(62)/2022

Keywords: academic tourism; academic mobility; university campuses; Kazakhstan;

The purpose of this study is to investigate the development of academic tourism in Kazakhstan in recent years. Analytical papers and expert reports from the UN World Tourism Organization and a review of studies over the past two decades have been useful in determining the meaning of academic tourism and academic mobility. In addition, international and national tourism policy and regulatory acts were analyzed, reflecting the prospects of the tourism industry. Using a thematic analysis method, this study analyzed the development of academic tourism in Kazakhstan as an emerging tourism sector over the past few years. The new tax preferences, the approval of a special economic zone in priority areas provided by the Government were found as the greatest opportunity in facilitating academic tourism in the southern region of Kazakhstan. In this regard, the establishment of international university campuses can play a significant role. It is expected that the implementation of this idea will help to attract thousands of students and academics from neighboring countries and can become a real impetus for the development of tourism. Furthermore, it can positively influence other tourism sectors such as MICE tourism, eco-tourism.

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Corporate Governance in Organizations of Higher and Postgraduate Education as Leverage Point for Pathways to the Tourism Development
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Corporate Governance in Organizations of Higher and Postgraduate Education as Leverage Point for Pathways to the Tourism Development

Corporate Governance in Organizations of Higher and Postgraduate Education as Leverage Point for Pathways to the Tourism Development

Author(s): Daniyar Ismuratov,Gulnar Kushebina,Saltanat Valiyeva,Dina Mangibayeva / Language(s): English / Issue: 6(62)/2022

Keywords: education; corporate governance; digitalization; tourism impact; business community;

The purpose of this study is to analyze corporate governance in higher and postgraduate educational institutions and its impact on the development of tourism, under the conditions of globalization changes taking place around the world. Applying a research methodology lens, we identified main priority points for intervention (leverage points) which appear to be a key for the decisional factors which aimed to boost development of tourism through transformative changes initiated by the government, business, civil society and academia.

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Coping Competence and Social Support on Job Performance in the Nigerian Tourism Industry
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Coping Competence and Social Support on Job Performance in the Nigerian Tourism Industry

Coping Competence and Social Support on Job Performance in the Nigerian Tourism Industry

Author(s): Olusoji Damaro Arubayi,Dafe Marcus Ejeta / Language(s): English / Issue: 6(62)/2022

Keywords: coping competence; social support; job performance; tourism industry;

This study examined coping competence, social supports and job performance in the tourism industry in Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted via questionnaire and was administered to three hundred and five (305) employees of tourism companies. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Findings revealed that coping competence and social support significantly and positively affect job performance in the tourism industry. The implication is that employees in the tourism industry have high level of coping competence towards handling stressful situations in the workplace and they receive maximum social supports from superiors and colleagues resulting in enhanced job performance. The study recommends that since coping competence improve job performance, management of the tourism industry should periodically assess employees’ coping competence regularly to ensure that negative coping skills are eliminated from the work environment. More so, management of the tourism industry should incessantly support employees in their day-to-day tasks in order to improve job performance.

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The service of police officers and soldiers at the Polish-Belarusian border during the 2021–2022 crisis

The service of police officers and soldiers at the Polish-Belarusian border during the 2021–2022 crisis

The service of police officers and soldiers at the Polish-Belarusian border during the 2021–2022 crisis

Author(s): Krzysztof Janik,Andrzej Skowroński / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2022

Keywords: immigration; border; border service; Polish-Belarusian border; border crisis

In recent years, the question of population migration has become more present in the Polish social and political life. One of the examples of this phenomenon was the set of events at the turn of 2021 and 2022, when thousands of people tried to illegally cross the Polish-Belarusian border and enter the Republic of Poland. The state reacted by reinforcing border services, deploying soldiers and police officers to serve on the border. The circumstances of the deployment, conditions of service and related impressions of participants became the subject of research, the results of which are presented in this article. Most of our respondents were deployed to the border by order and were scarcely or completely unprepared to the service. The social and living conditions during service are evaluated as rather good, although leisure activities were poorly organised. Among the feelings and impressions from service, the most highly appreciated were the team atmosphere and cooperation and the attitude of superiors. Nevertheless, what prevails is a moderate dissatisfaction with the job, with a vast majority of participants unwilling to repeat such service.

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Combat stress within the Polish Armed Forces

Combat stress within the Polish Armed Forces

Combat stress within the Polish Armed Forces

Author(s): Monika Ostrowska,Cezary Podlasiński / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2022

Keywords: stress; PTSD; soldier; Polish Armed Forces

The military forces usually conjure up the image of soldiers who serve in a given country, or those who carry out their duties in peacekeeping missions. They are frequently in the spotlight during their stay in the area of their operations and the performance of their duties. The memories of them and of any of the possible problems that they may encounter usually fade away once they have gone back to their country, or once they have returned to their parent unit. Interestingly, this rule also applies to other members of the military personnel. Service in the army, which frequently implies exposure to atrocities and ongoing hostilities, undoubtedly leaves its mark on people’s physical and mental health, and it can also have a major impact on the lives of professional soldiers and their families. Paradoxically, the level of stress experienced increases as the sense of a real threat goes down. Being a soldier is one of those professions in which exposure to stress is high, and there is a major risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), especially in those members of the armed forces who have taken part in foreign missions. This paper looks at the historical background of the phenomenon, its symptoms, its methods of diagnosis, as well as the entire system of monitoring, supporting and treating post-traumatic stress in the Polish Armed Forces. Such a study has been possible thanks to a thorough analysis of the applicable pieces of legislation, backed by an insight into a series guidelines, orders and dispositions given at all levels of command and supervision in the army.

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The phenomenon of job burnout on the example of police officers in the city of Krakow

The phenomenon of job burnout on the example of police officers in the city of Krakow

The phenomenon of job burnout on the example of police officers in the city of Krakow

Author(s): Jerzy Gut,Kamil Niedziela / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2022

Keywords: job burnout; policemen; Oldenburg Burnout Inventory; exhaustion; disengagement

Job burnout as a social phenomenon covers more and more groups of employees. The problem mainly affects professions of a social nature, which require constant contact with other people. Previous studies have shown that police service is classified as high-risk in the context of job burnout due to the mode and manner of work that police officers perform every day. In their work, policemen are faced with ever greater requirements regarding their competence, availability, high quality and appropriate pace of performed tasks. Therefore, in their service they are particularly vulnerable to being affected by job burnout syndrome. This article attempts to determine the extent of the phenomenon of job burnout syndrome and its causes in a group of police officers working and representing various police departments in the city of Krakow. The research was conducted on the basis of the Polish version of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI).

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Changes in perception of gender stereotypes in the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic

Changes in perception of gender stereotypes in the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic

Changes in perception of gender stereotypes in the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic

Author(s): Bohuslava Mihalčová,Michal Pružinský / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2022

Keywords: military; gender stereotypes; women in the armed forces; military skills; women ‘s preferred skills; equal opportunities

Women’s participation in an ever-widening range of occupations is related to growing emancipation, their physical and mental fitness, their ability to solve complex problems based on acquired scientific knowledge, skills, and a strong specific disposition in leading teams. With their natural empathy, inherent to women – mothers, feelings, responsibility, and rational thinking, they show that they are rightly given the same opportunities as their male co-workers. They occupy a wide range of manual work, they are irreplaceable in services, health care, education, science, parliament, but also the police or the armed forces. They do business, run multinational companies, fly aircrafts etc. Less than a century ago, it was rare to see women in the military, and yet women now fight in ground combat, command air combat, pilot combat aircraft, and oversee medical operations. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the participation of women in the tasks of the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic in terms of gender stereotypes and to identify the possibilities of full employment of women in the civil service in the reflection of the current military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine.

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Apolitical reality of Polish Police

Apolitical reality of Polish Police

Apolitical reality of Polish Police

Author(s): Iwona Osmólska,Józef Pruchniak / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2022

Keywords: apoliticality; non-partyism; the police; politics; politicians; political neutrality; uniformed groups

The aim of the study is not only an attempt to define the concept of “apoliticality of the police” and its meaning, but above all, to draw attention to the increasingly emerging problem of interference by the participants of the political scene in the work of the Polish Police. For the purposes of this study, the notions of “political neutrality” and “apoliticality” are equivalent and synonymous. The main problem is the search for an answer to the question of whether the Polish Police nowadays are adequately protected against the influence of political pressure? The text uses theoretical research methods, including literature analysis and statistical data analysis. It was assumed that the apolitical nature of the police means the lack of involvement of police officers in political activities and the scrupulous and impartial performance of official duties, regardless of what is happening on the Polish political scene. The results of the conducted analyses allow the conclusion that the apolitical nature of the Polish Police is a mystification because it is insufficiently protected against the influence of politics, which as a consequence leads to a reduction in its effectiveness and social trust.

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Burnout in the police officers serving at Krakow Constabulary

Burnout in the police officers serving at Krakow Constabulary

Burnout in the police officers serving at Krakow Constabulary

Author(s): Monika Ostrowska,Renata Stojecka-Zuber,Zbigniew Nowak / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2022

Keywords: stress; burnout; the Police; Krakow Constabulary

Undoubtedly, serving as a police officer is associated with a high level of occupational stress. The stressfulness of this profession, which keeps increasing every year, results from several reasons, of which the most important ones include frequent participation in difficult and sometimes dramatic situations, endangering one’s own life and the lives of others, making quick decisions, bearing the burden of a potentially unjustified use of weapons, and exposure to trauma and other traumatic experiences of other people. The high level of stress related to the profession of a police officer is also associated with other factors, such as low wages, shifts, or paperwork. This paper looks at the notion and consequences of burnout among police officers on the example of the Krakow Constabulary. The study rests on a detailed survey of 110 officers based on the application of the ANOVA method of analysis of variance.

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Managing the culture of fear in shaping the behavior and attitudes of the members of the organization

Managing the culture of fear in shaping the behavior and attitudes of the members of the organization

Managing the culture of fear in shaping the behavior and attitudes of the members of the organization

Author(s): Kazimierz Nagody-Mrozowicz,Konstanty Mrozowicz / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2022

Keywords: fear; anxiety; organisational culture; behaviours; attitudes

The aim of this study is to show the culture-forming role of fear as a tool of cynical managerial pragmatism, which can be used in a planned and coordinated way. For this purpose, a critical analysis of the literature on the subject was made, and basing on existing written sources, an original theoretical models were proposed that can become the basis for conceptualization for further empirical research.

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Participation of youth from Lesser Poland and Cieszyn Silesia in the fight for the Cieszyn Region and in Silesian Uprisings in the years 1919–1921

Participation of youth from Lesser Poland and Cieszyn Silesia in the fight for the Cieszyn Region and in Silesian Uprisings in the years 1919–1921

Participation of youth from Lesser Poland and Cieszyn Silesia in the fight for the Cieszyn Region and in Silesian Uprisings in the years 1919–1921

Author(s): Janusz Wojtycza / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2022

Keywords: Galicia; Cieszyn Silesia; Upper Silesia; Silesian uprisings

The article describes the participation of youth from Lesser Poland and Cieszyn Silesia in the fight for the Cieszyn Region and in Silesian Uprisings in the years 1919–1921. Already in November 1918, Polish youth joined Polish military formations in Cieszyn Silesia, and then in January 1919 they took part in the fights with the Czechs for these lands. Later, together with young people from other regions of Lesser Poland, they took part in the fight for Lviv. Subsequent Silesian uprisings were supported by young inhabitants of the whole of Lesser Poland, both through participation in the propaganda campaign, as well as in bloody fights and guard duty at the border. A number of them died, and their heroic deeds are evidenced by the battle decorations awarded to them. Faithful to the idea of fighting for independence, they took part in taking over power in the Polish lands, and then joined the ranks of defenders of these lands in large numbers and contributed to shaping the borders of the Second Polish Republic.

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Service Employees’ Expressions of Emotions in Restaurants: A Transcendental Phenomenology Study
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Service Employees’ Expressions of Emotions in Restaurants: A Transcendental Phenomenology Study

Service Employees’ Expressions of Emotions in Restaurants: A Transcendental Phenomenology Study

Author(s): Mohammad Shahidul Islam,Fariba Azizzadeh,Sebastian Zupok,Hassan Babapour,Janusz Soboń,Joanna Rogozińska-Mitrut,Aziz Hosseini,Lawrence Jones-Esan / Language(s): English / Issue: 6(62)/2022

Keywords: nonverbal communication; service person; service encounter; theory of emotional contagion;

As a topic, nonverbal communication (e.g., expressions of emotions) remains inadequately focused on tourism and hospitality research. Its qualitative significance in service encounters is also virtually unexplored. Given the importance of employees' display of affective characteristics as vivid outcomes of nonverbal communication, i.e., responsiveness, friendliness, trustworthiness, competence, and compassion toward customers, the current study aims to explore customers' experiences toward nonverbal communication of employees during service encounters. By using transcendental phenomenology as a methodological framework, the study resorted to in-depth interviews with 13 customers, representing different nationalities, with whom the study found nonverbal communication as expressions of "body signal, mood, icon, marketing aids, mind changer and anything unspoken" that are conceived quickly and make customers feel welcome and comfortable. The study also found realistic experiences that customers could take their meals at home; they visited the restaurant for having different experiences: refreshment and relaxation while dining. In that emotional situation, they expected favourable nonverbal behaviour instead of a worried face, ignorance, mouse on the floor. The discussion of results is carried out concerning the characteristics of nonverbal communication and the theory of emotional contagion.

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A Critical Review of COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak in the Restaurant Industry
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A Critical Review of COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak in the Restaurant Industry

A Critical Review of COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak in the Restaurant Industry

Author(s): Perumal Raja,Ankathi Raghu,R. Kannan,K. Suresh,V. Sivakami,I. Hiller Armstrong / Language(s): English / Issue: 6(62)/2022

Keywords: food service industry; COVID-19; global economy; risk factors; hospitality business;

Food Service Industry (FSI) was one of the hardest hit during the outbreak of COVID-19 as they were shutdown to control the spread of the virus across society. The COVID-19 pandemic almost nullified the organized and unorganized restaurant business across the country. Dining out is one of the most popular social activities in a metropolitan city like Coimbatore (popularly known as Manchester of South India), the city has branches of popular restaurant chains from across the globe. Measures such as lockdown, social distancing, and dine-in restrictions adopted by the government to slow down the spread of the virus, have imparted huge loss to the FSI that has in turn severely affected the livelihood of millions of restaurant workers in the country with Coimbatore being no exception. In this background, the authors have studied the case of impact of COVID-19 on restaurants with special reference to Coimbatore. Primary data from restaurants were used for this study. The findings based on the data provide a significant contribution to the FSI, and identify the factors that need to be tapped to frame a strategy to increase the sales volume in upcoming pandemic-like situations. Also, the authors have suggested following the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) instructed by the government even after the pandemic.

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Cloud Gaming: An Antipandemic Case for Restaurants
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Cloud Gaming: An Antipandemic Case for Restaurants

Cloud Gaming: An Antipandemic Case for Restaurants

Author(s): Lyudmila Bovsh,Inna Levytska,Larysa Hopkalo,Alla Rasulova,Kateryna Kompanets / Language(s): English / Issue: 6(62)/2022

Keywords: restaurant; customer environment; COVID-19; gamification; mobile application; mobile gaming; cloud gaming; chatbot;

The study covers a review and testing of solutions for gamification of the restaurant business, which in a pandemic lockdown makes information services attractive to consumers. An architectural composition of gaming client environment of the restaurant was built. A priori probabilities of increasing consumer loyalty to the restaurant entity, which attracts its own server platform, complementing it with cloud gaming, have been determined.

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The importance of the state military policy  of the Central Council in the modern development  of the Ukrainian army

The importance of the state military policy of the Central Council in the modern development of the Ukrainian army

The importance of the state military policy of the Central Council in the modern development of the Ukrainian army

Author(s): Yaroslavna Volodymyrivna Viktorska / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: army; military policy; organs of UCC; armed forces; Central Council of Ukraine; national liberation struggle

The article examines the scientific significance of the state military policy of the Central Council. It outlines the deployment of the military movement and the activities of the military bodies of the People’s Republic of Ukraine. The significance and influence of the experience of the military policy of the Central Council for the present-day development of the state is delineated. Normative activity in the military sphere during the period of the Central Council and Independent Ukraine is analyzed. The issue of the legal, financial, and social situation of the military personnel of the Armed Forces between 1917 and 1919 is highlighted. The military legal norms of the period together with the military norms from the Independence of Ukraine are analyzed. The need to supplement these documents is proven, in particular by a detailed description of the role and function of the military personnel in the military formations as a component of military security policy. It is emphasized that the main priority in the national security system is the development, preservation, provision, and improvement of the regulatory and legal acts. The basic documents that defined the state policy of national security during the Central Council period as well as their significance for the present-day development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are analyzed.

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Bulgarian Studies in the Mirror of Emerging Black Sea Studies: A Plea for Relocation

Bulgarian Studies in the Mirror of Emerging Black Sea Studies: A Plea for Relocation

Bulgarian Studies in the Mirror of Emerging Black Sea Studies: A Plea for Relocation

Author(s): Yordan Lyutskanov / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: studies in Eastern Christianity; postcolonial studies; post-Ottoman studies; post-Byzantine studies; post-imperial studies; self-colonisation; Black Sea studies; Bulgarian studies

The paper argues that Bulgarian studies should be divorced from the paradigms of Slavic, Balkan and European studies and be relocated, in order to let the discipline articulate suppressed historical perspectives and achieve better standing within a global distribution of academic labour. The author analyses a recent collective volume in Black Sea studies (‘The Black Sea as a Literary and Cultural Space’, 2019) and discerns some research perspectives that are worth adopting for the mentioned relocation. The article’s overall intention is to juxtapose and partly merge the research agendas of Bulgarian studies and Black Sea studies, or at least to provoke a relevant interest in the academia. Such an intention can be primarily grounded in a macrohistorical generalisation: three, out of altogether only four, centres of worldling for Bulgarians from the 9th century onwards were located in, or at least gravitated to, the Black Sea basin (Constantinople, Istanbul, and Imperial Petersburg / Soviet Moscow), and were for the most time Black Sea (co)hegemons.

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TRANSFORMATION OF STATE'S INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF "LOCALISATION" OF THE WORLD ECONOMY STRUCTURE

TRANSFORMATION OF STATE'S INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF "LOCALISATION" OF THE WORLD ECONOMY STRUCTURE

TRANSFORMATION OF STATE'S INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF "LOCALISATION" OF THE WORLD ECONOMY STRUCTURE

Author(s): Sava Hristov Dimov,Pavel Vladimirovich Trifonov,Valeriy Valerievich Smirnov,Daniil Andreevich Kutyurin / Language(s): English / Issue: 02 EN/2022

Keywords: global value chains; industrial policy; gross value added; economic crisis; export potential; world trade.

The article analyzes the impact of transformation of global value chains under the influence of crisis processes in the global economy on the state of domestic industry. The main purpose of the study is to form conceptual prerequisites for the formation of actual tasks and directions of development of the industrial policy of the Russian Federation in the context of adaptation to the new conditions of functioning of the world economy, due to the new technological order and the transition of a number of developed countries to a new form of foreign economic policy "protectionism". Scenarios for the development of the industrial potential of the domestic economy are considered and political and economic factors affecting the nature of potential changes are identified. The experience of economically developed countries in the field of foreign economic policy is considered. To determine the vectors of development of Russia's industrial policy, we analyzed the dynamics of the export potential of the Russian industry and made a rating of countries based on the value of the share of gross value added of the manufacturing industry in the GDP of the economy.

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IN-DEPTH EXPLORATION OF SYSTEMS THEORY PRINCIPLES: THE EMERGENCE OF SELF-PERFECTING SYSTEMS

IN-DEPTH EXPLORATION OF SYSTEMS THEORY PRINCIPLES: THE EMERGENCE OF SELF-PERFECTING SYSTEMS

IN-DEPTH EXPLORATION OF SYSTEMS THEORY PRINCIPLES: THE EMERGENCE OF SELF-PERFECTING SYSTEMS

Author(s): Milena Piryankova / Language(s): English / Issue: 02 EN/2022

Keywords: system theory; systems approach; large complex systems; control; self-perfecting

The problems of the modern world are too complex to be modeled by a classic closed system approach. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concepts and principles of system theory, underlying the study of complex systems. It explores from simple to complex concepts in order to extract key principles. The paper presents the importance of the interconnectivity between the system's elements from which the behavior of the system derives. It covers self-perfecting systems, complex-adaptive systems and their role in emerging complexity in social phenomena. The overview discusses the emergence of self-learning systems and self-organizing systems which adapt and evolve in response to changing turbulent environments. . The paper emphasizes the crucial role of feedback and control elements in large complex systems and underscores the need for automated self- improving and self-perfecting subsystems to ensure the resilience and sustainability of these systems in the face of changing conditions of the environment.

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Result 243201-243220 of 321609
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